ID: 56167
Title: Live algae as a vector candidate for hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls translocation to bivalve filter feeders for laboratory toxicity test
Author: Live algae, PCBs vector, toxicity test, bivalve
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Live algae, PCBs vector, toxicity test, bivalve
Abstract: Live algae carrying hydrophobic xenobiotics can be an effective vector candidate for the chemical translocation to filter feeders in the laboratory toxicity test, but information on their application is lacking. Time-course uptake and elimination fo polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (0, 50, 100, and 500 ng g-1) by two key algal foods, Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis suecica, were measured. Both of the algae achieved maximum concentration in an hour after PCBs exposure regardless the chemical concentrations in our time-course measurements (0, 1, 5, 10, 24, 48 and 72 hrs). Once achieved the maximum concentration, the algae shortly exhibited elimination or eliminating tendency depending on the chemical concentrations. Algae exposed to the chemical for 1 and 24 hrs (hereafter 1 and 24 hr vectors, respectively) were then evaluated as a chemical translocation vector by feeding test to larval and spat Crassostrea gigas. In the feeding test the 24 hr vector, which contained lower chemicals than the 1-hr vector, appeared to be more damaging the early lives of the oyster. This was particularly significant for vectors of higher PCBs (p<0.05), probably due to algal reduction in food value by the prolonged chemical stress. These findings imply that 1hr exposure is long enough for a generation of algal vector for laboratory toxicity test, minimizing data error resulted from reduction in food value by longer chemical stress.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56166
Title: Characterization of protease from Alcaligens faecalis and its antibacterial activity on fish pathogens
Author: N Annamalai, Arun Kumar, A Saravanakumar, S Vijaylakshmi, T Balasubramanian
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Alkaline protease, Alcaligens faecalis, Antibacterial , seafood effluent, Fish pathogens
Abstract: Alcaligens faecalis AU01 isolated from seafood industry effluent produced an alkaline protease. The optimum culture conditiosn for growth as well as enzyme production were 37 0C and pH 8. The partially purified protease had specific activity of 9.66 with 17.77% recovery with the molecular weight of 33 kDa and it was active between 30-700C and optimum being at 550C and pH 9. The enzyme retains more than 85% activity at 700C and 78% even at pH 10. The enzyme inhibited the growth of fish pathogens such as Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Vibrio harveyi, Proteus sp and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. From the present study it can be concluded that Alcaligens faecalis AU01 has the potential for aquaculture as probiotic agent and other several applications.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56165
Title: Characterization of two metal resistant Bacillus strains isolated from slag disposal site at Burnpur, India
Author: Sanjeev Pandey, Pradipta Saha, Subinoy Biswas and Tushar K Maiti
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Slag disposal, Bacillus strains As and Pb resistant, phytogram
Abstract: Two strains of Bacillus sp. resistant to arsenate and lead designated as AsSP9 and PbSP6, respectively were isolated from the slag disposal site. They were identified to be related to Bacillus cereus cluster on the basis fo 16SrDNA based sequence analysis and phenotypic characteristics. Both were rod- shaped (AsSP9, 2-5 ?m), aerobic, salt tolerant (2-8% NaCl), endospore forming bacteris with minor differences like the AsSP9 showed sporangial bulging and PbSP6 had positive lipase activity. The temperature range for their growth was 20-400C and pH range 6.0-9.0 with an optimum temperature of 370C and pH of 7 for both strains. The principal nitrogen sources for AsSP9 and PbSP6 were DL-Tryptophan and L-Phenylalanine, respectively. The suitable carbon source for AsSP9 was lactose and for PbSP6 sucrose. The heavy metal accumulation efficiency was found to be 0.0047 mg g -1 of dry mass for AsSP9 and 0.686 mg g-1of dry mass for PbSP6.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56164
Title: Characterization and optimization of conditions for biodegradation of sella-rice mill effluent
Author: Kamla Malik, Faquir Chand Garg, Kiran Nehra
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Biodegradation, Sella-rice mill effluent, Starch - utilizing bacteria, Microorganism isolates
