ID: 56197
Title: Molecular analysis of crude oil and produced water for sulphidogenic bacteria
Author: F I Akinnibosun and H M Lappin-Scott
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Sulphidogenic bacteria, crude oil, produced water, reservior souring, Petrotoga Mexicana, Petrotoga olearia
Abstract: Molecular analysis of Nigeria Bonny light crude oil and Bonny light produced water (Samples A and B respectively) was carried out to determine the presence of sulphide-generating bacteria (sulphidogenic bacteria). Samples were enriched in mixed carbon postgate ' s (MCP) medium and incubated at 550C for 28 days. DNA was extracted from enrichment and amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using 16S rRNA Eubacterial primers with a GC-clamp. Successful amplification was confirmed by ethidium bromide fluorescence in 1% agarose gel during agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR-amplified DNA was separated by Danaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, to show the relationhip between sample based on their GC content. Following successful DGGE analysis, DGGE bands were excised, purified and sequenced. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of DGGE products carried out to display sequence homology and affiliation to related genera of sulphide producers was successful displaying 98% and 99% similarity and homology to Petrotoga mexicana (AY125964.1) and Petrotoga olearia (AJ311703.1) respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56196
Title: In-vitro assesment of cholic acid permeabilizing ability in combination with antibiotics to combat microbial resistance exhibited by biofilm producing bacteria
Author: A I Shiekh, Shweta Mishra and M Musaddiq
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biofilm, drug resistance, pathogenic organism, cholic acid
Abstract: Biofilm are comples aggregation of bacteria marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix. They develop almost anywhere in water and solid or solid and gases meet as well as living surfaces, which means they are virtually everywhere, implying their ubiquitous nature. When they form biofilm, bacteria seem to gain super power. In human terms, biofilm spells all kind of big trouble, for instance they fog our contacts, help to rot our teeth and cause a host of diseases from cystic fibrosis and ulcers to colitis and middle ear infection. Microorganism growing in biofilm includes Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Candida, Klebsiella, and Salmonella etc. The nature of biofilm structure and physiological attributes of biofilm organism have found to confer an inherent resistance to antimicrobial agents. Considering the wide variety of microorganism that are able to form biofilms and the mentioned aspects including its environmental, medical, commercial significance the present work was undertaken. Pathogenic organisms were isolated, identified and antibiogram studies were made in presence of usually recommended antibiotics. Screening for biofilm producers was made. With a view to search out for intervention strategies combination of cholic acid was analyzed with antibiotics. The present investigation supports that a link exist between pathogenic organism, biofilm production and drug resistance. It also lead us to conclude the ability of cholic acid in combination with antibiotics to inhibit biofilm producers.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56195
Title: Microbiological studies and macroinvertebrate fauna of the lotic systems in and around Courtallam, Tirunelveli District (Tamil Nadu)
Author: R Drusilla, A Kumaresan and M Narayanan
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Total coliforms, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Macroinvertebrates, lotic system
Abstract: Microbial populations and macroinvertebrate fauna of river Chittar were investigated for two years. Microbes analysed were: Total coliforms, Faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli. Results revealed the following trend: Total coliforms> Faecal coliforms> Escherichia coli. Macroinvertebrate fauna included crustaceans, insect nymphs, aquatic insects and molluscs. The percentage of crustaceans varied between 16.28 and 18.50, insect nymphs from 24.60 to 26.98, molluscs between 26.01 and 29.37 and aquatic insects from 28.24 to 30.01. Shannon - Wiener index of diversity of macroinvertebrates ranged between 1.361 and 1.374 while Simpson ' s index of Dominance varied from 0. 256 to 1.40.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56194
Title: A study on effect of oral administration of various extracts of unripe Carica papaya L. on hormonal stability during preganancy in Swiss albino mice
Author: P Praveena and P Chinnaswamy
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Abortifacient potential, progesterone, estradiol
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of the extracts of unripe fruit of Carica papaya L. on Swiss albino mice. Various extracts of the unripe fruit were prepared and the phytochemical analysis was carried out. The determination of abortifacient activity was carried out using animal model. The observations suggested that the hormonal stability is altered which led to termination of pregnancy.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56193
