ID: 56482
Title: Historical rainfall-runoff modeling of river Ogunpa, Ibadan, Nigeria
Author: A A Adegbola and J K Jolayemi
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: iSee - Indian Society for Education and Environment
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Rainfall run-off model, River Ogunpa, Nigeria
Abstract: Flooding in major cities like the city of Ibadan, the largest urban centre south of the Sahara, Africa, is a common phenomena. Flooding occurred in several areas of the city each time when Ogunpa River overflowed its banks. Flood damage mitigation measures were necessitated by increased runoff due to rapid urbanization of the catchment area coupled with inadequate runoff data along the river course. Ogunpa River gained its national and international notoriety when many lives and properties worth billions of Naira were lost in the floods of 1960, 1963, 1978, 1980 and 2011. This study was conducted at Queen Elizabeth gauging station to develop an historical rainfall-runoff model for River Ogunpa. The model developed was a linear regression approach considering the effects of previous and current rainfall on the flow of the effluent streams. Average daily net rainfall data and average daily rainfall were regressed against average daily runoff data. Using linear regression method Net rainfall values (R ' ) and rainfall values (R) were regressed against the corresponding discharge (Q) arrived at correlation coefficients of 0.66975 and 0.71191989 respectively. Utilizing 101 years of rainfall records for Ibadan City, runoff data for Ogunpa River were derived. This data could serve as a veritable hydrologic input in the design of embankment flood mitigation structures for River Ogunpa. It is recommended that to find a lasting solution to the menacing frequent flooding more runoff gauging stations be provided along the river course of Ogunpa River within Ibadan metropolis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56481
Title: Biochemical characterization of Biomphalaria arabica, the molluscan intermediate host for Schistosomes in Saudi Arabia
Author: Najat Hamed, Sooad Al-Daihan, Afaf El-Ansary and Ramesa Shafi Bhat
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: iSee - Indian Society for Education and Environment
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Biomphalaria arabica, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosomiasis, Saudi Arabia, Human helminthes infection
Abstract: Schistosomiasis is the most important human helminth infection in terms of morbidity and mortality. The present study provides a comparative analysis on Biomphalaria arabica, the intermediate hosts of schistosoma mansoni from two different areas having different prevalence level of Shcistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia. B. arabica snails were collected from Riyadh and Hofuf district, and the levels of various enzymes like aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST, ALT), Lactate dehydrogenate (LDH), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP, ALP), ? amylase and lipases were measured in the tissue homogenate of snails, to confirm the relationship between the biochemical and endemic of the disease. Also amino acid profile of B. arabica was detemined using amino acid analyzer. The result showed higher levels of AST and LDH in the sample of B. arabica from Hofuf as compared to Riyadh while ALT, ACP, ALK,? amylase and lipase enzymes were found lower in samples fro Hofuf as compared to Riyadh. The amino acid profile shows that Riyadh samples have remarkably higher levels of most of the measured amino acids. The present study confirms that biochemical profile of B. arabica is critically important for the success of schistosome life cycle and that snail host definitely plays a part in prevalence of the disease.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56480
Title: In vitro molecular assessment of Cyanobacteria for salt tolerance
Author: Alekha Kumar Ghadai, Diptikanta Acharya, Sunil Kumar and Sailabala Padhi
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Cyanobacteria, salt tolerance, molecular assessment, pigments
Abstract: Blue green algae (Cyanobacteria) constitute the largest, most diverse and most widely distributed group of photosynthetic prokaryotes. These are known to be primary colonizers of inhospitable ecosystems in which they colonized almost all kinds of aquatic ecosystems. Salt tolerance is a good taxonomic character too because of their diverse morphological organization and different biochemical machineries. Four species of cyanobacteria, namely Oscillatoria tenue, Lyngbya estruarii, scytonema major and Calothrix juliana were collected from the salt pans of Huma and cultured in medium containing varying concentrations of 0 to 25 ppt of NaCl for 20 days to asses the tolerance level of them. The growth and various macromolecular contents were determined along with the pigments on 20th day of culture. These organisms are able to tolerate the salt concentration of 5 ppt to 15 ppt.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56479
Title: Water quality profile of Kas reserviour of Satara district, Maharashtra, India
Author: S M Pawar and S R Sonawane
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Kas reservoir, water quality index, drinking water standards