Abstract: The sella-rich mill effluent is a major environmental pollutant requiring proper treatment before disposal. The present study has been conducted to isolate and characterize micro-organisms capable of growing on sella-rice effluent and to optimize conditions for tis rapid bioremediation. Using three different types of media (LB, YEPDA and PDA), a total of 139 isolates were isolated from effluent samples collected from three different locations. Out of these, 45 isolates were found to utilize starch medium, eight isolates showing high efficiency. For the optimization of conditions for maximum utilization of starch by selected isolates, parameters such as effect of addition of carbon and nitrogen sources, effect of growth factors, temperature and pH were studied. Maximum growth (absorbance of 2.10) and starch-utilization (varying in the range of 2.33 to 3.62) was observed on starch medium supplemented with peptone and yeast extract at 300C with a pH of 6.0. These bacterial isolates also reduced the amouint of starch (80.10%), BOD (64.24%) and COD (75.0%) of sella-rice mill effluent after 15 days of incubation. On the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics, the selected isolates were found to belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Micrococcus.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56163
Title: In-situ monitoring of chromium cytotoxicity in sugarcane
Author: Sangeeta Srivastava
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Chromosome aberrations, decretion factor, heavy metals, mitotic index, root-tip assay, Saccharum species
Abstract: The potential of in-situ monitoring of cytotoxic effects of chromium through root-tip assay was studied in a sugarcane cultivar CoLk 8102 (Saccharum spp. hybrid). Sugarcane setts supplied with graded concentrations of chromium (VI), exhibited a reduction of 85.92 and 95.10% in mean root length at 40 and 80 ppm Cr dosage along with 61.25 and 82.50% reduction in mean root number/node respectively. Mitotic index of root tip cells of treated setts declined and the frequency of aberrant mitotic phases increased pari passu to the increasing chromium concentration. To compare and quantify the effect of graded chromium dosages on frequency of chromosome aberrations vis-a-vis inhibition of mitotic activity, a ' Decretion factor ' (D.F) has been used for the first time. The value of DF increased with the increase in the chromium dosages. The increase in chromosome aberration frequency was low at low chromium dosages (1 or 2 ppm), but the high Cr dosages (40 adn 80 ppm), induced sharp reduction in mitotic efficiency of root system along with anomalies in the process of cell division and induced chromosome aberrations in sugarcane root meristem, which in turn affected the over all plant growth.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56162
Title: Salt stress induced alteration in growth characteristics of a grass Pennisetum alopecuroides
Author: A V Mane, B A Karadge, J S Samant
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Growth, Pennisetum alopecuroides, sodium chloride, salinity stress
Abstract: Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect crop productivity and quality. The present investigation was carried out to study the alterations in the growth characteristics of a grass species, Pennisetum alopecuroides under the influence of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity. From the results it is clear that shoot length of Pennisetum alopecuroides was increased by 13.17% at 100 mM NaCl concentration while the root length was observed to be increased at 50 mM NaCl concentration by 26.93%. Maximum height of the plant was observed by 18.23% at 50 mM while shoot to root ratio was higher at 300 mM concentrations by 29.17% increase over the control. Moreover, the maximum percent increase in leaf area was recorded as 11.17% (100 mM). Fresh weight was increased by 50.92% at 100mM while dry weight of the experimental grass was increased by 33.64% at the same concentration of salt to the rooting medium while moisture percentage was increased to a maximum by 24.61% at 50 mM. It appears that the grass species studied exhibit a moderate salinity tolerance as far as linear growth of plant is concerned.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56161
Title: Zinc and copper induced changes in physiological characteristics of Vigna mungo (L)
Author: Radha Solanki, Anju, Poonam, R Dhankhar
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Heavy metal stress, seedling growth, nitrate reductase, catalase, peroxidase
