ID: 55582
Title: Characterization of the soils of lower Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh, India
Author: Ratan Chand Sharma and Shivani Dogra
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Lower Himalayas, Soil analysis, characterization of soil, micronutrients
Abstract: Lower Shivalik hills are the part of Himalayas extending in the areas of lower Himachal Pradesh. These hills cover an area of about 55,673 sq.km with four districts of Himachal Pradesh. Forty soil samples were collected both from hilly and plain soils covering about 14,799 km. The chemical characteristics such as pH, organic matter, potassium and zinc, copper, iron and manganese were analysed. The soil in the hill regions shows greater pH changes than in plains. Micronutrients and organic carbon contents were higher in plains thus the soil was more appropriate for cash crops.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55581
Title: Characterization and treatment of Grey water for recycling
Author: Nidhi Poonia and M K Jat
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Treatment of grey water, recycling, sand filter
Abstract: This study is aimed to evaluate the characteristics of grey water in MNIT Jaipur campus The grey water from kitchen water, laundry water, bath water, wash basin water and the compositer water was passed through a sand filter model which was fabricated. Turbidity removal percentage was 81%. Total alkalinity was 865.7 mg/L. TDS was also found to be high in laundry water with the average value of 4237.8 ppm. Bath water showed the highest concentration of chloride in the feed water with average value being 62.55 mg/L. The product water was found to improve continually over the duration of testing.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55580
Title: Characteristics of hazards of coke-oven gas and blast furnace gas- A case study
Author: Biswajit Ruj
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Hazardous industries, coke-oven gas, blast furnace gas, fire hazards, heat flux
Abstract: Industrial disaster can strike at any time, but the Bhopal gas tragedy remains a catastrophe with no parallel. It is, till date, the worst industrial disaster in the history of mankind. Fire hazards of coke-oven gas and blast furnace gas lead to fatal consequences. This paper highlights some salient features of the fire hazards scenarios from a coke-oven storage tank and blast furnace storage tank, which ultimately lead to jet-fire/flare with enormous heat wave all around and their consequence analysis with affected areas. Damage distances have been calculated using Complex Hazardous Air Release Model (CHARM) software and it has been observed from the study that there may be 100% fatality within a radius of 350m for the coke-oven storage tank, and 283 m from blast furnace storage tank.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55579
Title: Study of the preliminary phytochemistry, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Gymnema sylvestre R Br
Author: Meena Thomas Irimpan, C I Jolly and D Sheela
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Gymnema sylvestre R Br, Phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity
Abstract: The medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre R Br is known for its antidiabetic potential. Preliminary phytochemical screening of stem and leaf samples of the herb showed positive test for flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, phenols, saponins, sterols and terpanoids. The ash value is below the prescribed limit according to Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia. Antimicrobial activity was checked using agar well diffusion method. Water methanol and ethanol extracts showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus subtilis is sensitive to hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts. The gram negative bacteria were resistant to the extracts. The antioxidant potential was assessed by DPPH assay method. The results provide evidence that Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract might indeed be potential source of free radical scavenger.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55578
Title: Effect of zinc and mercury on lysosomal membrane stability of the ish Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters)
Author: L P Rema
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Heavy metals, Oreochromis mossambicus, Lysosomal membrane, Lysosomal enzyme
Abstract: Lysosomal enzyme release assay technique was carried out in the fish Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to mercury, a non-essential heavy metal, and zinc, an essential heavy metal. Mercury has an initial stabilizing effect on the lysosomal membrane followed by a progressive labilization indicating that sequestration of mercury by lysosomes, which relieves the biochemical machinery from the toxic effects, is efficient only up to a certain limit. Thereafter, the detoxifying machinery becomes ineffective resulting in the decline of the structure linked latency of lysosomal enzymes. On exposure to zinc, an initial labilization is seen probably due to the delayed onset of operation of the detoxifying mechanisms against this essential metal. Continued exposure to zinc stabilizes the membrane either by binding to the structural components or by inhibiting metal catalysed lipid peroxidation. Lysosomal enzyme release assay (LERA) is, thus, effective as a sensitive index of heavy metal stress and can be applied as a biochemical warning of environmental alterations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55577
Title: Kigelia africana fruit carbon as a low cost adsorbent for removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution
Author: Harminder Kaur, Radhe Shyam and R Amutha
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Kigelia africana fruit carbon, Copper adsorption, Langmuir adsorption, isotherm
Abstract: Fruit of Kigelia africana tree is cylindrical and weigh approximately 2.5 kg. A mature tree produces hundreds of frutis every year but not used for any purpose, and hence a waste material in this region. Heating dried fruit powder with 1:1 sulphuric acid at 1100C for 24 h has resulted in carbonaceous material which showed marked adsorption properties. Copper (II) adsorption capacity of this Kigelia africana fruit powder carbon material (KAFP) was found to be 21.74 mg/L and almost 90% removal was achieved by treating 100mg of adsorbent material in 100 mL (10 mg/L ) of Cu(II) solution. Adsorption data fitted well into Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. Metal uptake was maximum at pH 7 and almost negligible at much lower pH values.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55576
