ID: 56467
Title: Effect of wood waste ash on the strength characteristics of concrete
Author: Vaishali G Ghorpade
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Wood waste ash, concrete, Pozzolanic activity
Abstract: The present paper describes the effect of addition of wood waste ash (0-30%) in concrete. Wood ash is an admixture: a pozzolana. Wood ash is generated as a by-product of combustion in wood-fired power platns, paper mills, and other wood burning industries. Wood ash has been added to the concrete in varying percentages ranging from 0 to 30%. The compressive strength and tensile strengths of wood ash concrete was evaluated by conducting laboratory experimentation. The results obtained were compared with reference to M30 grade concrete. The paper presents the various details of experimentation and analysis of results to come up with useful conclusion about the utilization of wood waste ash as an admixture in the concrete.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56466
Title: Physico-chemical studies on water quality characteristics of Bahuda Estuary, Bay of Bengal
Author: Prabhat Kumar Behera and S N Padhy
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bahuda estuary, water quality, productivity, anthropogenic influence
Abstract: The study relates to the observation of various physico-chemical characteristics of the Bahuda estuary. The annual variatoin recorded was for temperature (22.840C - 30.480C), salinity (14.42 - 30.8 ppt), BOD (0.84 - 2.15 mg/L), DO (4.88-6.99 mg/L), pH (7.48-8.44), nitrate (1.866-3.991 mg/L), ammonium (1.295-3.816 ?g/L), phosphate (0.245-0.773 ?g/L) and silicate (20.005-37.180 ?g/L). The water temperature and salinity influence the hydro-chemical processes, which control the other parameters like pH, DO, BOD and nutrient levels in estuarine water. Temperature is positively correlated with salinity and negatively correlated with other water quality parameters of the estuarine water. The limits of water quality parameters were very less than the tolerance limits of fish growth. The BOD values in the estuarine water were relatively higher than other similar studies of the coast, which indicate the high productivity of the coastal war.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56465
Title: Adsorptive treatment of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using Moringa oleifera as an adsorbent
Author: Bhanupriya Mordhiya, Kailash Daga, Suresh Chandra and Sonia Aggarwal
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Methylene blue adsorption, activated carbon, Moringa oleifera, adsorption isotherms
Abstract: The adsorption of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution on low cost adsorbent, prepared from barks of Moringa oleifera, was studied. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms have been reported. The effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial dye concentration on adsorption process was investigated. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equality well. Experiment was done using batch process.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56464
Title: Status of sea cow, Dugong (Dugong dugon) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Author: C Raghunathan, K. Venkataraman, and PT Rajan
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Dugong dugong, Andaman & Nicobar island, extinction
Abstract: Sea cow (Dugong dugon) is the only extant species in the Family Dugongidae and true herbivorous marine mammal. It is listed as vulnerable to extinction at a global scale by the Wold Conservation Union (IUCN). The present paper documents the status of dugong in Andaman and Nicobar islands by collating the published data as well as investigation through undersea surveys in selected places of this archipelago. Based on the existing data on dugong in Andaman and Nicobar islands, it is observed that over the period of 51 years since 1959, a total of 76 dugongs were recorded either in the form of live or dead. Among them 47 dugongs were from Andaman Islands, whereas 29 encountered from Nicobar Islands. The distribution of this mammal is comparatively high in north Andaman, Ritchie ' s Archipelago and Great Nicobar Island. Potential threats and managerial strategies for the effective conservation of dugongs in Andaman and Nicobar Islands have also been discussed in the paper.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56463
Title: Bacterial population dynamics in fly ash anmended soil with and without amelioration by earthworms
Author: Sitara Jabeen and M P Sinha
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Fly ash amended soil, earthworm, Drawida willsi, bacterial population
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to study the bacterial population in fly ash amended soil with and without earthworm inoculation in laboratory by dilution plate method. It was found that in presence of Drawida willsiat 5% fly ash (FA) amendment showed maximum population of 43.2 +1.15 x 109cfu/g soil from initial population. At 10% and 15% FA amendment gradual decline to 14.3+ 0.4 x 109 and 7.63 +0.6 x 109cfu/g soil from 21.7+ 0.36 x 109 and 15.33+ 1.1x 109 cfu/g soil over 90 days of experiment at an interval of 15 days was observed. In absence of earthworms gradual decline in population was seen in the three concentrations of fly ash amendment to 22.7+ 0.5 x 109, 11.6+ 0.7 x 109 and 3.43+ 0.7 x 109 cfu/g soil respectively. ANOVA test showed that with earthworms the effect of concentration of FA on the bacterial population was significant (F=69.9, df =6,2,p< 0.05) and in the absence of earthworm both concentration and time interval played a significant role (F=155.1, df = 6,2 , p< 0.1; F = 10.5, df = 6,2 , p< 0.00). Lower dose of 5% fly ash in soil proved to be optimum for the bacterial activity in the presence of earthworms. Morphologicla details of different bacterial colonies were assessed and found to be of punctiform, irregular, circular adn fimamentous shapes with punctiform dominating the culture.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56462
