ID: 55567
Title: A review on the role of microorganisms in treatment of paper and pulp industry effluent
Author: Fatench Bajoul Kakahi, Satish Kulkarni and G R Pathade
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Paper and pulp industry, wastewater treatment, microorganisms, colour removal
Abstract: The pulp and paper industries produce large amount of toxic and strongly coloured waste effluents, causing severe water pollution. This paper is the state of the art review of microorganisms for pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment and presentation of available treatment processes. A comparison of most usable treatment processes is presented. Fungal treatment is found to be efficient in colour removal. Combination of anaerobic and aerobic treatment processes are considered to be efficient in removal of soluble biodegradable organic pollutants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55566
Title: Bacterial decolourisation of Diazo monochlorotriazine fibre reactive dyes under optimized physico-chemical conditions
Author: Naresh V Butani, Nilesh D Pandya, Priti R Parmar and Piyush V Desai
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: bacterial decolourisation, fibre reactive dyes, Azo monochlorotriazine, Enterobacter gergoviae
Abstract: Large volumew of effluent are generated at different stages of textile manufacturing as a result of the use of copious amounts of dyes. Several tons of textiles, required to meet up with societal demands, are produced daily in this industry. Azo monochlorotriazine (MCT) fibre reactive dyes, an important class of dyes, are commonly used to dye cellulosic fibres and appear in wastewater due to their lower fixation on fibre. Coloured textile water requires efficient treatment before its discharge. An efficient dye decolourising Gram negative bacterial strain of Enterobacter gergoviae was isolated from coloured textile effluent after enrichment of sample. Biodecolourisation study of reactive red 141 and reactive red 120 was carried out in Bushnell Hass medium where dyes were used as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Various parameters like addition of carbon source, nitrogen source, pH and temperature, were optimized for maximum decolorization of dyes. Up to 95% of dye decolorization was observed when dye was used as source of carbon and ntirogen. Addition of glucose and urea enhanced the rate of decolorization at pH 7 and 310C. These findings show that isolated Enterobacter gergoviae could be effectie for the treatment of dye-containing industrial effluents.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55565
Title: Action of C-phycocyanin pigment and cell extracts of Tolypothrix sps. on the biochemical activity of Eri silkworm and their antifunal activity
Author: B Digamber Rao, G Shamitha, G Renuka and Ma Ramesh Babu
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: C-phycocyanin, Tolypothrix sps, Antifungal activity, biochemical activity, eri silkworm
Abstract: Soil samples were collected from different agro-climatic regions of north Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. Sterilized nitrogen free BG-11 medium was used for isolation of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria. Antifungal activity of four strains of Tolypothrix were studied. Methanolic extracts from biomass of selected Cyanobacteria were isolated and screened against four strains of fungi (Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus). The growth of all fungal strains tested were inhibited by the culture extracts and C-phycocyanin. Bioassay studies of Eri silkworm expressed no symptoms of ill-health after feeding the C - phycocyanin treated castor leaves (Ricinus cummunis) and body weight and silk gland weight were also increased compared to control sample. The present study is also envisaged on the impact of phycocyanin of Tolypothrix species on the carbohydrate content and amylase activity in Eri silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini). According to the obtained results it is concluded that extracts from Tolypothrix sp. could be used traditionally in the treatment of microbial infections and also for the increase of carbohydrate and amylase activity in the silkworm under investigation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55564
Title: Studies on distribution of calcium and magnesium in coastal waters of Gopalpur, West of Bengal
Author: T Padmavathi, S N Padhy and K C Sahu
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Chlorinity, salinity, calcium, magnesium, coasal waters of Gopalpur, Bay of Bengal
Abstract: The seasonal variability in the concentration of calcium and magnesium in coastal waters of Gopalpur, Bay of Bengal has been studied from March 2007 to February 2008. Salinity ranged between 19.48 and 34.44 ppt with an average value of 30.13 ppt. The calcium concentration varied from 0.313-0.451 g/kg with an average of 0.386 g/kg and magnesium from 0.673-1.423 g/kg with an average 1.132 g/kg. The Ca/Cl ratio and Mg/Cl ratio ranged from 0.019 - 0.038 and 0.057 - 0.078 respectively. The concentration of calcium and magnesium was found to be higher in bottom water than the surface water. The ratio of Ca and Mg with chlorinity is proximity to the oceanic range. They were found to be lower in bottom water than the surface due to low saline surface water. The low range of variability of these in coastal waters indicates the insignificant inputs from extraneous sources. The average concentration of calcium and magnesium does not show much variability which reflects on the water quality parameters of Gopalpur coast.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55563
