ID: 56977
Title: Complete recycle bioreactor for anaerobic digestion of organic substrates: Food waste
Author: Bodkhe S Y and Vaidya A N
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2012
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 16 (2), June 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion (AD) food waste, HRTs, biogas, nutrients
Abstract: A study of anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) was carried out in complete recycle anaerobic bioreactor under ambient temperature conditions. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) obtained at three different hydraulic retention times (HRT), 5 days (d), 7d and 10 d were 62%, 78% and 84% respectively The appropriate HRT for the reactor was found to be 7d with 73% TS and 79% VS removal. The feed stock had well balanced nutrients as detected by nutrient analysis. The C/N ratio of digestate varied between 20 to 27. Seed germination of 100% and increase of 49% in plant growth were observed in plants supplied with digestate as compared to control samples. The study indicated feasibiity of semi continuously operated complete recycle anaerobic bio-reactor for FW slurry treatment.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56976
Title: Fly ash-sewage sludge mixture as a barrier of heavy metal leaching
Author: Kharuba Monika, Rajora Anita and Mittal Susheel K
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2012
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 16 (2), June 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Fly ash, sewage sludge, heavy metals, nitric acid, leaching
Abstract: Three different mixtures of fly ash and sewage sludge (FA/SS) in the ratio of 1:1, 4:1 and 4:1 were taken to study the leaching of heavy metal ions in the aqueous medium. Samples were shaken on rotatory shaker with controlled conditions of temperature (26 + 10C) and contact time. It was found that for 5 g of the sample mixture, 2.5 mL dose of the acid, 2 hours shaking time and pH >3 were the conditions to achieve best results of arresting leaching of heavy metal ions. The analysis of five different heavy metals: Pd, Cd, Ni, Cu and Co was carried out with the help of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It was observed that maximum percentage removal for different metals showed the following trend: Pb - 1:4 (95%) in fourth wash, Cd - 4:1(36.3%) in second wash, Ni - 4:1 (78%) in third wash, Cu - 4:1 (35.2%) in third wash. Co was absent in all the samples and was removed completely.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56975
Title: Characterization and In Vitro degradation studies of synthesized polylactide (PLA)
Author: Srivastava Gaurava, Mondal Ankita and Srivastava Pradeep
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2012
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 16 (2), June 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Polylactide, In vitro, Degradation, GPC, DSC
Abstract: Biodegradable polymers represent a useful class of biomaterials. In this study, a biodegradable polymer, poly (L-Lactide) (PLA), synthesized by the optimized process1 was charactreized for its suitability for biomedical applications. A pre-polymer was synthesized by carrying out a controlled condensation reaction, then post-polymerized by ring opening the pre-polymer at 1650C. In this apper, the synthesized polymer was charactreized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Viscometry, GPC and DSC. Measurements on the mechanical properties of PLA testified that the synthesized polymers are polymers with low hardness and big elongation and hydrolytic degradation of the polymer beads in a buffer of pH 7.4 at 370C showed that PLA had excellent degradability (all the heads show the weight losses more than 60% after 2 weeks incubation). Degradation study shows that hydrolytic breakdown of PLA polymers is strongly influenced by the presence of BSA in the degradation media. The material is expected to be useful for controlled drug delivery and other biomedical applications.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56974
Title: Synthesis and X-ray structures of two acidic cobalt (III) complex salts based on oxamide dioxime ligand system
Author: Gouet Bebga, Mbiangue Y A, Nenwa J and Fokwa B P T
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2012
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 16 (2), June 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Cobalt complexes, oxamide dioxime, crystal structure, hydrogen-bonding, perchlorate and sulfate salts