Title: Pytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity fo Euphorbia hirta linn. and Tiliacora acuminata Miers
Author: C J Kamya, A R Raju and M P Subin
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Phytochemical analysis, Antibacterial activity, pathogneic bacteria, plant extracts
Abstract: Methanol and water extracts of leaf, stem and root of Euphorbia hirta Linn. and Tiliacora acuminate Miers. were screened for their phytochemical compounds and in vitro antibacterial activity against two medically important pathogenic bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus adn Pseudomonas fluorescens. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of several phytoconstituents in both the plant species and many of these have been investigated scientifically for antimicrobial activity. In vitro antibacterial study was done using Agar Well Diffusion method, and the study reveals the methanol leaf extracts of E. hirta and methanol root extracts of T. acuminata recorded highest activity against both the test organisms.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56461
Title: Morphometric analysis of sub-basins in and around Malur taluk, Kolar district, Karnataka using Remote Sensing and GIS technique
Author: S N Ramaiah, G S Gopalakrishna, S Srinivasa Vittala and K Md Najeeb
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Kanamanahalli sub-basin, Devaraguttahalli sub-basin, Morphometric analysis, Remote sensing, GIS technique
Abstract: The study reveals that remote sensing and GIS techniques proved to be the competent tool in analysing various morphometric parameters. The drainage network of Kanamanahalli and Devaraguttahalli sub-basins were delineated using false colour composite (FCC) of IRS-1C/1D merged satellite data on 1:50,000 scale. SOI toposheets were used as reference with limited field work. The study area falls in Ponnaiyar river basin covering an area of 686 sq.km comprising two sub-basins namely Kanamanahalli and Devaraguttahalli having an area of 439 sq.km and 247 sq.km respectively in and around Malur taluk of Kolar district. The morphometric analysis of these two sub-basins shows that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. Stream order ranges from first to sixth order. Drainage density varies between 1.57 and 1.88 km/km2 and has coarse to fine drainage texture. The relief ratio ranges from 0.0111 to 0.0117. The mean bifurcation ratio varies from 3.51 to 4.86 which fall under normal basin category. The elongation ratio shows that these sub-basins are associated with high relief and steep ground slopes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56460
Title: Biology of Cyprinus carpio communis from Dal lake, Kashmir with reference to food and feeding habits, length-weight relationship, and fecundity
Author: Shaheena Shafi, F A Bhat, A R Yousuf and Muni Parveen
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Cyprinus carpio communis, food and feeding habits, length-weight relationship, fecundity, gastrosomatic index, gonadosomatic index
Abstract: A total of 143 specimens of Cyprinus carpio communis were collected from Dal Lake, ranging in length fro 144 mm to 414 mm, and in weight from 40 g to 4450 g. The length-weight relationship of the two sexes exhibited significant differences in growth co-efficient (b) and showed deviations from cube law (Male ' n ' = 3.15 and Female ' n ' = 2.80). Gut contents of the fish revealed that on an average, decayed organic matter (detritus) formed 45% of total food, while the remaining food consisted of both plant and animla matter. Arthropods and macrophytes formed the main or basic food, whereas, oligochaetes, protozoa, rotifers and algae constituted its secondary food. The molluscan and fish remains formed the incidental food. On the basis of gut content analysis, the fish was designed as detri-omnivore. Gastrosomatic index (Ga.S.I) recorded highest value in July, while lower values were recorded in February. Condition factor (Kn) recorded highest value during March in both the sexes. Condition factor as well as gastrosomatic index exhibited a decreasing trend from higher length groups to smaller ones. Absolute fecundity of the fish varied from 3173 to 629230 and the relative fecundity fluctuated in the range of 21-230 with a mean value of 91.17. The largest length group exhibited higher fecundity than smaller ones, and its Go. S. I indicated the fish to be spring breeder.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56459
Title: Characterisation of groundwater quality and its suitability study in parts of lower Vellar Watershed, Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu
Author: K Karthikeyan and S Poongothai
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater quality, Geo-chemical parameters, Piper trilinear diagram, Gibb ' s diagram, USSL diagram