Abstract: The effect of deleterious concentration of zinc and copper provided either individually or in combination in the nutrient media was investigated in order to assess the effect of metal interaction in Vigna mungo (L). Both metals showed negative effect and led to a marked decrease in seed germination (20%), seedling growth (91.7%) and nitrate reductase activity (85.7%) with the increase in metal concentrations. The present study also emphasizes on the response of catalase and peroxidase enzyme under zinc and copper stress. Both antioxidant enzymes exhibited an increasing trend under different treatment conditions but is was reverse at highly toxic metal concentration. The results showed active involvement of peroxidase enzyme in regulating oxidative stress rather than catalase enzyme, as the specific activity of peroxidase enzyme got increased by 8.94% under the combined metals stress whereas catalase activity got declined by 60.97% in comparison to control due to excessive stress. The combined effect of copper and zinc metal was more pronounced in comparison to their individual effects.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56160
Title: Influence of lignin, pentachlorophenol and heavy metal on antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from pulp paper mill effluent contaminated river water
Author: Ram Chandra, Monica Sankhwar
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Anitbiotic, bacteria, lignin, multidrug resistance, Pentachlorophenol (PCP), heavy metal
Abstract: Pulp paper mill pollutants are major source of aquatic contamination having metals, lignin and chlorophenols. Study was conducted to see the effect of these contaminants on antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated bacteria. Pulp paper effluents were evaluated for its physico-chemical properties i.e. BOD 72143 + 164.81 ti 22.32+ 2.48, COD 213136+ 583.59 to 60.40+ 6.34, total phenol 386 + 71.24 to 0.43 + 0.0, lignin 26312+ 258.59 to 73.67 + 31.81 and microbial quality i.e. K. penumonae, S. typhi, S. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, E. coi, Ent. faecalis, A. hydrophila, B. subtilis, S. aureus, Y. enterolitica and V. vulrificus. Antibiotic sensitivity (10-30?g), heavy metal resistance (100-1000?g ml-1), lignin (1000-10,000 ppm) and pentachlorophenol (100-1000 ppm) tolerance of bacterial strains were assessed by seven classes of antibiotics. Eleven bacterial isolates were found multidrug resistant towards antibiotics, heavy metal, lignin and PCP. Out of 11 isolates, 90.9% were found resistant agianst eleven antibiotics which acquired 100% resistatn in presence of heavy metal, lignin and chlorophenols. Results also revealed that concentration of lignin (50-350 ppm) and PCP (5-30 ppm) induced maximum growth (273 - 8050 cfu ml-1) of pathogenic bacteria in river water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56159
Title: Cardioprotective effects of Commiphora mukul against isoprenaline-induced cardiotoxicity: A biochemical and histopathological evaluation
Author: Shreesh Ojha, Jagriti Bhatia, Sachin Arora, Mahveer Golechha, Santosh Kumari, Dharamvir Singh Arya
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Cardiotoxicity, Guggul, Histopathology, antioxidant enzymes, necrosis
Abstract: Commiphora mukul commonly known as Guggul is one of the oldest and commonly consumed herb for promoting heart and vascular health. Present study was undertaken to evaluate cardioprotectie potential of Commiphora mukul against isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups: Sham (saline only), isoprenaline control (saline and isoprenaline) and Commiphora mukul treated (Commiphora mukul and isoprenaline) groups. Commiphora mukul was administered in three doses 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 p.o. for 30 days. On 29th and 30th day, the animals of isoprenaline control and Commiphora mukul pretreatment groups were administered isoprenaline (85 mg kg-1; s.c.), consecutively at an interval of 24 hr. Isoprenaline administration produced a significant (p<0.05) decrease in myocardial antioxidants; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and myocyte injury marker enzymes creatine-phosphokinase - MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with enhanced lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde (MDA) in heart. Commiphora mukul pretreatment reversed the isoprenaline-induced oxidative changes in rat myocardium by significant (p<0.05) increase in SOD, CAT, GSHPx, GSH and reduction of MDA. In addition to improving myocardial antioxidant status, Commiphora mukul also prevented the leakage of LDH and CK-MB from heart. Further, histopathological examination showed the reduction of necrosis, edema and inflammation following Commiphora mukul pretreatment. Based on present findings, it is concluded that Commiphora mukul may be a potential preventive and therapeutic agent against the oxidative stress associated ischemic heart disease owing to antioxidant and antiperoxidative activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56158