Abstract: The present study was intended to calculate water quality index (WQI) of Kas reservoir. The quality was assessed by examining various physico-chemical parameters namely pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chloride for which no earlier reports are available on this water body. The quality of water was assessed for public consumption, recreation and other purposes. From the investigation, it was found that some of the parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, hardness and chloride are within the permissible limits but others like TDS and BOD exceeded slightly above the permissible limits laid by WHO, BIS and ICMR. The results indicate excellent status of the water body. But in future there is a need by authorities to take some concrete steps for maintenance of the reservoir for better health of people residing in that area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56478
Title: Analysis of atmospheric fungal biopollutants in the intramural air environment of a library and its relevance to book deterioration and allergic diseases
Author: K R Hogale, A V Karne and B D Patil
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Library environment, fungal biopollutants, book deterioration, allergic diseases
Abstract: The fungal spore incidence inside a working library was recorded by operating Rotorod Air Sampler for a period of three months. Apart from dust particles, altogether 47 type of biopollutants were identified of which 42 belonged to fungal spore types and remaining 5 types belonged to group ' other types ' . Out of the total 42 fungal spores. 29 belonged to Deutoeromycotina, 8 to Ascomycotina, 3 to Basidiomycotina and 2 to Zygomycotina. The spore types of Caldosporium (26.21%), Aspergilli + Penicilli (22.32%), Mucor + Rhizopus (4.92%) Alternaria (4.42%), Curvularia (3.22%), Nigrospora (2.84%), hyaline threads (2.57%), Leptosphaeria (2.24%), rust spores (2.04%) and Torula (2.02%) were found to occur in a relatively higher concentration. Biopollutants obtained peak in the month of September (34070/m3 of air) with 43.8 spore percentage, when there was a record of 46.7 mm rainfall, average mean temperature of 24.50C and relative humidity of 86.2%. The significance of fungal spore types recorded as biodeteriogens and aeroallergens was considered. The daily temperature, relative humidity and rainfall was recorded and the effect of prevailing weather on the incidence of fungal airspora is reported in this paper.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56477
Title: Treatment of wastewater using different fixed beds reactors-A pilot plant study
Author: A R Vinod and R M Mahalingegowda
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Wastewater treatment, Fixed bed reactors, Fibrous coconut coir, corrugated sheets
Abstract: The present investigation was aimed to study removal of COD and NH3-N in two fixed bed reactors, one filled with fibrous coconut coir and the other with alternate pebble bed with corrugated sheets. The experimental study was conducted for a batch mode of operation. The bio-reactors were continuoulsly aerated and fed with hostels sullage having an initial average COD of 890 mg/L and NH3-N of 70 mg/L. The reactor with coconut coir showed appreciable amount of COD removal of 79% to 84% and nitrification of 56% to 71% for a detention period of 4-16 hrs. The reactor with alterate pebble bed with corrugated sheets showed COD removal of 70% to 75% and NH3-N of 50% to 65%. The use of various fixed beds having higher surface area is effective in removing COD and nitrogen levels in domestic sullage with high organic impurities. Fibrous materials like coconut coir seem to be a promising option in removal of COD and NH3-N comparing to conventional attached growth bed such as pebble bed along with corrugated sheets.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56476
Title: Litter production studies in a Lake Margin ecosystem
Author: Mayank Singh, O P Singh ' Vatsa ' and M P Singh
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Litter production, productivity, biomass, Lake margin ecosystem
Abstract: The paper deals with an evaluation of magnitude of periodic change in biomass and productivity of litter in the neglected or abandoned land (Site-I) and winter season cultivated land or crop lands (Site -II) at ' Gujar Tal ' lake margin Jaunpur (U.P). The slight sloping lake-land ecotones of both the sites were distinguished into two zones, i.e. upper and lower. The peak biomass value of litter at Site-I was 79.44 g. m-2 in the upper zone and 43.12 g.m-2 in the lower zone both in the month of May. The maximum litter accumulation during the fallow period of Site-II was 52.46 g.m-2 in October in the lower zone after recession of flood-water. In contrast, in crop period of Site-II, it was 59.12 g.m-2 and 69.15g.m-2 at the age of 120 days in upper and lower zones, respectively. The peak productivity value of litter at Site-I was 1.50 g.m-2 day-1 in the upper zone and 0.70 g.m-2 day-1 in the lower zone both in the month of May. The highest productivity values of litter of plant community in the fallow lands of Site-II were 1.25 g.m-2 day-1 in upper zone in the month of March, and 1.10 g.m-2 day-1 in October in the lower zone. The net productivity of litter during crop period of Site-II was 2.63 and 2.98 g.m-2 day1at the age of 15 days of crop during November in the upper and lower zones. The annual litter production at Site-I was 87.67 g.m-2 yr-1 in the upper zone followed by 67.79 g.m-2 Yr-1in the lower ozne. Their respective peak annual production at Site -II was 91.12 and 141.24 g.m-2 yr-1. Analysis of variance for litter biomass at Site-I showed that variation due to zones and months both was significant (p<0.001), while at the site-II it was not significant both due to months and depths.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56475
Title: Assessment of groundwater pollution based on bacteriological study in Thrissur city, Kerala, India
