ID: 55552
Title: Hydrography of Dhaka city catchment and impact of urbanization on water flows: A review
Author: A M M Maruf Hossain and Shafiqur Rahman
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Dhaka, mega-city, water management, urban planning, hydrology
Abstract: Dhaka has one of the fastest urban growth rates of the world with around 12 million people in 2006. It is located on extensive sub-continental floodplains of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra with average elevation of 6 m above mean sea level (MSL). It is surrounded by four rivers with well distributed steams, drainage channels, inland and open waters. Physiographical, spatial and temporal environments of these waters profoundly influence inhabitants ' life. Mass shrinkage has occurred during the last four decades due to encroachment and filling-up, man-made changes in elevation pattern and siltation with debris from urban development activities. Groundwater storage is on the verge of mass threat because of increasing pollution of surface waters. Water logging has become every-rainy season phenomenon due to unplanned urbanization. Development activities are required to enhance the water environments safe and sustained, and regulations are needed to be imposed to protect these environments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55551
Title: Biological denitrification of ground water using various carbon sources by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas stutzeri in a hetrotrophic denitrification reactor
Author: Archna, R C Sobti and S K Sharma
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Denitrification, heterophic denitrification reactor (HDR), trickling sand filter (TSF), solid natural carbon source
Abstract: A pilot plant study has been performed on biological removal of nitrate using heterotrophic denitrification reactor. The system behaviour has been analysed with the usage of - (i) three carbon sources (cotton, wheat straw and wood shavings), (ii) two microbial strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIM 5059 and Pseudomonas stutzeri NCIM 5136) and (iii) at different temperatures. An optimal operating mode for 90% nitrate removal has been achieved by Pseudomonas fluorescens with inlet nitrate concentration of 200 ppm, flow rate 2.5 ml/min, carbon source cotton, temperature 300C + 0.50C and for Pseudomonas stutuzeri at same process conditions but with the temperature of 400C + 0.50C. The feasibility of nitrate removal was also tested with carbon source as wood shavings and wheat straw.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55550
Title: Environmental auditing for sustainable development of Indian industries
Author: D P Tripathy
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Environmental audit, sustainable development, mining
Abstract: Environmental auditing is a process whereby an organization ' s environmental performance is tested against its environmental policies and objectives. Current environmental legislation, marketing requirements and community expectations reflect an increased awareness of the need to protect the environment that requires all aspects of the mining and allied industries to be undertaken in an environmentally responsible way. Environmental audits can help the industry to become environmentally responsible and demonstrate this responsibility to the community. Environmental auditing refers to the statement of assessment of environmental impact of an existing industry. It is a tool to assess the environmental management system, policy and equipment. The need to conduct an environmental audit varies for different organizations, as per the objectives of auditing. It is not available in the form of a readymade package, applicable to all situations. Thus, the procedure of environmental audit should be planned as per the objectives of auditing. It should be incorporated with other effective environmental tools like Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management System (EMS) for better results. Effective implementation of environmental auditing helps in minimization of environmental risks at low cost.
This paper discusses in detail the concepts and types of environmental audits, the different stages of audit processes and methodology for ensuring sustainable development of Indian industrial sectors. This also emphasizes on EA skills and audit protocols along with discussions on key audit techniques and their applicability in a developing country like India.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55549
Title: Study of groundwater quality in El-Kharga Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt
Author: H S Jahin and S E Gaber
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Groundwater evaluation, major ions, water type, El-Kharga, Egypt
Abstract: In El-Kharga Oasis, Egypt, the groundwater is considered the sole source for water and it is used for different purposes. The present paper tries to assess groundwater suitability for different uses in El-Kharga oasis. The goal is to evaluate the suitability of the selected groundwater wells for irrigation and drinking, define the water types and investigate possible long and short term impact on grounwater quality. Fifteen water samples were collected from different wells. Parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), temperature and other physical properties were recorded in the field. Major anions and cations were analysed in the laboratory. Chemical results suggest that the water type in the area varies predominantly from Na-HCO3, to Na-Cl (Piper diagram). According to the EC and SAR calculation (Wilcox diagram) the most dominant classes (C2-S1 and C3-S1) were found. Salinity hazard in 60% of water samples is regarded as medium while in 40% of water samples is classified as high. In respect of all evaluating criteria, groundwater of all the 15 wells can be safely used for irrigation and drinking purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55548
Title: An update on recent natural and man made disasters in Japan
Author: N Madhavan
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55547
Title: Microbial denitrification of ground water - batch study
Author: Archna, R C Sobti and S K Sharma