Abstract: Groundwater quality form a part of lower Vellar watershed has been examined to characterize the geochemical conditions and its suitability for domestic and agricultural uses. The water samples were collected from shallow bore wells at different locations of the study area. The physico-chemical attributes such as pH, electrical conductivity, Ca2+, Na+,Mg2+,K+,HCO3-, Cl-,SO42-, hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS) and nitrate were analysed using standard laboratory tests. The other determinants such as sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium (Na%), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were calculated from the observed data. The pH and electrical conductivity varied from 4.47 to 9.46 and 500?mhos/cm to 6710 ?mhos/cm respectively. The TDS and total hardness ranged from 323.0 mg/L to 4363.0 mg/L and 18.2 mg/L to 964.0 mg/L respectively. The range of chemical concentration of cations such as Ca2+, Na+,Mg2+,K+ was traces to 62.2 mg/L, 19.4 to 196.9 mg/L, 6.3 to 333.90 mg/L, 0.08 to 167.70 mg/L, while that of anions HCO3-, Cl-,SO42-, was traces to 6.0 mg/L, 38.0 to 1392.0 mg/L and 5.0 to 80.0 mg/L respectively. Nitrate varied from traces to 1.0 mg/L. The graphical interpretation of modified Piper trilinear, USSL and Gibb ' s diagrams represent Ca2+>Na+ and Cl->SO42- facies, C1S2 field and rock -water interaction respectively. The result shows that most of the samples were not exceeded the maximum permissible limit of prescribed standard for drinking by ISI and hence, it is suitable for drinking, industrial and irrigational purposes. The level of precipitation, interaction with formation and discharge nature of the study area could have considerable contribution.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56458
Title: Optimization of Photo-Fenton treatment of mature landfill leachate
Author: Gan Chin Heng, Emad Soliman Elmolla and Malay Chaudhuri
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Photo-Fenton, mature landfill leachate, Response surface methodology (RSM)
Abstract: Photo-Fenton treatment of a mature landfill leachate was optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum operating variables to achieve 70% removal of COD, 80% removal of colour and 80% removal of NH3-N were: H2O2/COD molar ratio 3.75, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio 10.5 and irradiation time 1.5h. There was good agreement (<2% error) between experimental removal efficiency and model prediction. The characteristics of the photo-Fenton treated leachate were: NH3-N 112 mg/L, colour 108 Pt-Co Unit, COD 350 mg/L, BOD5 116mg/L and BOD5/COD ratio 0.33, indicating that the treated leachate was amenable to biological treatment. The study has revealed that RSM is an effective tool to optimize the treatment process and photo-Fenton is an effective pretreatment of mature landfill leachate for biological treatment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56457
Title: Phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of Croton hirtus L ' Her. plant against some important pathogenic bacteria
Author: M P Subin and Navya Reghu
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Croton hirtus extracts, pathogenic bacteria, antibacterial activity, phytoconstituents
Abstract: The present study is aimed at evaluating the in vitro antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of Croton hirtus L ' Her. against ten medically important bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp., Slamonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtili, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Proteus sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial properties of shoot, root and whole plant extacts of C. hirtus were investigated separately in methanol, ethanol, chloroform, acetone and water. Phytochemical screeing reveals the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, glycosides, terpenoids, anthroquinone, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The methanol extract exhibited higher and wider range of activity against majority of the test organims. The shoot methanol extracts recorded highest activity against Bacillus thuringiensis (13.67 mm ZOI and MIC of 600 ?g/mL) and Salmonella paratyphi (12.5 mm ZOI and MIC of 800? g/mL). The methanol whole plant extracts demonstrated highest activity against Salmonella typhii (13.33 mm ZOI and MIC of 700 ?g/mL) whereas methanol root extracts demonstrated highest against Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.33 mm ZOI and MIC of 800 ?g/mL) and Enterococcus sp . (10.5 mm ZOI and MIC of 1000?g/mL). The performance of methaol extracts was followed by chloroform extracts. The chloroform whole plant extracts showed the highest activity against Escherichia coli (14.67 mm ZOI and MIC of 400 ?g/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.67 mm ZOI and MIC of 800 ?g/mL), whereas chloroform shoots extracts against Pseudomonas fluorescens (12.33 mm ZOI and MIC of 900 ?g/mL). The highest activity against Proteus sp. was recorded in shoot acetone extracts (10.67 mm ZOI and MIC of 1000 ?g/mL). Water and ethanol extracts demonstrated the least activity against the test bacteria.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56456
Title: Advancing the Diffusion of digital spatial data handling for upgrade of decision support for the regional environmental managers
Author: Nasrin Baby and Jim Peterson
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Digital spatial data, GIS, Decision support, data directory