Title: Leachate characterization and assessment of groundwater pollution near Municipal Solid Waste landfill site
Author: Pavithra S Reddy and N Nandini
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Solid waste landfill, leachate, groundwater pollution
Abstract: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation, treatment and disposla are, both economic and environmental problem of concern, for the urban communities, especially in fast population exploding countries like India. The insanitary methods adopted for disposal of solid wastes are, therefore, a serious health concern. The poorly maintained landfill sites are prone to groundwater contamination because of leachate production. The leachate from the dump is allowed to stagnate in a ditch to the dump and slowly finds its way into surface and groundwater aquifers. The present work aims to determine the effects of solid waste on groundwater quality those close to refuse dumps sited within and around Mavallipura in Bangalore city. Over the years all drinking water sources in the vicinity have been adversely affected, and the threat looms large of contaminating the groundwater which is the major source of drinkign water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55575
Title: An evaluation of physico-chemical properties to asses well water quality in some areas of Ernakulam district, Kerala, India
Author: M P Subin and V A Aneesha
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Well water quality, drinking water, BIS standards
Abstract: Five samples of home well water from various regions and one sample of water from Kerala Water Authority of Ernakulam district were collected and assessment of physico-chemical properties was made to see whether these water sources are satisfying the standards of drinking water. Parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, colour, odour, taste, turbidity, total hardness, total alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, calcium, chlorides, magnesium, sulphates, iron and nitrates were analysed. The investigation reveals that with the exception of water sample collected from Kerala Water Authority, all the home well waters have water quality problems. Therefore, it indicates that all the samples of home well waters in the present study was undesirable or otherwise unfit for human consumption.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55574
Title: Water quality assessment of Kishanpura dam, Baran, Rajasthan, India
Author: M K Jain, L K Dadhich and S K Kalpana
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Kishanpura dam, Water quality, % Na, SAR, ESP, RSC, permeability index
Abstract: Considering the impacts of agricultural runoff, domestic and industrial effluents on the quality of many dams and rivers as cited in literature, a physico-chemical study regarding water quality assessment of Kishanpura dam has been carried out to indicate the irrigation suitability of water. In the present study, physico-chemical parameters like pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, carbonate and bicarbonate were estimated to evaluate sodium percentage (%Na), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) and Permeability Index (PI). The data show that water is suitable for irrigation and classified as fit for irrigation purpose.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55573
Title: Influence of water quality on composition and seasonal abundance of phytoplankton community in Thol wetland, Gujarat, India
Author: Nirmal Kumar J I, Yamini Verma, Rita N Kumar and Manishita Das
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Thol wetland, phytoplankton, water quality, trophic status
Abstract: The study deals with water quality parameters affecting the composition, seasonal abundance and dominance of phytoplankton in a wetland, Thol Bird Sanctuary, Central Gujarat, India. Hydrochemical parameters of water samples were analysed during September 2007 to August 2009. Monthly variation of water quality parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, phosphate, sulphate and nitrate were investigated during the study period. Nutrients like chloride, phosphate, sulphate and nitrate were found higher during summer and lower during monsoon months in both the years. 102 phytoplankton taxa were identified of which Cyanophyta represented by 44 species, constituted the largest group, followed by Bacillariophyta by 25 species, Chlorophyta by 23 species and Euglenophyta by 10 species. Remarkable seasonal variation in mean density of Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta was observed during the study period. Chlorophyta members were present in reasonable numbers throughout the study period, being most abundant in post monsoon and winters. Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta populations showed less seasonal variations except a noticeable increased in density of Euglenophyta in summer 2009. The interrelationship between the hydrochemical properties and phytoplankton assemblages and influence of water quality parameters were investigated by adopting statistical correlation coefficient analysis and linear curves. The hierarchial cluster analysis was used to define biologically distinct regions within the wetland based on the composition of phytoplankton.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55572
Title: Assemblages of marine polychaete genus Glycera (Phyllodocida: Glyceridae) along the Kerala Coast as an indicator of organic enrichment
Author: J Jean Jose, P Udayakumar, M P Deepak, B R Rajesh, K Narendra Babu and A Chandran
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Arabian sea, sediment texture, polychaete genus Glycera, organic enrichment indicator
Abstract: The seasonal distribution of the polychaete genus Glycera was studied, especially in relation to the textural characteristics of sediments along the south-west Kerala caost of India. Statistical analysis pointed towards the preference of Glycera sp in sediments rich in silt, clay, sand and organic carbon relating to their role as an indicator of organic enrichment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55571
Title: Conservation and management of salt water crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) in relation to some physico-chemical parameters from Bhitarkanika Sanctuary, Orissa
