ID: 55597
Title: Removal of Methylene blue from aqueous solution by a novel nonporous carbonaceous sorbent derived from sucrose
Author: Zhang Deyi, Ma Ying, Feng Huixia, Wang Yi and Hao Yuan
Editor: Chen Yong and Wu Feng
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15(2), June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Carbonaceous sorbent, sucrose, methylene blue, adsorption
Abstract: In this paper, the possibiltiy of the utilization of a novel nonporous carbonaceous sorbent (NCS) derived from sucrose for removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of experimental parameters, namely, pH, contact time and inital MB concentration for MB removal were studied. Equilibrium data were mathematically modelled using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption models to describe the equilibrium isotherms at different temperature. It was found that the Langmuir equation fit better than the Freundlich equation. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (Qm) calculated at different temperatures (298, 308 and 318 K) was 522.44, 787.96 and 914.77 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters and spectroscopy evidences of the adsorption process indicated that the adsorption of MB onto NSC was endothermic and physical in nature. Comparing with other sorbents reported in the literature, the reported sorbent exhibited more effective and could be used as a potential substitute of activated carbon for organic dye removal from waste water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55596
Title: A new guide to microchemical techniques for the identification of lichen substances
Author: F J White and P W James
Editor: None
Year: 1985
Publisher: British Lichen Society, 1985
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: A new guide to microchemical techniques for the identification of lichen substances
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55595
Title: A Key to the Microlichens of India, Nepal and Sri Lanka
Author: Dharani Dhar Awasthi
Editor: Dr V Wirth, Stuttgart and Prof Dr J Poelt
Year: 1991
Publisher: J. Cramer, 1991
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: A Key to the Microlichens of India, Nepal and Sri Lanka
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55594
Title: Effectively of vehicular banning and its reflection in disease incidence in Kolkata
Author: Ayan Chandra, Gaurav Saha, Sayantan Goswami, Anwesha Saha, Soumi Sinha Roy, Payel Ganguly, Avishek Ghosh, Kaveri Banerjee, Radhika Saraf, Arpita Banerjee and Arup Kr. Mitra
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Old vehicle ban in Kolkata, Air pollution, respiratory diseases, Lung cancer, Cardiovascular diseases
Abstract: Kolkata is one of the most polluted cities of the world. The city has been plaqued by one of the most prominent pollution problems of the world, the air pollution. The time period of 2000-2008 saw a huge number of vehicles hitting Kolkata ' s streets, which has lead to a significant increase in air pollution. Realising this, the Supreme court has decided to impose a ban on the vehicles, which are more than 15-year old. The ban was imposed finally on 1st August, 2009. It was thought that this ban would result in substantial reduction of pollution, but the reduction in SPM, RPM, SOx and NOx could not be achieved to the desired level. A statistical analysis through bar diagrams, box-plots and ANOVA was performed to compare the different type of pollutants to determine whether the ban on the old vehicles was effective or not. The winter season of the year 2010 saw the values of SPM (383.1 ?g/m3)and RPM (184.4 ?g/m3) returning almost to the same level as before the ban. In fact, the values went higher than the levels of 2008 (SPM - 302.4 ?g/m3, RPM - 145.3 ?g/m3) and 2009 (SPM - 334.3 ?g/m3, RPM - 171.7 ?g/m3). The values of SOx and NOx also increased indicating that the ban has not been able to handle the air pollution level of Kolkata. The air pollution has been a very potent disease causing agent. The main diseases caused by air pollution are generally respiratory diseases like asthma, restrictive lung disorder, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder), cardiovascular disease, and lung cancer. The survey of the three major hospitals in Kolkata shows that there is a huge number of patients being suffered by respiratory disorders during winter months, and the number seems to have increased after the ban has been imposed. The winter of 2010 saw 117 patients suffering from respiratory disorders as compared to the 114 in 2009 and 108 in 2008. The other diseases like cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer also had a higher number of patients in the winter of 2010 as compared to 2008 and 2009. Thus, it should be noted that the pollution has not been reduced at all by the ban. This may have occurred because the government or the officials were not able to impose the ban effectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55593
Title: Effect of zinc sulphate on cardiac physiology of the crab Barytelphusa guerini
Author: R P Mali and Shaikh Afsar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Barytelphusa guerini, zinc sulphate, toxicity, cardiac physiology
Abstract: The effect of zinc sulphate on cardiac physiology of Bartelphusa guerini was investigated after acute exposure to zinc sulphate. Remarkable differences were found between control and treated crabs. The rate of heart beat was studied at regular interval of 24 h up to 240 h (10 days). The investigation showed an initial decline in heart rate up to 48 h, which then gradually decreases upto 240 h in control group. The treated animals showed initial increase up to 72 h and later there is a gradual decline in the rate of heart beat up to 240 h. The decline in rate of heart beat may indicate that animals try to settle down to the toxic medium and initial increase in the heart beat rate may be due to accelerative metabolic activity of the animal.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55592