Title: Effect of soybean on levels of LH, FSH and Testosterone hormones and testis in adult male mice
Author: Mehrdad Modaresi, M Messripour and Hormat Khorami
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Soybean, phytoestrogen, reproductive physiology, male adult mice
Abstract: Soybean is a member of Fabaceae and a species of legume native to east Asia. It is an annual plant that has been used in China for 5000 years as a food and a component of drugs. Soy contains significant amount of all the essential amino acids for humans and so is a good source of protein. Soy has an important role in improvement and treatment of some cancers such as colon, prostrate and breast. A total of male mice with 30-35 g weight were bought from Razi Institute in Iran. At first the samples were kept under adaptation condition for two weeks and then randomly grouped into 4 experimental sections as : 1- control group were feed with soy-free basic diet. 2-Nutrition containing 20% soy diet. 3-Nutrition containing 30% soy diet. 4-Nutrition containing 50% soy diet. At the end of 8 weeks of treatment blood was collected and serum stored for hormonal analysis. Results were computed with SPSS software and compared with control group. In 20% group the level of testosterone has meaningful decrease in comparison with control group, but in 50% group the level of testosterone has meaningful increase. Levels of LH in 30% and 50% groups have a meaningful increase but no significant difference was observed in FSH and weight of testicles. The number of sperms in all of the treatments have a meaningful decrease. The result of this research indicated that the 20, 30 and 50 percent soy diet had negative effect on male reproductive system in mice.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55562
Title: Effects of main chemical compounds in cooking oil fume condensates (COFCs) on growth of Salvinia natans (L. ) All.: II. Hexadecane
Author: Shengnan Zhu, Yawen Wu, Guangjun Wen, Weirong Bai, Zhongshi Hao and Huyin Huai
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: COFCs, Hexadecane, Pollution, Salvinia natans, Vegetative growth
Abstract: Hexadecane is one of the main chemical compounds in Cooking Oil Fume COndensates (COFCs), which has been proved to influence the vegetative growth of Salvinia natans (L). All. significantly. Its effects on the growth of S. natans were studied by using statitic toxicity testing method in this paper. The results showed that relative growth rate (RGR), leaves, buds and stems of S. natans were inhibited significantly when exposed to higher concentrations. Hexadecane could accelerate the leaves of S. natans becoming yellow or decomposed. Biomass went doen with the increase of hexadecane concentrations. The LC50 on day 4 and day 12 after treatment were 275 mg/L and 244 mg/L, respectively. Hexadecane had no effect on the pH value and conductivity of the cultivation medium. It can be concluded that hexadecane would significantly affect the vegetative growth of S. natans. , and S. natans is sensitive to hexadecane that might be useful as an indicator of hexadecane pollution in freshwater.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55561
Title: Biochemical changes during lead (Pb) uptake by the alga Pithophora
Author: N H Brahmabhatt and Rinku V Patel
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Pithophora sp, bioremediation, lead uptake, biochemical changes
Abstract: Current technologies for cleaning heavy metal contaminated sites like electrolytic, chemical leaching and in situ immobilization are all extremely expensive and questionable effective. Bioremediation like the use of algal extract, sequester and /or detoxify heavy metals and other pollutants may offer a cost-effective, less invasive and potentially more effective means of addressing existing heavy metal contamination than those currently practiced. The alga Pithophora accumulated high amounts of the heavy metal lead. Under simulated conditions, maximum uptake and bioaccumulation of lead occurred within 6 days. The phytotoxic concentrations of lead reduced chlorophylls, protein, proline, sugar and catalase content and increased the peroxidase activity in the alga.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55560
Title: Correlation between physicochemical water parameters using regression analysis: A case study of river Ram ganga at Moradabad, India
Author: Animesh Agarwal, Manish Saxena and Megha Agarwal
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Environmental assessment, water quality, river water, correlation coefficient, physicochemical parameters, regression equation, scatter diagram
Abstract: A study was carried out in river Ram Ganga (India) to assess the extent of pollution by different industrial and domestic activities. Water samples were collected from river Ram Ganga at six sites and analysed for acidity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) during summer, winter and rainy season. The collected data subjected to statistical analysis and some good correlation between parameters is established. Regression equations also established between above parameters to predict the level of contamination of river Ram Ganga. The present study gives us a tool to find the value of physicochemical parameters and extent of pollution theoretically, which is not only time saving but also cost effective.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55559
Title: Softening of hard water by Bentonite mineral
Author: Ashok Kumar Jha, Arun Kumar Jha, Arun Kumar Mishra, Vineeta Kumari and B Mishra
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Bentonite minerals, ion exchange, hardness
