ID: 56182
Title: Isolation, characterization and purification of chitinase from Penicillium, Pseudomonas and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Author: V S Sarvani and Priya R Iyer
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Chitinase, Penicillium chrysogenmum, Peseudomonas spp and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Abstract: Chitin degradation can be initiated by chitinases to oligo N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) chains. The oligomers, tri-NAG and di-NAG are subsequently metabolized to NAG monomes. The monosaccharides thus released can then be metabolized by many organisms. Chitinases acts as a good insecticide and fungicide. The organisms producing Chitinase were isolated from soil. The isolated organisms were identified to be Penicillium chrysogemum, Peseudomonas spp. and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and grown on chitin minimal media for the enzyme production which was assayed by Aminoff et al. 1952, method of colorimetry. The enzyme was then precipitated by ammonium sulphate precipitation. SDS-PAGE. Optimization of conditions for enzyme production enzyme and application for anti-fungal activity was studied.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56181
Title: Embryogenesis and early development of two molluscan species Physa acuta and Lymnea stagnalis, A comparative study
Author: N A Kambale and S S Gaikwad
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Physa acuta, Lymnea stagnalis, embyogenesis, early development
Abstract: Freshwater pulmonate snail Physa acuta and Lymnea stagnalis both lays iso-lecithal transparent eggs in the form of egg capsule/egg sac which are holoblastic. In current study, embryonic development of Physa acuta and Lymnea stagnalis was observed in detail up to hatching of embryos from egg capsule. Eggs were examined from early cleavage stage up to hatching with different developmental stages. Observations had been made regularly for every developmental stage and were recorded.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56180
Title: A study on the effect of detergent suryagold on the biochemical constituents of the fresh water fish Cirrhinus mrigala
Author: J Vasanthi, R Kalavathi and N Saradhamani
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Detergent, Cirrhinus mrigala, Biochemical analysis
Abstract: To get an idea about the nature of effect of detergent suryagold on the biochemical aspects of aquatic organisms, fishes belonging to the species Cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to sublethal concentration of 3.5 mg/L (1/10th of LC50 value of 24 hrs) for short term duration (24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs). Biochemical characteristics like glycogen, protein and cholesterol were estimated in liver, kidney, gills and muscles. The glycogen and cholesterol content was found to increase in all tissues in different hours of exposure but the protein content was found to decrease from the control. The results are statistically analysed and most values were found to be non significant.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56179
Title: Extraction and purification of nitrogenase reductase enzyme (FEprotein) from Rhizobium strain
Author: P Jayalakshmi, P Suvarnalatha Devi, N D Prasanna and G Revathi
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Rhizobium, nitrogenase, Fe protein, DEAE- cellulose column
Abstract: Biological nitrogen fixation involves the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3) by a metalloenzyme nitrogenase. The nitrogenase reductase (Fe-protein) isolated from Rhizobium strain was been purified and characterized. The nitrogenase Fe protein is a ?2 dimer containing Fe4S4 cluster. The Fe-protein is similar to other Fe-proteins with respect to its molecular weight. The Fe-protein was eluted with 400 m M-NaCl on to a DEAE - cellulose column as a dark-brown band at the top of the column. The molecular weight of the proten is about 60 K. Da and the protein concentration is about 14.2 mg/mL.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56178
Title: Incidence and antibiotic sensitivity of Bacillus cereus isolated from ready to eat foods sold in some markets in Portharcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria
Author: O K Agwa, C I Uzoigwe and E C Wokoma
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Antibiotic sensitivity, Bacillus cereus isolates, Microbiological standards, Ready-to-eat indigenous