Author: R B Binoj Kumar and Anet Panakkal
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater pollution, Bacteriological study, Thrissur city
Abstract: This study is intended to assess the likely contaminated of groundwater in the shallow aquifer, owing to the gratuitors invasion of microorganims in Thrissur Corporation. One of the ailing effects of urbanization is water pollution due to the incursion of faecal coliforms into groundwater resources, predominantly cramped to open wells. The outcome denotes that the water is habitually contaminated and the degree of contagion is elevated in the vicinity of temporary shelters of migrant workers. Predictable rationale for this is the admixture of human excreta and animalwaste with the groundwater. Thus, insistent stage are recommended to the Corporation officials to deal with this distress at once to guarantee provision for hygienic drinking water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56474
Title: Pollution load of four heavy metals in water, sediment and benthic organisms in the Kulti riverof Sundarban fed by metropolitan sewage
Author: Anirban Akhan, Abhra Chanda, Pranabes Sanyal and Sugata Hazra
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Heavy metals, Kulti river, Metropolitan sewage, pollution load index, concentration factors
Abstract: The degree of heavy metal contamination was estimated in the river water, sediments and benthic organisms in the Kolkata metropolitan sewage outfall zone and downstream areas along the Kulti River tract. Four heavy metals namely Cr, Pb, Zn and Cd were studied seasonally. The hierarchy of heavy metals in the water samples and sediments was found in the order Zn>Pb>Cr>Cd and Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd respectively in most of the cases. Among the four heavy metals, Pb was found to be beyond the permissible limit recommended by Central Pollution Control Board in India for inland discharge. The extent of contamination by Cd is very prominent in the sediments followed by Pb, which is observed not only in the outfall region but also found persistent in the downstream stations. On the other hand contamination of Zn and Cr was not found to be widespread. Contamination in sediments of teh outfall zone was most pronounced during the monsoon, while in the same season it was observed least in case of water samples. The pollution load index study revealed that the overall metal pollution load depleted towards the downstream. Among the two benthic organisms studied, metals were found to be accumulated more in Uca rosea than Boleopthalmus spp.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56473
Title: Contamination of heavy metals in seafood marketed from Virar and Bhayender markets of suburban areas of Mumbai
Author: G V Zodape, V L Dhawan and R R Wagh
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Seafood, heavy metals, fish, Mumbai suburban markets
Abstract: Seafood is the major source of food of large number of people residing in the coastal areas of Maharashtra Fish samples namely Arius dussumieri, Parastromateus niger, Harpadon nehereus, Dasyatis uranak and Carcharhinus limbatus from Virar Market, and Nemipterus japonicus, Harpadon nehereus, Coilia dussumieri, Johnius sina and Megalaspis cordyla from Bhayender Market were collected directly from the two suburban markets of Mumbai coast. The fish samples were dried in the laboratory and the dried fishes were crushed into a fine powder by mortar and pestle and stored in amber coloured bottles in vacuum desiccators. These samples were later used for determination of the six heavy metals namely zinc, manganese, iron, lead, cadmium and mercury by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. It is reported in the literature that the level of Zn in fishes is generally above the tolerable limits. In the present study it was found that the level of Zn in fishes from Virar and Bhayender markets was also above the tolerable limits. The data for Mn are comparable with the similar data reported by other workers. Iron was the dominant metal measured during the study. From this study, it was found that the concentration of Fe in different species of fishes was quite high as also reported in the earlier literature. Thus, the values of Fe in present study suggest severe contamination in seafood in recent years. The level of Pb, in this study is within tolerance limits. The concentration of Cd in the fishes was far lower than the consumption safety tolerance in fishes set by countries worldwide. According to the results obtained, the Hg level in the fishes was found to be below the tolerance limits. It was also fouind that the emtal ion concentration was having a trend of increasing in winter season as compared to the pre monsoon seasons.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56472
Title: Environmental audit of distillery industry: A case study of Kumbhi Kasari distillery factory, Kuditre, Kolhapur
Author: T B Rao, S G Chonde, P R Bhosale, A S Jadhav and P D Raut
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Environmental audit, Distillery industry, waste minimization
Abstract: Environmental Audit is intended to quantify environmental performance and environmental position of an industry. Environmental audit report ideally contains a statement of environmental performance and position but may also aim to define what needs to be done to improve upon indicators of such performance and position. Present study is related to environmental audit of a distillery unit located near Kolhapur in Maharashtra. The environmental audit identified the various waste streams, waste minimization and treatment options in the distillery industry. The paper aims to substantiate the intension that the use of environmental audit practices help the industry to increase its productivity, and at the same time maintaining the environment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56471