Abstract: The new cobalt (III) complex salts, tris (oxamidedioxime - k2N, N ' ) cobalt (III) triperchlorate, [Co (H2oxado)3](ClO4)3 (1) and oxamide dioximato (1-)-k2N,N ' bis (oxamide dioxime -k2 N,N ' ) cobalt (III) sulphate hydrate, [Co(Hoxado)(H2oxado)2] SO4. H2O (2), have been synthesized in aqueous medium and characterized. Single crystal X-ray analysis reveals that both compounds belong to the monoclinic system. 1 crystallizes in the space group P21/c, with a 13.4207 (9), b = 17.9378 (12), C = 10.0136 (7) ?, ? = 106.738 (1)0, V = 2308.5 (3) ?3 , Z = 4; 2 crystallizes in the same space group but with a different setting P21/n, with a = 11.9371 (9), b = 11.7161 (9), c = 13.5154 (11) ?, ?= 100.7700(10)0, V = 1856.9 (3)?3 , Z = 4. In the complex cations of both salts, the central cobalt (III) ion is in a strongly distorted octahedral coordination of six imino N atoms of the oxamide dioxime ligand system. The doubly charged cation of 2 ought to be regarded as the product of a single deprotonation of the triply charged cation of 1-a process reminiscent of catalytic or biological reactions involving transfer of protons. O-H...O and N-H...O bridgings reinforce the three-dimensional crystal packing of the two systems.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56973
Title: Integrating delayed coking process into Nigeria ' s refinery configuration
Author: E J Akpabio and E J Ekott
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: Indian Society for Enducation and Environment , Issue 6, Vol 5, June 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Delayed coking, petroleum coke, residum, Nigeria ' s refinery, flexibility
Abstract: The large availability and economic cost of heavy crude of heavy crude both directly from oil wells and as by-products of crude oil processing calls for methods for its utilization. Delayed coking is one method used for processing and utilization of heavy crude; it is deployed as a unit in refineries. An evaluation of heavy residual oil processing units has been done for Nigerian refineries. Process flow schemes of three Nigerian refinery complexes were carefully analyzed and the yields of coke, gas and liquid products were predicted from the study. The study revealed that Nigeria ' s refineries were in need of such processes like Delayed coking which is seen to have a lot of advantages in technoloigcal, economical and enviornmental perspective. The development trend in the conceptual planning of the existing refineries in Nigeria is light fuel orientation. The product slates of existing refineries are lacking in heavy products of secondary origin. The uses of Delayed Coking Plant (DCP) and its products in contemporary downstream processing had also been highlighted. Nigeria ' s emergind metallurgical and electrodes manufacturing industries stand to gain the DCP products, particularly petroleum coke, while the economy will be protected as cash flight through coke import shall be minimized with an introduction of DCP into Nigeria ' s refining configuration.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56972
Title: Performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine with various injection pressures using biodiesel
Author: M Prabhahar, R Murali Manohar and S Sendivelan
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: Indian Society for Enducation and Environment , Issue 6, Vol 5, June 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Biodiesel, diesel engine, Pongamia methyl ester
Abstract: This paper presents the suitability of Pongamia methyl ester oil as a source of renewable fuel substituting petrodiesel in Cl engine. The properties of esterified Pongamia oil are closer to diesel properties. In the present work, experiment is conducted in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with diesel and 100% Pongamia methyl ester as fuel at different injection pressure at varying loads. The injection pressures are varying from 180 bar to 220 bar. The performance parameters like brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx and smoke) were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that the brake thermal efficiency in increased about 1.5% for 100% PME at 220 bar injection pressure. The BSFC, CO and Smoke were decreased about 7%, 33% and 25% respectively for 100% PME at 220 bar injection pressure. The BSFC, CO and Smoke were decreased about 7%, 33% and 25% respectively for 100% PME at 220 bar compared to 180 bar injection pressure. The nitrogen oxide emission (NO) was increased about 10% for 100% PME with 220 bar injection pressure. However pure Pongamia methyl ester (by volume) can be used at higher injection pressure safely in a conventional CI engine without any engine modification that could help in controlling air pollution.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56971
Title: Predictive permeability model of faults in crystalline rocks; verification by grouting in Seyahoo dam
Author: Hamidreza Rostami Barani, Gholamreza Lashkaripour and Mohammad Ghafoori
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: Indian Society for Enducation and Environment , Issue 6, Vol 5, June 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Permeability, Fault zones, fracture distribution, cement injection, Seyahoo dam