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Nitrate removal, biological denitrification, ratio of cotton consumed to nitrogen in nitrate removed
Abstract: Nitrate pollution of ground water is increasing alarmingly in various countries. Biological denitrification has been found as the most inexpensive and effective technique for nitrate removal. The present work involves batch studies for heterotrophic biological denitrification using cotton as the carbon source and Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIM 5059 and Pseudomonas stutzeri NCIM 5136 as the microbial strains. A maximum removal of 91.0 mg/l at 300C for the strain Pseudomonas fluorescens and 89.2 mg/l at 400C for the strain Pseudomonas stutzeri was observed for an initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/l. Both the organisms followed Monods Growth Kinetics with ?max values of 5.88 days-1 for Pseudomonas fluorescens and 5 days-1 for Pseudomonas stutzeri, respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55546
Title: Studies on pollution in river Chambal: Zooplankton in relation to water quality
Author: D P Singh
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Chambal river, physico-chemical factors, zooplankton, seasonal variation, diversity index
Abstract: Progressive increase of pollution at three sampling stations selected on river Chambal is indicated by the physico-chemical characteristics and zooplankton. A total of 25 genera of zooplankton are recorded from three stations with a maximum (22) at the least polluted station and the minimum (13) at highly polluted station. Keratella, Branchiomus, Filinia, Daphnia, Cyclops and Cypridopsis were found tolerant to different physico-chemical conditions. The diversity index was minimum (1.0 to 2.7) at highly polluted station and maximum (3.1 to 4.9) at the least polluted station.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55545
Title: Evaluation of unprocessed Municipal solid waste composition in different wards of Pallavaram in Pallavapuram Municipality area in Chennai
Author: N Raman and D Sathiya Narayanan
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Solid waste, Pallavaram, Pallavapuram Municipality, Chennai, compost
Abstract: A survey was conducted at different wards of Pallavaram in Pallavapuram municipality area located in Chennai for the purpose of identification of waste composition including physical and chemical characterization. The study was carried out continuously for a week in 10 different wards belonging to Pallavaram using ASTM D5231 - 92 92003) standard method and RCRA Waste Draft Technical Guidance. Manual sorting was used for classifying the collected unprocessed municipal solid wastes into the following categories like food, garden, glass, metal, paper, textile, rubber, plastic and inert materials and the study was carried out at the transfer stations. Metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium and copper of composite samples of solid waste were found and reported. The compost collected from the solid waste processed site was also analysed for chemical composition. All the elements were found within the range as per CPCB Schedule.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55544
Title: Effect of oxidative stress injury and antioxidant status in Malignancy
Author: Arpita Chatterjee and Gopeswar Mukherjee
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Antioxidant, C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation products, oxidative damage, malignancy, pollution
Abstract: Oxidative stress injury induced lipid peroxidation and the impairment of the antioxidant system has a potential role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Various pollutants like environmental toxicants and industrial wastages elevate the levels of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) with a decline in antioxidant status. During malignancy the level of antioxidant was low and LPP was more. The tissue damage (as evident from levels of C-reactive protein, CRP) in cancer patients was significantly higher. After radiation treatment the overall scenarios was altered as LPP and CRP level decreased and antioxidant level increased. Free radicals in the form of oxidative damage causes fatal diseases and oxyradical-induced cytotoxicity arises from both chronic and acute increases in reactive oxygen species, which give rise to subsequent lipid peroxidation. Antioxidants act as free radical scavengers and hence prevent and repair damage done by the free radicals.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55543
Title: Water quality status of Kabini river in and around Nanjudeswara temple in Nanjangud, Mysore
Author: J Mahadev, Syed Akheel Ahmed, Srikantaswamy and Satish S
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Pollution, water quality, physico-chemical parameter, Kabini river
Abstract: The physico-chemical, bacteriological and algal analysis was carried out to assess the water quality of Kabini river in and around Nanjudeswara temple in Nanjangud (Mysore) and the results are presented in this paper. Water quality of this holy place was found impaired with mass bathing and offerings made in this river, which cause organic pollution. Different physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were measured by standard method. From the obtained data, it is found that parameters like colour, turbidity, acidity, DO, BOD, COD, total bacterial count, coliform and E coli exceeds the permissible value for organized out door bathing use of water in this river, whereas other parameters were found within limits or below limits. Metal concentration in river water and algal were found higher in summer followed by winter and rainy seasons. In the present observation, there was significant metallic level in river water at effluent mixing zone, which directly correlates with metal concentration in algal species which may significantly reduce the biotic community and trophic level in river in ecosystem. Based on this study, this paper provides the scientific information to the concerned for the implementation of river restoration plan and conservation of water body.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55542
Title: Old coal mine workings shaping to cataclysm - A study at Jharia and Raniganj coalfields
Author: Amar Prakash and K B Singh