Title: Preliminary phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial screening of Cassia tora Linn
Author: D Eazhisaivallabi, R Ambika and P Venkatalakshmi
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, phytochemical analysis, Cassia tora Linn
Abstract: In the present study the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Cassia tora were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities against certain pathogenic microorganims. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Saponins, Sterols, Fats and Oils, Phenols, Tannins, Flavanoids and Proteins. The antimicrobial activity was more in methanolic extract than the aqueous extract.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56192
Title: A time course study on the oxidative stability of heated vanaspati stored at different temperatures
Author: Vasudha Bansal, Komal Chauhan, M L Singla and C Ghanshyam
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Vanaspati, Oxidative stability, Shelf life, deep fat frying, deterioration
Abstract: Frying is an important cooking process due to the unique palatability and sensory characteristics of fried foods. Deep fat frying is quite common today at household and commercial level mainly in fast food restaurants, food shops and snack industries. The mechanism of oil uptake during frying is complex and is affected by numerous factors. Frying oil undergoes various deleterious reactions, viz., oxidation, hydrolysis and thermal decomposition, resulting in the formation of numerous constituents which affects the organoleptic characteristics of the fried product, and could pose several health risks. Vanaspati was used for frying purees; cooled and divided into two samples; filtered and unfiltered; both the samples were stored at two different temperatures (250C and 370C) for four days and analyzed for phyical and chemical parameters. Color and odor characteristics of heated vanaspati were evaluated by semi-trained analytical sensory panelists using 9 point hedonic scale. Results revealed that the unfiltered test sample stored at 370C showed a significant increase in saponification value, acid value, peroxide value, and specific gravity with concomitant decrease in iodine value. A similar trend was observed at 250C but less markedly indicating lesser degree of deterioration. Sensory evaluation showed a marked decrease in acceptability in color and odor attributes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56191
Title: Optimization of process parameters and leaching conditions affecting protease production under solid state fermentation
Author: R Chaithanya, C M Akila Bhagavathy and S Mrudula
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Optimization, protease, Bacillus sp., Solid state fermentation and leaching
Abstract: Optimization of process parameters and leaching conditions for imporved production of protease was carried out. The optimum process conditions are incubating temperature at 40 0C, pH 5.0, incubating time of 30 h, moisture content of 1:1.5 and 1:1.75 w/v, inoculum level of 10% v/w, sucrose and urea as carbon and nitrogen sources at 1% (w/w) , respectively. The optimum leaching parameters such as solutions, solvents, contact time and physical state for effective extraction of protease from the fermented bran were found to be glycerol and tap water, 60 min and 100 rpm, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the strain produced 7.95 U of protease per gram dry bacterial bran (DBB). The strain produced about 8.83 times more protease in SSF than in submerged fermentation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56190
Title: Bio efficacy of aqueous rhizome extract of Kyllinga nemoralis (Forster) Dandy and Trichoderma viride Pers. fr against seed borne fungi of Okra
Author: P M Beebi Razeena and Rasheed Ahmad
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Kyllinga nemoralis, Trichoderma viride, seed borne pathogens, Okra
Abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to study the bio efficacy of aqueous rhizome extract of Kyllinga nemoralis. Common weed of Kerala and Trichoderma viride, against seed borne mycoflora of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) moench) cultivated in Malabar, Kerala, India. Seeds of both local and hybrid (salkeerthi) varieties collected during rainy and summer season of 2004 and 2005. In vitro culture studies of Kyllinga nemoralis rhizome extract showed 97.7% inhibition of Aspergillus flavas, 94.4% inhibition of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium moniliforme and 88.8% inhibition of Macrophomina phaseolina, were the four selected dominant pathogenic fungi with a corresponding increase in efficiency in treated seeds under in vitro conditions. The treated seeds also showed an increase in germination (97%) where as under conditions in vitro Trichoderma viride showed inhibition of Fusarium moniliforme and Macrophomina phaseolina (100%) and Aspergillus flavur and Aspergillus niger (83.3%). Germination efficacy of treated seeds invitro showed 83.7%. In both cases an enhanced vigour index was observed. Use of the obove mentioned bioagent showed a drastic reduction of tested pathogenic fungi.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56189
Title: PCR based detection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. the causative agent of leaf spot disease of Murraya koenigii L.