Abstract: History shows that from time to time, progress in advancing functionality in one or other of these requirements has contained the diffusion and adoption process. In Australia, at present, it is adoption by third-tier government agencies and local organisations that is such that the biggest gap between potential and actual deployment is exhibited. Especially, can it be argued from a survey of local-area (e.g. LGA, DSE regional offices) GIS Lab data processing practice, that there is a lack of data flow coherence. This paper presents results of an analysis of the relative signficance of constraints upon adoption of the full power of digital spatial data handling with coherence in the service of the PINP and related organisations. The coherence problem is shown to be overcoe by adopting a data directory model including well-trailed data dictionaries. The biggest constraint is shown to be access to adequate software for data sharing and maintenance; mainly a problem of finding the funds to pay proprietary software license fees. Although this is not unusual, it is shown that recent advances in efforts to promote data sharing and spatial data visualisation, worldwide (in the form of open-source software) promise a revolution in the construction of detailed geographies (time and space) such that transparency and utility are greatly improved, and the user-base of the digital spatial database can greatly increase in size by extending itself to include many naive users. Exemplification is made using several decision support tasks faced by Phillip Island natural park rangers, Shire environment officers and community LANDCARE groups. GIS, empowering the regional environmental managers in the interests of maximising the value of spatial information and the implementation of public policy promoting diffusion of digital spatial data handling and transparency in government. This main aim of this paper is the out-reach web GIS for regional environmental managers.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56455
Title: Cadmium-induced changes in antioxidative enzyme activities and content of leaf pigments in Cajanus cajan (L)
Author: Kailash P Patel and Kalpesh M Patel
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Cadmium-induced changes, Cajanus cajan, antioxidative enzymes, leaf pigments
Abstract: Experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (10 ppm, 20 ppm and 30 ppm) on antioxidant enzyme activities and leaf pigment content of Cajanus cajan. Content of chlorophyll -a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids in primary leaves of Cajanus cajan was decreased with increase in cadmium concentration. Chlorophyll-b was more sensitive than chlorophyll-a to cadmium stress. Activities of enzymes such as CAT and POD were enhanced with increase in cadmium treatment. More increase was observed in leaves as compared to root and stem.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56454
Title: Environmental geological baseline study of obite gas plant, Eastern Niger delta, Nigeria
Author: P O Youdeowei and H O Nwankwoala
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Obite gas plant, Geological baseline study, boreholes, overburden
Abstract: In this study, a total of six (6) boreholes were sunk with rotary drilling equipment to depths of about 60 ft (about 18.30 m ) for BH1, BH2 and BH 3. Boreholes 4, 5 and 6 were drilled to 13.60m, 12.60m and 12.20m, respectively. The measured static water levels fall between 4.45m, 3.75m, 0.94m, 6.30m, 6.10m and 6.20m for BH1, BH2, BH3, BH4, BH5 and BH 6, respectively. All the boreholes are overlain by a reddish brown, fine grained, silty clay overburden of 3.00m to 4.60m in thickness. This is followed by a thinner stratum of dark brown, fine-medium grained, clayey sand in BH4 and BH5, which is absent in BH6. Another layer of silty clay underlies this formation in both the boreholes with a 0.9m thickness of clayey sand in BH4 preceding the sand and gravelly sand aquifer. There is less measure of uniformity in lithostratigraphic correlation between BH6 and the other two boreholes located within proximate vicinity. Below the overlying silty clay soil, BH6 records a rhythmic succession of loose sand and medium to very coarse, and moderately plastic, gravelly silty clay intercalations, before the aquifer (gravelly sand) is encountered. With respect to the area, the subsurface drainage pattern is multi-directional from north-east to the south-west and vice versa, with the migration being more inclined west-wards towards the location of BH3, which records the lowest depth to water table. Leachates introduced at a given point in the area will migrate as pollution plumes along these flow paths.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56453
Title: Isolation, characterisation and enhanced amylase activity of a Chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial strain, Bacillus stearothermophillus
Author: K Savitha and D N Saraswathi Raman
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Amylase activity, Chlorphyrifos, Bacillus stearothemophillus
Abstract: In the present investigation a bacterial strain was isolated from agricultural soil sample polluted with insecticide chlorpyrifos, and the growth pattern was determined. Characteristic feature of the strain indicates that it belongs to the genus Bacillus and species Stearothermophillus. The amylase activity was studied in the presence and absence of the pollutant and it was found that the bacterium growth in the presence of the pollutant showed a significant increase in the enzymatic activity by 140 ?g/g/min.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None