Title: Biodiversity of Ichthyofauna of Barul Reservoir, Nanded district, Maharashtra
Author: Siddiqui Tasneem
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Biodiversity, Icthyofauna, Barul reservoir
Abstract: The fish population of aquatic systems plays a significant role in the economy, and India has vast potential for development of Inland fisheries. Barul earthen dam is a freshwater reservoir having catchment area of 1560 hectares has been constructed on Manar river for drinking, irrigation and pisciculture purposes. Literally there is no report on the fish fauna of Barul reservoir, hence to fill the gap, present work was undertaken. The reservoir was found to have a fauna of 24 fish species belonging to 11 Families and 4 different Orders.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55591
Title: Fungal diversity and mycotoxin effect on seed-borne fungi, seed germination and seedling vigour of some cereals of Nashik district
Author: D N Khairnar, A S Kelhe and A B Khairnar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Seed-borne fungi, fungal metabolites, seedling vigour
Abstract: Twenty seven fungal species were reported from the seeds of six cereals. The fungal metabolites played significant role in reducing the number of population of seed mycoflora. Fungal metabolites of A. flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and F. moniliformae were more effective as they showed 100 percent germination inhibition and root and shoot elongation of all cereals.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55590
Title: Study on groundwater quality in Prakasam district and its suitability for drinking
Author: Ch Maruthi Devi and T Usha Madhuri
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater quality, water quality index
Abstract: Groundwater samples were collected from different places in Prakasam district for their physico-chemical studies. Laboratory tests were performed for analysis of samples for pH, chlorides, hardness, total dissolved solids and nitrates. Besides models, several water quality indices have been developed and used time to time. Water quality indices are generally used as a tool to convert a large data set into a much reduced and informative form. Water Quality Index (WQI) by weigted arithmetic Index method is used in the present study to assess the suitability for drinking. It was found that most of the stations have WQI value in the range of 25-49 and concluded as good for drinking. But three stations namely Ongole, Kandukur and Kanigiri have WQI values more than maximum value of hundred and not fit for even domestic use. The higher value of these parameters may have health implications and therefore need attention.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55589
Title: Impact of arsenic on environmental geochemistry of South east of Kurdistan, Iran
Author: Artimes Ghassemi Dehnavi, Ramin Sarikhani and D Nagaraju
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Hazardous materials, Environmental problems, Arsenic, alteration rocks
Abstract: Contamination of the environment by arsenic is one of the major environmental problems. Arsenic is usually present in small amounts in all rocks, soil, dust, water , air and biological tissues. However, the knowledge of its source, pathways and hydrogeochemistry are still matters of research and study. The aim of present study is the aresenic occurrence in sediments and groundwater in the south eastern Kurdistan, Iran that has caused serious health problems in rural population in the area, especially children, who are running the risk of hazardous effects of arsenic compounds in environment. The goal of this paper is to present objective and systematic data on this problem in south eastern of Kurdistan, Iran. Chemical analyses of groundwater and sediment samples indicate high levels in near alteration rocks.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55588
Title: Evaluation of pollution by Palmer ' s algal pollution index and physico-chemical analysis of water in four temple ponds of Mattancherry, Ernakulam, Kerala
Author: L Jose and Chethan Kumar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Plamer ' s algal index, temple ponds, organic pollution
Abstract: The present study has been made to evaluate the organic pollution level of four temple ponds of Mattancherry Taluk in Ernakulam district. The Palmer ' s algal index showed that all the four ponds have high organic pollution. Algae found in the ponds belonged to Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. A toxic bloom forming algae Mcirocystis aeruginosa was observed in three ponds. The physico-chemical analysis data supported the Palmer ' s organic pollution index.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55587
Title: Hydrochemistry and seasonal fluctuation of plankton in Arasankulam pond at Veppampattu in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu, India
Author: Mazher Sulthana, R Vasanthi and J N Jayaprakash
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Arasankulam pond, Hydrochemistry, plankton diversity, seasonal fluctuation