Abstract: The paper reports and discusses the results of removal of hardness by Bentonite minerals. Hybridised IX-fibres that contain dispersed hydrated ferric oxide (HFO) nano particles have also been reported for removal of hardness. Locally available bentonite minerals generally consist of montmorillonite. Besides useful adsorbent of ions in solution, bentonite is known for ion exchange. Bentonite is mixed well with water sample and time is allowed for ion exchange to take place. As a result calcium ion is exchanged. This ion exchange process here has been recognized for softening of water or benign removal of hardness. The particle size is of 0.3 m prepared in the laboratory. The main constituents of bentonic minerals are alumina, silica, iron oxide and oxides of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The bentonites have been found to be a natural exchanger. The cation exchange capacity of bentonite minerals may be attributed to the lattice structure as the clay minerals contain anions and cations in the exchangeable state. The bentonite minerals of 0.3 m size has been studied with different doses up to a certain interval of time and with fixed to different interval of time. The experiments were done by simple titration with N/50 HCl using methyl orange as an indicator.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55558
Title: Soundscape of Bhadrak town, India: An analysis from road traffic noise perspective
Author: Shreerup Goswami
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Road traffic, soundscape, noise pollution, Bhadrak
Abstract: The road traffic noise environment in Bhadrak, one of the district head quarters of Orissa in terms of standard noise indices, community response and community health effects are worked out in the present study. Noise pollution is analysed in five different squares (road sections) to assess the sound scape of the town. The sources of noise at the studied sites are predominantly attributable to motor vehicular traffic. Taking the tolerated noise level of 70 dB (A) during the day time on the main roads as standard for United Kingdom and many other European countries, in absence of regulation regarding permissible level for road traffic noise in India. the noise levels of all the five investigated locations were found to be beyond permissible limit during day time. Noise produced from cargo carrying trucks, bus, Bolero, trekker, motor cycle, tractor, dumper, tempo, ranges from 103.2 - 123.4, 101.2 - 118.3, 96.8 - 115.5, 98.3 - 113.2, 92.5-110.2, 106.4 - 116.5, 101.2 -119.6 and 05.5 - 114.7 respectively. Thus, the contributions of individual vehicles towards noise pollution were found to be more than the road traffic noise-limit, i.e., 70 dB (A). A preliminary survey adopting questionnaire method amongst 256 local inhabitants has also been carried out to gather information about the suffering of people. The direct impacts include sleep disturbance, loss of concentration, annoyance and irritation, hypertension, high blood pressure, cardiovascular problem, restlessness, depression, fatigue and mental stress etc.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55557
Title: Assessment of heavy metal contamination and its indexing approach for pond water in Angul district, Orissa, India
Author: Rizwan Reza and Gurdeep Singh
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Pond water, seasonal variation, heavy metal pollution index
Abstract: The study was carried out in Angul - Talcher region f Orissa to investigate the metal contamination in various ponds. In order to achieve the objective, fourteen water samples were collected from ponds during summer and winter seasons. The concentrations of trace metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Hg and Zn were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The obtained data is used for calculating the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) to know the existing water quality status of ponds. The maximum value of HPI was 79.01 and 63.83 in summer and winter season respectively, which is below the critical index limit of 100. Hg and Cr could not be detected in any sample of the study area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55556
Title: Bioconversion of poultry and fish waste by Lucilia sericata and Sarcophaga carnaria larvae
Author: Braverman Yehuda, Uri Marchaim, Larisa Glatman, Vladimir Drabkin, Alexey Chizov - Ginzburg, Kosta Y Mumcuoglu and Alexander Gelman
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Lucilia sericata, Sarcophaga carnaria, bioconversion, poultry and fish waste, Israel
Abstract: Agricultural, industrial, and household waste contaminates the environment, disrupts the food chain, and spreads infectious diseases. Fly larvae digest animal waste, and in so doing significantly reduce their volume and convert the waste to materials that can be used as food additives and fertilizers for organic farming. Larvae of L. sericata and S. carnaria were efficient in reducing the mass of poultry and fish waste by 2.5 - 5.5 fold. The average yield of larvae reared on fish and poultry waste was approximately 304 g, while the bioconversion rate ranged between 16.6 and 39.6%. Water and undigested waste accounted for 60% - 77% of the larvae and pupae body mass, while protein followed by fat and carbohydrate were the most important components. Representatives of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Micrococcus and sulfite-reducing Clostridia species were isolated from the waste products as well as from the larvae and pupae of both flies used. The weights of striped bass fed with standard fish food supplemented with larvae increased slightly, when compared to those fed on standard food alone. The species of fly, the number of eggs, the type of waste material used and its chemical composition affected the bioconversion rate, the yield of fly larvae, and the waste mass reduction. Fly larvae and their byproducts could be used beneficially as a supplement for animal food for the poultry and fish industry, as well as reducing the quantity of waste.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55555