Abstract: Sixty-four food samples of "cooked rice", "masa", "agidi" and "epiti" purchased from local markets in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Port Harcourt, Nigeria were examined microbiologically. Plate count analysis on mannitol egg-yolk bromothymol blue polymyxin B (MYP) agar revealed that "cooked rice" had the highest frequency of occurrence of Bacilus cereus isolates (29.51%), "mas" (26.23%), "agidi" (22.95%) and "epiti" had the least frequency of 21.31%. All Bacillus cereus isolates tested were found to be susceptible to rifampin (30?g), chloramphenicol (20?g), erythromycin (30?g), ciprofloxacin (10?g), streptomycin (30?g), gentamycin (10?g) and lincocin (30 ?g) and 100% resistance against norfloxapin (30? g), floxapen (30 ?g) and ampiclox (30? g). The study unveils the presence of Bacillus cereus in food samples sold in Port Harcourt especially in "cooked rice" and "masa" which may pose serious threat to the health of consumers and should not be ignored.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56177
Title: Urea acumulation in acid water by the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens (Owen) of Oguta Lake, Nigeria
Author: A I Okafor
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Acid water, serum urea, pH, protopterus annectens
Abstract: Serum urea levels of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens (Owen) following acclimation in acid water was investigated in the laboratory. Adult specimens of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens (mean weight, 299.5 g and mean length, 38.2 cm) procured from Oguta lake at Oguta in Imo State, Nigeria were subjected to acid water of the following pH values - 4.6, 5.0, 5.4, 5.8, 6.2, 6.6, 7.0 and 7.4 for a couple of weeks after which their serum urea levels were determined. The results revealed a significant negative linear correlation (r = -0.9435776 p<0.05) between water pH and mean serum area concentrations. The findings highlight some adjustments of the fish ' s metabolic pathways in acid water regimes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56176
Title: Assessment of cow dung waste for the laboratory cultivationof Chlorella for lipid production
Author: O K Agwa, S N Ibe and G O Abu
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Algal biotechnology, biomass, chlorella cow dung extract, growth medium, lipid production
Abstract: The growth response of Chlorella was studied under conditions of different media (cow dung extract, synthetic and Bangladesh II) maintained at a temperature of 28 +20C within a retention period of 21 days. The organism was obtained by blooming to a deep green colour after 5 days in a 10:90 mixture of pond water and cow dung extract. Under natural illumination biomass yields (dry mass) were cow dung medium 1.75 mg/mL, synthetic medium 1.08 mg/mL and the Bangladesh medium 0.72 mg/mL. Chlorella showed potential for lipid production in the cow dung medium with about 13.3% (w/w) lipids in the wet cells, the others were 6.97% (w/w) for wet cells in the synthetic medium and the Bangladesh II medium 3.0% (w/w) lipid content for wet cells. There is a potential of algal biotechnology by using an inexpensive growth medium formulation such as cow dung waste for the cultivation of this algae (Chlorella).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56175
Title: District Census - Uttara Kannada
Author: None
Editor: None
Year: 2001
Publisher: Census of India 2001
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: District Census - Uttara Kannada
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 215
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56174
Title: Study on accumulation ability of two lichen species Hypogymnia physodes and Usnea hirta at iron-steel factory site, Turkey
Author: Demet Cansaran-Duman
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Air pollution, biomonitoring, heavy metals, iron-steel factory, lichen
Abstract: The use of biological responses to contaminant exposure by lichen species has become a useful tool in environmental quality evaluation and risk assesment. Lichen Hypogymnia physodes and Usnea hirta samples were collected in 2006 from 10 sites around iron-steel factory in Karabuk, Turkey. H. physodes and U.hirta samples from Yenice forest used as a control. The aim of present study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation ability and to determine the environmentact of an iron-steel factory in Karabuk. Seven elements (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd) were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The analytical results were compared statistically by using SPSS. As excepted, the study area (Yenica forest, Karabuk) chosen as control site (site no 11) showed significantly lower impact in comparison to other site (site no 1-10). Compared with the two lichen species, H. physodes showed highest metal accumulating capacity while U. hirta showed lowest. These criteria attested the best suitability for H. physodes, followed by U.hirta.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56173
Title: Uptake and accumulationof potentially toxic metals (Zn, Cu and Pb) in soils and plants of Durgapur industrial belt
Author: Ganesh Chandra Kisku, Poonam Pandey, Mahendra Pratap Singh Negi and Virendra Misra