Title: Predictive distribution modeling for rare Himalayan medicinal plant Berberis aristata DC
Author: Rajasri Ray, K V Gururaja, T V Ramachandra
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Berberis aristata, Bioclim and Maximum entropy, distribution modeling, GARP, Indian Himalayan region
Abstract: Predictive distribution modelling of Berberis aristata DC, a rare threatened plant with high medicinal values has been done with an aim to understand its potential distribution zones in Indian Himalayan region. Bioclimatic and topographic variables were used to develop the distribution model with the help of three different algorithms viz. Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production (GARP), Bioclim and Maximum entropy (MaxEnt). Maximum entropy has predicted wider potential distribution (10.36%) compared to GARP (4.63%) and Bioclim (2.44%). Validation confirms that these outputs are comparable to the present distribution pattern of the B. aristata. This exercise highlights that this species favours Western Himalaya. However, GARP and MaxEnt ' s prediction of Eastern Himalayan states (i.e. Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Manipur) are also identified as potential occurrence places require further exploration.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56157
Title: Benthic polychaetes in the Ratnagiri bay, India: Influence of anthropogenic factors
Author: Soniya Sukumaran, Kanchan Bhokepode, Madhavi Telavane, Priti Kubal, S N Gajbhiye
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Polychaete, sediment, antropogenic factors, macrobenthic community
Abstract: Study of changes in macrobenthic community structure is an intrinsic part of many environmental monitoring programmes. Hence, it is pivotal to distinguish the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on these sensitive organisms for accurate assessment and management of coastal environment. Polychaeta species diversity of five stations in the Ratnagiri bay was investigated during premonsoon and postmonsoon months in 2007. Though no spatial trends in polychaete diversity vis-a-vis the pollution was visible, the polychaete univariate indices were uniformily better in premonsoon indicating clear seasonal trends. Shannon diversity values ranged from 1.4-2.4 during premonsoon and 0.6-1.6 during postmonsoon. Station 5, which was most impacted by anthropogenic wastes as demonstrated by the anoxic conditions coupled with higher nutrient load, had comparatively higher H ' values (1.9 and 1.6) and better evenness values (0.9 and 0.7) during both seasons indicating that the polychaetes were not influenced by anthropogenic contamination. The study indicates that the polychaete distribution and diverstiy in the bay were governed primarily by variations in sediment texture rather than the anthropogenic disturbances.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56156
Title: Size exclusion chromatography for the removal of pigments from extracellular ligninolytic enzyme extracts from decayed wheat straw
Author: Dharmendra Shukla, Bhavesh Patel, Hasmukh Modi, Bharat Rajiv Manuel Vyas
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Daedaleopsis flavida, Size exclusion chromatography, extracelluar ligninolytic enzymes, lignin peroxidase, pigments, solid-state fermentation
Abstract: Solid-state fermentation of wheat straw was carried out by a native white rot basidiomycete Daedaleopsis falvida strain 5A. Extract prepared from the 12 - day decayed wheat straw contained extracelluar ligninolytic enzymes like manganese peroxidase (MnP), manganese - independent peroxidase (MIP), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase along with straw-degraded products and pigments. Sephacryl S-200 size exclusion chromatography in 16/100 column was used for the separation of these ligninolytic enzymes and straw-degraded products and pigments. Recovery of pigment-free ligninolytic enzyme activities as protein was 40% of the total proteins loaded and specific LiP activity increased 34 fold after size exclusion chromatography. Thus accurate estimation of LiP by veratryl alcohol oxidation assay was possible only after the removal of interfering pigments. The reporducibility of size exclusion chromatography is adjudged satisfactory from the consistent results obtained after seven repetitive uses of matrices.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56155
Title: Manganese induced changes in growth, chlorophyll content and antioxidants activity in seedlings of broad bean (Vicia faba L)
Author: Shashi K Arya, B K Roy
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Vicia faba L, Manganese (Mn), Chlorophyll, peroxidase, proline, oxidative stress