Title: Isolation and identification of pesticide resistant bacteria from agricultural soil
Author: Swati R Bipte, Padmini S Parmar and M Musaddiq
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Pesticide resistant bacteria, Fipronil, Imidacloprid, Agricultural soil
Abstract: The present study reports the identification of pesticide resistant isolates i.e., E. coli, Azotobacter sp., Rhizobium sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilits, which are capable of utilizing the pesticides Fipronil and Imidacloprid as a sources of carbon. Utilization of these harmful chemical compounds by soil microorganisms is a crucial phenomenon by which these compounds are removed from the environment, thus preventing environment pollution. Results from the present study showed that the isolates such as P aeruginosa, E. coli, B subtilis, Azotobacter sp. and Rhizobium species are able of growing in a medium in presence of added pesticides and may, therefore, be used for bioremediation of pesticide contaminated soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56470
Title: An epidemiological survey of occupationally exposed Beedi workers to tobacco dust
Author: K Rudrama Devi and Jithender Kumar Naik
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Epidemiological survey, Beedi workers, tobacco dust, reproductive end points
Abstract: Subjects occupationally exposed to potential mutagens/carcinogens represent the most suitable groups for epidemiological studies aimed at assessing the risk for the individual or the offspring. Several cancer risks to humans have been detected by epidemiological studies performed in occupational settings. The epidemiology studies have been able (a) to identify specific occupations or agents associated with the risk; (b) to verify the results of experimental studies; and (c) to test the effectiveness of changes in production or preventive measures in decreasing risks. Reproductive epidemiology has suggested a risk of spontaneous abortions or of malformation in the offspring of workers exposed to some chemicals or occupations, but data are often conflicting due to methodological problems. With the aim of early assessment of risk in mind,the epidemiological use of indicators of exposure or of the early effect of exposure to genotoxic agents is increasingly applied to occupational groups. Data on the fertility and other reproductive and points in 128 women beedi rollers exposed to tobacco dust were recorded by using standard questionnaire. The exposed group were further categorized based on duration of exposure, life style, smoking and non-smoking and socio-economic status. The statistical analysis shows that the differences in the reproductive end points between the control and exposed groups were significant (P<0.05).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56469
Title: Morphometric analysis of Nanjangud taluk, Mysore district, Karnataka, India using GIS technique
Author: G Mahadevaswamy, D Nagaraju, C Papanna, P C Nagesh and Krishna Rao
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Morphometric analysis, drainage characteristics, Nanjanagud taluk, Sub-basins, GIS
Abstract: An attempt has been made to study drainage morphometry and its influence on hydrology of Nanjanagud taluk. For detailed study, data for preparing DEM, aspect grid and slope maps, geographic information system (GIS) was used in evaluation of linear, areal and relief asepcts of morphometric parameters. The study reveals that the elongaetd shape of the area is mainly due to guiding effect of thrusting and faulting. In all 41 sub-basins in Nanjangud taluk have been selected for the study. Quantitative morphometric analysis has been carried out for linear, relief and aerial aspects for all the sub-basins. The streams up to fourth order can be seen in all the sub-basins. The morphometric analysis reveals that Hullahalli sub-basin has lower value of drainage density, stream frequency, elongation ratio, relief ratio and infiltration number indicating highly permeable sub-soil materials under dense vegetation cover. Except Hullahalli sub-basin, all the other sub-basins show fractured, resistant, permeable rocks and drainage network seems to be not affected by tectonic disturbances.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56468
Title: A comparative study of some chemical and biological characteristics of coastal and estuarine waters of three regions along coastal Maharashtra
Author: Chetan Ponkshe
Editor: Prof P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Coastal waters, Coastal Maharashtra, Chemical characteristics, Biological characteristics
Abstract: The 720 km long indented coastline of Maharashtra, that comprises the coastal districts of Thane, Raigad, Greater Bombay, Ratnagiri and Sindhudung, is marked by the presence of major estuarines and narrow creeks. These coastal waters receive huge volumes of treated and untreated industrial waste, sewage, etc., thus depleting the water quality along the stretches. In the present study carried out at Mumbai, Dharamtar adn Guhagar coast, it was observed that the Mumbai coast is highly affected showing low values of dissolved oxygen and high total dissolved content thereby affecting the productivity of the region.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None