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Metal toxicity, bioaccumulation coefficient, industrial effluent, Durgapur industrial belt
Abstract: Uptake and accumulation of metals in crops may cause possible health risks through food chain. A field survey was conducted to investigate the accumulation of potentially toxic metals contaminated in soil and plants irrigated with complexed industrial effluents. Concentration of Zn, Cu and Pb was 205-255, 101-130, 118-177 ?g g-1 in rhizosphere soils and 116-223, 57-102 and 63-95 ?g g-1 d. wt. in root and 95-186, 44-75 and 27-58 ?g g-1 d. wt. in shoot, respectively. The trend in Cu and Pb was in the order: soil>root>seed while in Zn it was soil> root> seed>shoot. Roots accumulated a larger fraction of soil Cu (70%) > Zn (67%) > Pb (54%). Bioaccumulation coefficient of soil to root ranged from 51-98 for Zn, 54-85 for Cu and 43-63 for Pb. Analysis of variance showed marginal change in bioaccumulation coefficient, noticed between plants (p>0.05) while it varied significantly (p<0.01) between tissues and metals. It increased from root to seed / fruit (root > shoot> seed/fruit) while decreased between metals from Zn to Pb (Zn>Cu>Pb). Oou of the three, two Cu and Pb accumulated to phytoxic levels while Zn was within threshold limit of phytotoxicity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56172
Title: Plant stature of aromatic rice genotypes in environment of Bangladesh
Author: S M Shahidullah, M M Hanafi, M Ashrafuzzaman, M A Hakim, M R Karim
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Plant height, Aromatic rice, Gx E interaction, AMMI analysis
Abstract: Plant stature of a rice crop is an important selection citerion. As plant height is a quantitative trait it is influenced by environmental conditions. A field experiment was conducted with 40 rice genotypes to assess the fluctuation and stability of plant height in a series of 16 environmental situations. The effects of genotype (G), environment (E) and all the components of G x E interaction were highly significant. Among the genotypes, Jamai sohagi was extemely sensitive (bi = 1.37) to environmental changes, and indicating lowest adaptability over the environments. Plant height of seven genotypes viz., Basmati PNR346, Benaful, BRRIdhan 28, BRRIdhan 38, BRRIdhan39, Gandho kasturi and Neimat, having the bi values between 0.59 and 0.72, showed high stability against environmental changes. The other seven genotypes viz. Badshabhog, Basmati Tapl-90, Kamini soru, Khazar, Laljira, Sarwati and Ukni madhu expressed only nonlinear sensitivity (S2di = 90-181) and thus unpredictable fluctuation. Twenty one genotypes indicated their average stability (bi = 0.91 -1.15) over the experiments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56171
Title: Risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil and wild Libyan jird Meriones libycus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Author: Khadiga G Adham, Nadia A. Al-Eisa
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Metal toxicity, Libyan jird, Organ accumulation, bioindicator
Abstract: This study was undertaken to document the impact of heavy metal pollution on the Libyan jird, Meriones libycus and to contribute to an environmental impact statement for the rapidly growing City of Riyadh. All metal concentrations in surface soil of a polluted site (within Riyadh City) were higher than those from a reference site (outside the city). Although Pb declined versus earlier reports on Riyadh soil, Cd (0.97 ?gg_1) and Hg (0.28 ?gg_1) were above some of the most stringent quality guidelines (0.07 - 0.62 ?gg_1for Cd and 0.14 - 0.18 ?gg_1 for Hg). Metal distribution in M.libycus proved site-related and organ-specific, recognizing a higher affinity of most tested metals towards the kidneys, liver and brain than the lung and heart. The comparatively lower site-specific accumulation of Pb in soft tissues was attributed primarily to its major hypothetical accumulation in bones, whereas, the transition rate of Hg from the liver was suggested to be lowe to the brain than to the kidneys. Although a non hazardous status was assumed for Cu (11.27 - 13.16?gg_1) and Hg (up to 0.207 ?gg_1) in tissues of M. libycus, a potential risk was imposed by mean tissue concentrations of Cd (up to 3.29 ?gg_1), Ni ( up to 1.48 ?gg_1) and Pb (up to 1.94 ?gg_1). On the grounds of the significantly higher metal levels in polluted soft tissues versus reference subjects, Libyan jirds possess high exposure potential and can be useful biomonitors of environmental metal contamination.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56170
Title: Alterations of biochemical parameters in malformed Indian rice frogs, Rana limnocharis from Southern Taiwan
Author: Yuh-Wen Chiu, Shu-Yin Wang, Jui-Pin Wu and Da-Ji Huang
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Malformed frog, Monooxygenase, Glutathione-S-transferase, acetylocholinesterase, vitellogenin, Indian rice frog (Rana limnocharis)