Abstract: The effect of manganese (Mn) on broad bean (Vicia faba L.) was studied with regard to growth, Mn accumulation in root and shoot, chlorophyll, proline content and peroxidase activity. Seeds were treated with Mn (10, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160? M) and grown hydroponically up to 15 days. Manganese level in both root and shoot increased progressively in response to increasing concentration and it was high in roots (13 fold) over the shoots (8 fold). The reduction in root (52%) and shoot (62.92%) development were evident for the maximum Mn concentration (160?M). The chlorophyll amount gradually declined with increasing Mn concentrations and attained its maximum (42%) at 160 ?M. By contrast, teh guaiacol peroxidase activity was high (71%) along with the accompanying rise in proline content (75%) in shoots of the highest Mn concentration (160? M). However, there was about 2 fold increase in total glutathione content at 40 ?M than the basal level and further declined to 21. 65 ?gg-1 fresh wt. at 160 ?M Mn. The alterations in overall reflected Mn concentration- dependent changes in the parameters studied. The results suggest that the plant Vicia faba L. copes with Mn exposure through enhanced production of antioxidants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56154
Title: Transferability of STS markers in studying genetic relationships of marvel grass (Dichanthium annulatum)
Author: Raghvendra Saxena, Amaresh Chandra
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Cluster analysis, genetic resources, Marvel grass, polymorphism, STS markers
Abstract: Trasferability of sequence-tagged-sites (STS) markers was assessed for genetic relatioships study among accessions of marvel grass (Dichanthium annulatum Forsk. ) . In total , 17 STS primers of Stylosanthes origin were tested for their reactivity with thirty accessions of Dichanthium annulatum. Of these, 14 (82.4%) reacted and a total 106 (84 polymorphic) bands were scored. The number of bands generated by individual primer pairs ranged from 4 to 11 with an average of 7.57 bands, whereas polymorphic bands ranged from 4 to 9 with an average of 6.0 bands accounts to an average polymorphism of 80.1%. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.222 to 0.499 and maker index (MI) from 1.33 to 4.49. Utilizing Dice coefficient of genetic similarity dendrogram was generated through un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithm. Further, clustering through sequential agglomerative hierarchical and nested (SAHN) method resulted three main clusters constituted all accessions except IGBANG-D-2. Though there was intermixing of few accessions of one agro-climatic region to another, largely groupings of accessions were with their regions of collections. Bootstrap analysis at 1000 scale also showed large number of nodes (11 to 17) having strong clustering (>50). Thus, results demonstrate the utility of STS markers of Stylosanthes in studying the genetic relationships among accessions of Dichanthium.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56153
Title: Studies on influence of natural biowastes on cellulase production by Aspergillus niger
Author: M Usha Kiranmayi, Sudhakar Poda, P B B N Charyulu, M Vijayalakshmi, P V Krishna
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Natural biowaste, cellulase activity, Aspergillus niger
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of natural biowaste substrates such as banana peel powder and coir powder at varying environmental parameters of pH (4-9) and temperature (20-50 0C) on the celluase enzyme production by Aspergillus niger. The cellulase enzyme production was analyzed by measuring the amount of glucose liberated in IU ml-1 by using the dinitrosalicylic acid assay method. The substrates were pretreated with 1% NaOH (alkaline treatment) and autoclaved. The maximum activity of the enzyme was assayed at varying pH with temperatures being constant and varying temperatures with pH being constant. The highest activity of the enzyme at varying pH was recorded at pH 6 for banana peel powder (0.068 + 0.002 IU ml-1) and coir powder (0.049+ 0.002 IU ml-1) the maximum activity of the enzyme at varying temperature was recorded at 350C for both banana peel powder (0.072 + 0.001IU ml-1) and coir powder (0.046 + 0.003 IU ml -1). At varying temperatures and pH the high level of enzyme production was obtained at 350C and pH 6 by using both the substrates, respectively. However among the two substrates used for the production of cellulases by Aspergillus niger banana peel powder showed maximum enzymatic activity than coir powder as substrate.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None