Author: Lakshman Nayak and Pragnya Padhi
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bhitarkanika sanctuary, Mangrove forest, saltwater crocodile, conservation
Abstract: Bhitarkanika is the second largest mangrove forest of India, situated in the East Coast of Orissa. It stretches over an area of 672 sq. km inhabiting several flora and fauna. The rare and endangered species like salt water crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) is found in Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary. The salt water crocodile breeding centre started from 1976 with 24 number of crocodiles. Within 36 years of its existence, the salt water crocodiles have reached up to 1610 during 2009-10. The water temperature of the sanctuary varied from 27.60C to 36.100C and air temperature from 27.30C to 350C. The pH value ranged from 6.7 to 9.2. Salinity fluctuated from 8.1to 31.2 ppt. The dissolved oxygen concentration ranged from 5.1 to 9.9 mL/L. The highest percentage of population of saltwater crocodile result was +26.58% in the year 1999-2000 and the lowest percentage was - 6.70% in the year 2004-05. Though, there is an increase in the crocodile population over the years, it is not quite statisfactory. Therefore, it is our obligatory duty to conserve the rare and endangered species of salt water crocodile and tomake proper managment plan for increase in its population in Bhitarkanika sanctuary.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55570
Title: Impact of three different types of aeration units on limnology and fish fauna in a eutrophic tropical wetland, lower lake, Bhopal, India
Author: Praveen Tamot, Sadhna Tamot and Ashu Awasthi
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: aeration, eutrophication, limnology, fish fauna, lower lake
Abstract: In Bhopal, more than twenty five water bodies are present in and around the city, most of which are under great environmental stress due to multiple anthropogenic activities. The Upper Lake and Lower Lake, jointly known as Bhoj-Wetland (Ramsar Site), are situated in heart of the city and also the lifeline for the citizens of Bhopal. Lower Lake is eutrophicated due to mixing of domestic sewage, slums and human intervention in fringe areas, huge growth of aquatic macrophytes, idol immersion and removal of oxygenated surface water through waste weir etc. Due to these anthropogenic activities, sometimes anaerobic conditions were also reported in hypolimnion region causing mass mortality of fish fauna before installation of aeration units. The catchment area of Lower Lake is 9.6 km2 with water spread area 1.3 km2. For improving water quality and oxygenation of lake water three types of aeration units were installed under Bhoj Wetland Conservation and Management Programme: they are (i) Floating Fountain (ii) Ozoniser and (iii) Floating Fountain cum ozoniser. For performance and evaluation of these differenet types of aeration units parameters such as pH, alkalinity, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate and fish fauna were taken. On basis of the observations all three types of aeration untis are effective for management of Eutrophication and improving water quality, however, floating fountain cum ozoniser is most effective for over all improvement in water quality of the lake and creating better environment for fish survival and fish growth.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55569
Title: Monitoring of railway traffic pollution and health effects on exposed population
Author: Kailas F Khairnar, S T Ingle, Nilesh D Wagh and Lalit T Ingale
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Railway traffic pollution, particulate matter, health effects, pulmonary function test, spirometer
Abstract: India ' s transport system is one of the largest transport systems serving the land mass of 3.3 million square km and a population of over one billion. Indian Railways has one of the largest and busiest rail networks in the worls. The present study was undertaken to monitor and study the health effects on exposed population the world. The present study was undertaken to monitor and study the health effects on exposed population of railway transportation on lung function of the workers, spirometric analysis was conducted. Significant declines in forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were observed in the exposed population as compared to expected values. This study reveals reduced lung efficiency of exposed group due to excessive exposure to fine dust emitted at workplace environment. Group of coolie is most vulnerable group to respiratory impairment whereas group of RPF shows less among all the groups. The impairment in lung efficiency was increased with duration of exposure in the exposed population. It is recommended to use the personal protective equipment like nose mask and installation the dust collector equipments in the affected areas. Also tree plantation is advised on either sides of the tracks. All workplaces of the groups should introduce the dust exhaust system wherever possible. A regular health check up and awareness campaign is necessary to mitigate the problem.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55568
Title: Optimization of conditions for naphthalene biodegradation
Author: Varsha K Vaidya and Sharmila Kadam
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, napthalene, biodegradation, soil microcosm, immobilization
Abstract: Degradation of naphthalene by Burkholderia glathei, Alcaligenes denitrificans and Pseudomonas putida was optimized with respect to various environmental factors such as pH, temperature, salinity and addition of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Maximum growth and biodegradation occurred at 1.0% of naphthalene at 300C, pH 8.0 and 1.5% salinity. Addition of various nitrogen sources such as urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride as well as phosphorus sources such as KH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 resulted in an increased rate of biodegradation. A carbon to nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 93:10:0.09 yielded maximum degradation of naphthalene. The application of the naphthalene degraders in abatement of pollution caused by napthalene was studied in soil microcosm. The usefulness of immobilization technique for bioremediation showed encouraging results.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None