Title: Analysis of bacteriological quality of drinking water samples from Cherthala Taluk, Kerala, India
Author: R Pratap Chandran, K Kiran, Dibu Divakaran and P K Prajisha
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, most probable number, coliforms, heterophilic plant count
Abstract: Microbial flora of water plays a major role in determining quality of potable water. In the present study a comparative analysis is carried out on the microbial population of drinking water samples from wells and municipal water collected from eight locations of Cherthala taluk, Kerala state, for the presence of coliforms, Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella typhi in two different seasons. i.e., summer and monsoon. The pH of the water samples collected ranged from 6.3 to 6.8. The results showed thaf in summer, 87.5% of the total samples were positive for E. coli, 87.5% positive for Salmonella typhi and 25% positive for Vibrio cholerae among tap water samples, and in well water 62.5% of the total samples were positive for E. coli, 37.5% positive for Salmonella typhi and 12.5% positive for Vibrio cholerae. In contrast, during monsoon, among well water samples only 37.5% of the total samples were positive for E. coli, 12.5% positive for Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae were absent. Among tap water samples in monsoon only 12.5% of the total samples were positive for E. coli, 25% positive for Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae were absent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55554
Title: Assessing drought scenario over India during monsoon 2009 - An approach based on standardized precipitation index
Author: Jayanta Sarkar, Satyajit Datre, Ganesh Thorat, S K Gore and Ajit Tyagi
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Drought, SPI, monsoon 2009
Abstract: An attempt has been made in this study to assess drought scenario over India during monsoon 2009, the latest drought of India, employing Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Monthly rainfall data, for more than hundred years, for the 36 meteorological subdivisions as well as the country as a whole have been used in the analysis. The study brought out drought scenario over the country in different time scales. SPI for June indicated a gruesome picture of drought when out of 36 only 5 sub-divisions did not suffer from any drought. Thoug the drought scenario improved in July yet in the subsequent months of August and Sepetember the picture became grim. SPI of (June + July), (July + August), (June + July + August) and (June + July +August + September) revealed the continued grim picture of drought during monsoon 2009. SPI, analysed for the individual sub-divisions falling in different homogenous regions, revealed that the usually surplus sub-divisions of northeast India were worst hit by drought, whereas in the drought prone Saurashtra and Kutch in northwest India drought was minimal.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55553
Title: Well drinking water fluoride content and dental fluorosis in Al-butana region of Central Sudan
Author: Hago M Abdel-Magid, Abdelmonem M Abdellah and Nadia A Yahia
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2011
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 8, No 4, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Groundwater fluoride distribution, dental fluorosis, Al-Butana region, Sudan
Abstract: In this study the F- ion concentration levels of 209 well water samples belonging to previous construction analysis (CA) and a total of 121 well water samples belonging to the current study (CS) in Al-Butana region of Central Sudan were investigated and located (mapped) using the geographical information system (GIS). The GIS-map indicates that the majority of F-levels rangig between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/l dominates the northern part of the study area and the levels below 0.5 mg/l dominates the southern part of the study area whereas the levels above 1.5 mg/l are limited and are scattered, randomly, throughout the study area.
The results obtained revealed considerable spatial variations in the occurrence of fluoride even within the same community area, F- levels ranging between 0.0 and 6 mg/l were found in boreholes drilled in Rufaa ' Town. The majority of the investigated boreholes viz., 39.71% and 42.98% wer efoudn having F- levels below 0.5 mg/l whereas only 0.96% adn 3.3% were found beyound the level of 2.5 mg/l, for the CA and CS, respectively. The wide range of F- levels (from 0 to 7 mg/l in the CA and from 0 to 2.6 mg/l in the CS) revealed the variability in the spatial distribution of F- in the study area. 94.26% and 88.43% of the groundwater samples were found below the maximum recommended level of 1.5 mg/l set for F- in drinking water by each of SSMO (2002) whereas only 5.75% and 11.58% were found in excess of this level, for the CA and CS, respectively. The decrease in the mean value of F- in the investigated boreholes from 1.4 mg/l in the CA analysis to 0.6 mg/l in the CS analysis, indicates that F- levels in the investigated boreholes has the tendency to decrease during pumping. Mottled teeth are widely observed among residents in the study area in spite of fluoride compliancy to SSMO standards. Therefore, dental fluorosis, in the study area, is not unlikely to occur.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None