Abstract: This paper deals with quantitative fault zone descriptions, qualitative fracture and fault rock properties, and engineering data in the study of the permeability structure of fault zones. Datasets include scan-lines, drill cores and cement grouting from Seyahoo dam in andesite and basalt rocks, from which systematic grouting volumes can be used to analyze the in-site relative permeability both in host rocks and fault zones. Dam-scale injection of cement reveals patterns that can be ascribed to the impact of faulting; there is an increase in cement injection in fault zones compared to areas with backgroiund fracturing away from faults. In detail, there is an innate division of the rock volume into sub zones characterized by distinct structural style and permeability, with a background level and three fault related sub zones (fault core, inner damage zone, and outer damage zone). Injection data shows that the bckground sub-zone commonly can be injected with less than 0.05 m3 cement per meter dam (Commonly not injected), whereas the fault core has permeability characteristics nearly as low as the outer damage zone, represented by 0.1 m3 cement per meter dam, with occasional peaks towards 0.2 m3. The maximum of cement injection lies in the inner damage zone, the marginal to the fault core, with 0.3-0.5 m3 cement per meter dam, locally exceeding 0.7 m3. This gives a relative relationship for cement injection of approximately 1:3:1 between fault core, inner damage zone, and outer damage zone of extensional fault zones in crystalline rocks.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56970
Title: Effect of NaCl salinity on germination, physiological and biochemical parameters of Plantago ovata Forsk
Author: Naser Karimi and Zahra Haghighi Pak
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: Indian Society for Enducation and Environment , Issue 6, Vol 5, June 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: NaCl stress, plantago ovata, physiological and biochemical parameters, salinity
Abstract: Since NaCl stress is a major limiting factor for plant production and growth, we investigated the effect of different salinity stress levels (control, 15, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) on some physiological and biochemical parameters of Plantago ovata for 30 days. The experiment was laid out as a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Low concentrations of NaCl (0-25 mM) increased chlorophyll content as compared with control, significantly as NaCl concentration augmented. The accumulation of Na+ increased in a concentration dependent manner with maximum of 205 mg kg-1 at 300 mM, which indicates the relative resistance ability of this plant to salinity. We conclude that Plantago ovata has physiological traits associated with accumulation of NaCl to relative high levels and it can be useful for restoring salinity and recovery of the salinity-contaminated sites.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56969
Title: Inhibitive effect of N, N-Bis (2-Chloroethylaminobenzaldehyde) ethylthiosemicarbazone on the corrosion of mild steel in 1N H2SO4
Author: T S Franklin Rajesh, A Sheik Mideen, J Karthikeyan and S Anitha
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: Indian Society for Enducation and Environment , Issue 6, Vol 5, June 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Mild steel, corrosion inhibition, N, N-Bis (2-Chloroethylaminobenzaldehyde) ethylthiosemicarbazone
Abstract: The inhibitive effect of N, N-Bis (2-Chloroethylaminobenzadehyde) ethylthiosemicarbazone (BCETSC) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1N H2SO4 was investigated by weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increase in concentration of the inhibitor. The potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that BCETSC is a mixed type inhibitor in 1N H2SO4. EIS plots indicated that the additon of BCETSC increases the charge-transfer resistance of the corrosion process, and hence the inhibition performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the inhibition occurs due to adsorption of BCETSC molecules at the metal/solution interface. The free energy change value indicated that adsorption of BCETSC molecule is a spontaneous process and it adsorbs physically on mild steel surface.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56968
Title: Biostratigraphy and depositional environment of the sediments in Borno Basin, North Eastern Nigeria
Author: Adebanji Kayode Adegoke
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: Indian Society for Enducation and Environment , Issue 6, Vol 5, June 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Biostratigraphy, depositional environments, Bornu basin, Fika "Shale" formation, Turonian