Author: Midhila Padman and G R Janardhana
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, Murraya koenigii, leaf spot disease
Abstract: The cury leaf tree is vulnerable to leaf spot disease characterized by black necrotic spots on leaves. Not much work has been done on leaf spot of Murraya koenigii. Hence this research work has emphasized in elucidating the disease causing agent and determining their roel in producing the observed symptoms. Isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from infected curry leaf were characterized by molecular methods and compared with morphological identification. The two of its universal primer pair used for PCR 5 ' - TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G- 3 ' and 5- TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC- 3 ' determined the causative agent as Colletotrichum gloeosporoides.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56188
Title: Effect of sun exposure on blood pressure in human subjects
Author: Mukesh Kumar, Satish Prakash and Rupesh Tiwari
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Sun exposure, human subjects, blood pressure
Abstract: The paper presents results of experimental studies dealing with the effect of sun exposure on blood pressure in human subjects outdoors. The field experiments were carried out in the month of April, May and June 2006 in Meerut District. Detailed history about age, height weight work, exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking and duration of exposure to sunlight in 221 volunteer subjects (age-20-40 yrs) were taken. Subjects were classified into eight groups according to the duration of exposure to sunlight. Systolic (BPS) and Diastolic (BPD) Blood pressure were recorded in all groups using mercury manometer. Decrease in blood pressure was statistically significant (p< 0.05) and positively co related (r ho = 0.78) with the number of hrs exposed to sunlight. The most obvious conclusion of this study is that sunglight exposure greater than 3 hrs/day is a major factor in the prevention of Hypertension particularly for dark skinned people. The optimum exposure for prevention of Hypertension is 7 - hrs/per day. It seems that mechanisms that play role in blood pressure control during sun exposure area intensive sweating, metabolism of cholesterol and decreased level of stress.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56187
Title: Isolation and characterization of microbes for production of enzyme
Author: R K Pathak, G Glen and Nitin E Pereira
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Protease, folin-lowry, screening, bacteria
Abstract: Protease are among the oldest enzyme known to human being with the molecular weight ranging from 18 to 90 Kda. They are the enzymes that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process kwown as proteolysis. These are found in wide diversity of sources like plant, animals and microorganisms. The microorganisms being the major source. Protease catalyzes the total hydrolysis of protein and have broad scope of usage in the industries. The increasing demand of protease in industries led to isolation of microorganisms producing protease. In the present study the microorganisms were isolated from alkaline soil collected from beach. The serial dilution was performed and 5 bacterial strains were isolated. The growth characteristics were studied. The microorganisms producing protease were screened using folin-lowry method and the activity of enzyme was determined.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56186
Title: Insight of anaemia with socio demographic acquaintances among pregnant women in South India
Author: Hepsibah Palivela, M S Neeharika, V Sai Kumar and M Anusha
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Anaemia, Malnutrition, Pregnant women, Sociodemographic factors, poverty
Abstract: This research investigates the anaemic cases encountered among pregnant women in Tirupati, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh. In India the impact of anaemia recorded alarming mortality rates among the selected population. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Govt. Maternity Hospital of Tirupati for a period of 9 months to acknowledge the impact of anaemia at all the trimesters of the pregnant women. A total of 550 pregnant women were registered. Study variables such as haemoglobin content (tallquist ' s method), age, weight, socio demographic factors like occupation, montly income, education and clinical factors like birth interval and number of abortions were considered. A high prevalence of anaemia (9.09%) among the enrolled patients was observed. A major proportion of them (48.00%) had moderate anaemia. Despite the measures taken to control anaemia in pregnancy, the severity of nutritional anaemia continues to remain a public health issue of greater magnitude, suggesting that these measures have been largely ineffective. Hence, health promotions to improve the diet and iron supplement for woment are required to redress nutritional deficits.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56185
Title: Older alluvium- its origin, distribution, characteristics and productivity in the Brahmaputra valley, Assam, India
Author: Diganta Goswami and Dulal C Goswami
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Older alluvium, Brahmaputra valley, soil characteristics