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to ivnestigate the factors that cause malformed frogs in upstream Kaoping river (KP site) and Tungkang river (T site) of Southern Taiwan. In this experiment, the activities of monooxygenase (MO), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) as well as the concentration of vitellogenin (Vg) in the liver were measured. Results show that acitivities of MO, GST and AchE, and Vg levels in normal frogs (male/female) were 0.09 +0.02/0.09+ 0.01 ? A min-1mg-1 protein, 0.12 +0.04/0.13+ 0.04 ? A min-1mg-1 protein, 6.13 +2.69/6.01+ 2.09 U mg-1 protein and 0.87 +0.42/2.18+ 0.50 ?gmg-1 protein, respectively. Activities of MO, GST and Ach E, and Vg levels in malformed frogs (male/female) were 0.15 +0.04/0.21+ 0.07 ? A min-1mg-1 protein, 0.27 +0.08/0.30+ 0.12 ? A min-1mg-1 protein, 4.59 +2.71/5.19+ 3.74 U mg-1protein and 1.46 +0.61/3.15+ 0.88 ?gmg-1 protein, respectively in KP site, and were 0.16 +0.69/0.18+ 0.07 ? A min-1mg-1 protein, 0.21 +0.07/0.24+ 0.08 ? A min-1mg-1 protein, 5.13 +4.58/3.94+ 1.33 U mg-1 protein and 2.23 +1.47/4.11+ 1.63 ?gmg-1 protein, respectively in T site. These results indicate that male and female malformed frogs in both rivers upstream are found with higher activities. No significant difference in AchE activity was found between normal and malformed frogs in this investigation. It is therefore reasonable to speculate that the organic chemicals released from agricultural activities are presumable the main factors that lead to the malformation of frogs.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56169
Title: The behaviour of Ailanthus altissima weed and its effects on natural ecosystems
Author: G Fotiadis, A P Kyriazopoulos, I Fraggakis
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Invasive species, Ailanthus altissima, floristic diversity, Mediterranean area
Abstract: Ailanthus altissima is an invasive species for the native flora of Greece and it could pose a serious threat to the biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spreading of Ailanthus altissima in urban and non urban areas of North and Central Greece and also to evaluate the effects of its spreading on species composition and floristic diversity in natural ecosystems. The spreading of Ailanthus altissima in urban areas is very intense, mainly in abandoned places (35.29%). It is commonly found in non urban areas of Greece, especially inhedgerows of arable lands (36%) and adjacent wetlands (17%). It is less common in forests (4%), shrublands (11%) and grasslands (9%). The spread of Ailanthus altissima in urban and natural ecosystems is relatively recent. Although it has been recorded at altitudes of up to 640m, it usually appears at low altitudes of up to 200m. Floristic diversity was found to be higher in the stands that is dominated (H ' = 1.574, H ' = 1,890) in comparison to stands that were dominated by Quercus pubescens (H ' = 1.468) or O. coccifera (H ' = 1.716). This may be contributed to the fact that in those stands synanthropic species, which are usually found in regions of intense human activity, were present together with typical forest vegetation species.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56168
Title: Effects of granulated baits on meso and macrofauna in soybean soil system
Author: C Salvio, A N Lopez, P L Manetti, N L Clemente
Editor: Dr. R C Dalela
Year: 2011
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 32, No 6, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Toxic baits, metaldehyde, carbaryl, no tillage, soil mesofauna and macrofauna
Abstract: Studies were done to see the effects of five toxic baits based on metaldehyde and/or carbaryl on the taxonomic composition of soil meso and macrofauna, and determined the density of beneficial organisms in soybean udner no tillage. Six treatments were tested and soil monoliths were taken before application and at 45 and 75 days after application (DAA). Before application, 1601 individuals were recorded, belonging 1086 to mesofauna and 515 to macrofauna. In soil mesofauna such as Annelida: Enchytraeidae (44%), Nematoda (33%) and Arthropoda (23%) were found. In the macrofauna Arthropoda 93% and Annelida: Oligochaeta, Megardilli 7% were observed. No differences were observed among the treatments (p>0.05) in the total mesofauna density, at 45 and 75 DAA. The density of enchytraeids, mites, collembolans adn symphylids showed no differences at 45 and 75 DAA (p>0.05). The total macrofauna density showed differences (p<0.05) at 45 and 75 DAA. The highest density was obtained with 4 kg ha-1 MataBibos Acay at 45 and 75 DAA. Earthworm and diplopod densities at 45 and 75 DAA showed no differences (p>0.05). The diversity of meso and macrofauna was not affected at 45 and 75 DAA. Bait application did not affect either the abundance or the diversity of soil beneficial invertebrates.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None