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Subsidence, rainfall, pot-hole, mine fire
Abstract: Cataclysm of underground old/abandoned coal mine workings is a sudden subsidence which occur in the form of trough/discontinuous and pot-hole subsidence with extensive cracks. Rainfall, illegal mining operations and underground mine fires are the causative factors of subsidence. This paper deals with the different causative factors of subsidence and their impact on surface over old workings with precautionary measures of Jharia and Raniganj coalfields.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55541
Title: Nickel recovery from spent Ni/Al2O3 catalysts using nitric acid solution
Author: Rachit Oza, Nikhil Shah and Sanjay Patel
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Spent catalyst, nickel nitrate, nickel recovery, leaching
Abstract: This study investigates the possibility of recovering nickel from the spent catalyst (Ni/Al2O3) used in the steam reforming process of a fertilizer industry. In the leaching process, nickel is recovered as nickel nitrate using nitric acid as a solvent. The effects of acid concentration, temperature, solid to liquid (S:L) ratio and reaction time on nickel recovery were examined. The 95% leaching efficiency of nickel from the spent catalysts having size between 1-2 mm was achieved at opitmized conditions: 40% acid concentration (v/v), temperatute 900C, solid:liquid ratio of 1:10 g/ml and leaching time 5 hour.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55540
Title: Oil-water separation from waste oily mixture by physical treatment
Author: V K Srivastava and Chintan Pathak
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Oily mixture, hazardous waste, phase separation, heat treatment, cost reduction
Abstract: A large amount of water is being used in the upstream, downstream and automobile industrial processes. Its huge fraction comes out as waste after getting contaminated by oil and other toxic substances. Solid wastes, especially oily mixture still remain a major environmental hazard, demanding safer disposal practices. Physical, chemical and biological treatment technologies are available in the environmental field. The need, is to cost effectively optimize these treatment technologies. In our study, we have adopted heat treatment as a physical treatment for oil-water separation. The aim is to reduce the disposal cost of waste oily mixture generated from an automobile industry. Heat treatment can be effectively used to this type of waste oily scum, as it gives much reduction in disposal cost, in short time, without creating much environmental as well as human health hazards. The study focuses on the optimization of time and temperature, to increase separation of oil-water mixture and to reduce the disposal cost.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55539
Title: Regionalization of storm duration for determining derived flood frequency curve: A case study for victoria in Australia
Author: Khaled Haddad and Ataur Rahman
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Design flood estimation, Monte Carlo simulation, regionalization , flood modelling, rainfall runoff modelling, design rainfall
Abstract: A holistic approach of design flood estimation such as the Monte Carlo simulation technique involves the simulation of thousands of storm and runoff events to determine a derived flood frequency curve. The implementation of such a technique requires the specification of the distributions of various input variables to the rainfall runoff model such as storm duration, storm intensity and initial and continuing losses. This paper presents a case study which focuses on the regionalization of the distribution of strom duration in the state of Victoria, Australia. This in particular compares the one-parameter exponentia and two-parameter Gamma distributions in approximating the distribution of storm duration from 91 pluviograph stations in Victoria. Based on the Kolmogorov - Smirnov and Anderson - Darling tests, it has been found that the two-parameter Gamma distribution provides a better fit to the storm duration data in Victoria than the one-parameter exponential distribution. The application of the fitted Gamma distribution in the Monte Carlo simulation technique for generating flood frequency curves shows that this approximates the observed flood frequency curves for the selected test catchments quite well. The methodology presented in this paper can be adapted to other states fo Australia or other countries, in particular where a sufficient quantity of continuous rainfall and stream flow data are available. This would particularly be useful in hydrological study of the important/large water infrastructure projects.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55538
Title: Recovery and utilization of sulphur dioxide from exhaust flue gases to control SO2 emission at thermal power plant, Rajasthan
Author: Arun Kumar Sharma, Shveta Acharya and Rashmi Sharma
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 3, July 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Flue gases, sulphur dioxide, sodium hydroxide, thermal power
Abstract: SO2 is a major constituent in air pollution. Pet coke (having 5% sulphur) with lime stone are being used for power generation in thermal power plants. Sulphur dioxide is produced during combustion of fuels containing sulphur and affects the environment in number of ways like acid rain corrosion and severe damage to health. Flue gas desulphurization (FGD) is the technique used for removal of SO2 from exhaust flue gases in power plants. IN accordance with the invention, flue gases containing sulphur dioxide are passed through a solution which was rich with sodium ions to produce sulphate by using SO2 monitoring kit of So2 measurement.
To find the optimum temperature of absorption of SO2 in NaOH solution, the study was carried out at various temperatures. As is clear from Table 2 it is 20-25 0C which is the most appropriate for the maximum absorption of SO2 by NaOH solution. Similar sets of experiments were carried out by varying the time intervals for absorption of SO2 by NaOH solution. As in shown in Table 4 the increased absorption of SO2 is observed with increase in tiem intervals.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None