Abstract: Older alluvium areas of Brahmaputra valley in Assam were identified using maps based on satellite images supplemented with ground truth verification. The major geomorphic units and their distributions were delineated on the map. Three representative locations were identified in the area namely Majuligarh, Negheriting and Makri from three agro climatic zones. Soil samples were collected horizon wise from three exposed pedons of each location. The morphological and physicochemical properties of older alluvium reveal its unique characteristics. Older alluvium soil profiles were very deep, well-drained and highly developed. These are believed to be formed during the Pleistocene time. The soils are dark yellowish brown to reddish brown in colour and finer in texture. Soils are sticky on wetting and hard when dry and compact. Surface soils vary considerably in organic matter (1.3-3.6%) which decreases with depth. Cation exchange capacity (3.2 - 5.6 me/100g), exchangeable cations and base saturation are low. The soils are very strongly to extremely acidic (pH - 4.0 -4.9) in nature. Soils formed on older alluvium vary considerably with associated soil (Old flood plain) in characters like colour, texture, consistence, pH and profile development. Favourable climatic condition, acidic nature and high depth of the soil made the older alluvium area suitable for tea cultivation and other valuable trees. Thus, these soils have tremendous economic significance supporting a large number of tea gardens and lysing well above the present flood level.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56184
Title: Efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum to inhibit the growth of aerobic bacterial burn wound pathogens
Author: Nemade Snehal, Mishra Shweta and M Musaddiq
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Burn wound, bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacteriocin
Abstract: Burns are amongst the most devastating of all injuries with out comes spanning the spectrum from physical impairment and disabilities to emotional and mental consequences Infection in burn patient is leading cause of morbidity and mortality and continue to be one of the most challenging concern for the burn team. Along with host factor contamination by endogenous and exogenous sources increases the risk. Considering the changing epidemiology, high rate of infection, the problem of drug resistance in common pathogenic microorganisms, the present study was planned to determine the bacterial profile of burn wound with its antibiogram study. These days bacterial resistance has become a major cause for the management of burn wound infections. Use of different combinations of antibiotics has shown the possible synergistic effect in the recovery of severe drug resistant infections. Hence, it has led many investigators to search for new drug therapy. However, indiscriminate using of antibiotics has induced abnormalities on the resident normal flora of gastrointestinal tract and led a major problem at digestibility level in the children. Because of this several workers has reported the effect of antibiotics with other bacteriostatic agents. Hence, with the view to minimze the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and to incorporate the bacteriostatic agent in the therapy for the management of burn wound infections, the present investigation has been carried out to evaluate the inhibitory potential of Lactobacillus plantarum against different burn wound associated bacterial isolates. The results revealed the utility of L. plantarum and its derivatives to combat aerobic bacterial burn wound pathogens.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56183
Title: Biochemical and histological studies on hte diabetic management potential of Pterocarpus marsupium in the MSG obese mouse
Author: Priscilla Suresh and C D Lethi
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 1, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiologgy, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: MSG, Homeostasis, Hyperglycemia, Pancreatic histology
Abstract: Obesity is a global public health threat and one of the main risk factors for Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for over 90% of all cases of Diabetes. Obesity related diabetes or adult onset diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, relative insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Accumulation of fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives in muscle and liver produce insulin resistance. Monosodium glutamate is a food additive commonly known as MSG, Ajinomotto, is a sodium salt of glutamic acid. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) 4 mg/g body weight was administered subcutaneously to the noenatal mice. Each animal received eight injections on every alternate day from the 5th day of birth onwards. The mouse was tested for obesity and diabetes on the 60th day. In order to manage type 2 diabetes the Pterocarpus marsupium which is used as hypoglycemic plant in folklore medicine was chosen. The obese mouse was force-fed with Pterocarpus crude extract and Pterocarpus distillate separately every day for 60 days. Lee index of the mouse, fasting blood sugar level, oral glucose tolerance test and pancreatic histology were studied. Administration of MSG has shown impact on Lee index, induced hyperglycemia and the mouse could not show glucose homeostasis. The most marked morphological change in obese mouse was an increase in size of islets and mean islet area was significantly greater in obese mouse compared to the control. P. marsupium treatment to the MSG obese mouse showed hypoglycemia and glucose homeostasis. Pancreatic sections in the Pterocarpus marsupium crude and Pterocarpus marsupium distillate treated obese mouse showed the formation of new islets by neogenesis from pancreatic ducts. In the MSG obese mouse, the effect of the treatement was more significant in Pterocarpus marsupium crude extract than distillate. Pterocarpus marsupium has potential to manage Type 2 diabetes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None