Abstract: A biostratigraphic study was carried out on 83 drill cutting samples retrieved from Kemar-1 well, Borno Basin, northeastern Nigeria. They were subjected to palynological and foraminiferal analyses to determine their biozonation, age and depositional paleoenvironments. The studied intervals ranged between 600 and 1745 metres and were sampled at 30- and 20- metre intervals for the palynological and foraminiferal analyses repsectively. Lithologically, the drill cutting samples are made up mainly of predominantly grey to dark grey shale, sandy mudstone and silty mudstone. An igneous rock with argillaceous sandstone and argillaceous siltstone intercalations was also observed. Three major palynological assemblage zones were recognised in the study area. They are Cretacaeiporites scabratus/mulleri Assemblage Zone, which correlates with the basal sequence, Droseridites senonicus Assemblage Zone, and Proteacidites dehaani/Dinogymnium euclaense Assemblage Zone of the well section ' s upper part. Also, two formainiferal biosequences were established for the studied interval. The environment of deposition of the well was generally shallow. It ranges from Coastal Deltaic in the upper part through Fluvimarine to Shalow Inner Neritic in the lower part of the Fika ' shale ' Formation. The age of the fossiliferous interval of the studied section of the wall ranges from Early Turonian at the base to Early Campanian at the top. Three unconformities were observed and mapped within the studied section of the well at 790m, 1300m and 1700m. The unconformities were marked by noticeable faunal discontinuities, associated with reduction in paleowater depth and abrupt shift in the environment of deposition. Biostratigraphy is a valuable tool in oil and gas exploration when it is integrated with other geological and geophysical data sets, such as outcrops, seismic lines or well logs. This paper constitutes a significant contribution to the understanding of the biostratigraphy of Borno Basin, which is currently the focus of intensive hydrocarbon exploration activities.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56967
Title: Public Health System - Libya: A speedy recovery of health system
Author: A case study
Editor: Prof Arup Dasgupta
Year: 2012
Publisher: Geospatial Media and Communications Pvt. Ltd, Issue 12, Vol 02, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Geospatial World
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 12, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56966
Title: Kuwait Environment Public Authority: Citizen power to the fore
Author: A case study
Editor: Prof Arup Dasgupta
Year: 2012
Publisher: Geospatial Media and Communications Pvt. Ltd, Issue 12, Vol 02, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Geospatial World
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 12, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56965
Title: User generated data to the rescue
Author: Ryan Falor
Editor: Prof Arup Dasgupta
Year: 2012
Publisher: Geospatial Media and Communications Pvt. Ltd, Issue 12, Vol 02, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Geospatial World
Keywords: None
Abstract: With maps and geospatial data playing a critical role in crisis preparedness and response, here ' s a look at how Google Crisis Response team is working with response organisations to help find ways to make emergency information more accessible and actinobale
Location: TE 12, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56964
Title: Terrain response to the 1819 Allah Bund earthquake in Western Great Rann of Kachchh, Gujarat, India
Author: M G Thakkar, Mamata Ngangom, P S Thakker and N Juyal
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 102, No 3, 10 August 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56963
Title: Probing the reliability of DNA barcodes in delineating geographically widespread bird species
Author: B G Sasikala, P Anuradha Reddy, V Vasudeva Rao, A Ramyashree and S Shivaji
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 102, No 3, 10 August 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Birds, DNA barcodes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, cytochrome b
Abstract: Studies on birds have shown the efficiency of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes to identify and assign more than 95% of the species to their respective families. These studies indicate that small, inconspicuous birds are good candidates as cryptic species or show allopatric divergences, whereas the larger birds which can fly/swim long distances show lesser divergences. Here we attempt to check th efficiency of COI barcodes in delineating species with worldwide distribution. We analyse genetic differences in birds of the family Ardeidae with global distribution to evaluate the possibility of allopatry. COI barcodes and sequences of a variable region of cytochrome b gene were compared in severn out of nine widely distributed Ardeidae species and we found deep intra-specific divergences and diagnostic mutations in four species. Whether these sequence divergences are evolutionarily significant needs to be further analysed.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None