Abstract: The present paper deals with the study of physico-chemical parameters along with plankton diversity in Arasankulam pond situated at Veppampattu in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu. The fluctuations in physico-chemica characteristics were noted during the study period from January to December 2009. The results show that the zooplankton diversity was lesser as compared to phytoplankton. The plankton community showed seasonal fluctuations. The phytoplankton community was consisting of members of Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. The zooplankton community was represented by Cladocerans, Copepods, Ostracode and Rotifers. The ecological significance of the plankton diversity and the seasonal variation have been discussed in light of the available literature.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55586
Title: Spent wash: Concomitant pollution abatement potential employing the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans
Author: Snehal G Pawar, Lalit V Pingale, Girish R Pathade and Vinay B Rale
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Pollution abatement, spent wash, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pullulan
Abstract: Spent wash is a typical end product of distillery. It pollutes soil and water due to its characteristics and mixture of pigments , i.e. melanoidins. Various microbial and chemical methods have been designed for reduction of malanoidins. The microbial method has been mainly anaerobic. The objective of the present study was two pronged, first to reduce pollutant value of spent wasy by abating COD and BOD using biomass of Aureobasidium sp., and next to use spent was as a growth medium for Aureobasidia. One representative species Aureobasidium pullulans has been deployed for this. It produces pullulan, which has wider industrial significance. We supplemented spent wash with various nitrogen and carbon sources to enhance process efficiency, which was essentially aerobic.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55585
Title: Isolation and identification of seasonal endomycophytes of inner bark of Pachira insignis
Author: T G Nagaraja
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Endomycophytes, Pachira insignis, Inner bark
Abstract: Endophytic fungi from inner bark of Pachira insignis were studied in three different seasons during 1009 -2010. A total of 25 endophytes were recorded during rainy season followed by 36 in winter season and 19 in summer season. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Verticillium sp were found to be dominant endophytes followed by Biospora punctata, Rhizophus stolonifer and Cladosporium species.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55584
Title: Fluoride concentration in groundwater of Arsikere taluk, Hassan district, Karnataka, India
Author: Mohammed Naji Taresh Ali, Hina Kousar and Adamsab M Patel
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Fluoride, groundwater, Arsikere taluk, fluorosis
Abstract: Fluoride is often referred to as a two edged sword, with 0.6 to 1.5 ppm regarded as an essential constituent of drinking water mainly because of its role in prevention of dental caries, and its concentration more than 1.5 mg/L leading to dental and skeletal fluorosis. When the concentration of fluoride in water exceeds 10 mg/L, crippling fluorosis can ensue. Apart fro fluorosis, it may also cause gastrointestinal complaints, namely loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, pain in stomach, constipation and intermittent diarrhoea and flatulence in expectant and lactating mothers. Fluorosis has been considered as one of the incurable diseases and prevention is the only solution. In this paper an attempt has been made to determine the fluoride concentration in the groundwater of Arsikere taluk and the investigation revealed that its concentration varied between 1.1 mg/L and 2.3 mg/L.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55583
Title: Monitoring the pollution intensity of wetlands of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: Priya K L, Gabriela Jennifer, G Lizia Thankam, Sophia Abraham Thankam and Mariam Mathew
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 3, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Wetlands of Coimbatore, pollution, water quality monitoring, water quality index
Abstract: In the semiarid region in India, rainfall cannot be relied on for irrigation of crops due to its irregularities in availability as well as quantity. Tank irrigation is the best alternate solution for crops; but due to unscientific anthropogenic practices, the water quality of wetlands has degraded. Coimbatore city is currently facing acute water crisis because of degradation of the quality of water. The wetlands, which recharge the groundwater aquifers, have degraded in quality due to the discharge of domestic and industrial sewage. Continuous monitoring of surface water is essential for ensuring groundwater quality. The seven major tanks of the city were selected for the present study. The Water Quality Index of the wetlands during the premonsoon ranged from 41.23 for Perur lake to 82.03 for Ukkadam lake. The water type of the wetlands of the study area predominantly is of Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2, NaHCO3 and NaCl type. The suitability of water for irrigation purposes was analysed using USSL (US Salinity Laboratory) classification system, and it was found that the water from three of the wetlands fall under S1C1 class, which indicate low salinity hazard The Kurichi lake comes under S1C2 class and the other wetlands fall under S1C2 and S1C3 class. The study showed that the water from Singanallur wetland, Ukkadam wetland and Selvachinthamani wetland is unsuitable for irrigation due to high SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio) and electrical conductivity. The seasonal variation study showed that the wetland water quality parameters during premonsoon were higher than that of post monsoon. Ukkadam wetland and Singanallur wetland showed a degraded water quality due to continuous discharge of domestic and industrial sewage.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None