ID: 56736
Title: Assessment of heavy metal pollution and bacterial heavy metal resistance in the sediments of Vattakayal lake system, near Chavara Industrial area, Kollam, kerala
Author: P M Koshy, Rinoy Varghese, Subin K Jose, C B Mayarani and A P Thomas
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Lake sediment, heavy metals, heavy metal resistance, industrial area
Abstract: The Industrial Revolution brought about an increased production and discharge of both xenobiotics and natural chemical substances which usually end up in the sediments of water bodies. The tolerance of bacteria to heavy metals has been proposed as an indicator of the potential toxicity of heavy metals to other forms of biota. The present study was aimed to evaluate the extent to which the industrial waste infuences the deterioration of sediment quality in a lake ecosystem. Analysis was carried out for the heavy metal content (Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cu) and the multiple heavy metal tolerance patterns of bacterial strains in the sediments of Vattakayal lake system near Chavara industrial area, Kollam, Kerala. The study revealed that the sediments were contaminated with heavy metals in the sequence of Fe>Cr>Zn>Ni>Cu>Pb. The heavy metal contents in stations near to the industrial area were found higher than the other stations. Fe, Cr and Zn were found in significantly higher level in station 6. The results were also interpreted using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The results were also interpreted using Geographical Information System (GIS) tools. Metal resistance studies of the bacterial isolates showed that about 57% of the isolates showed comparatively high tolerance (>300?g/mL) to lead, zinc and copper. Tolerance to Ni was rather low (<115 ?g/mL) . Resistance to cadmium and chromium were in between 95 ?g/mL - 300?g/mL and 100 ?g/mL - 250 ?g/mL respectively. It was observed that the concentration of heavy metals was higher during pre-monsoon compared to the mosoon season and the deterioration of the quality of sediment increased with decrease in distance from the industrial area/
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56735
Title: Analysis of agricultural soil and Kabini river sediment characteristics around Nanjangud industrial area, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Author: A H Rajanna and S L Belagali
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Nanjangud, seasonal variation, physico-chemical characteristics, heavy metals
Abstract: In this paper an attempt has been made for the impact studies of industrial pollutants on agricultural soil as well as Kabini river sedimetns of Nanjangud industrial area near Mysore, Karnataka. The present study is focused on the seasonal variation of the constituents of samples during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2009-2010. Four agricultural soil samples and five sediment samples from river bed of Kabinit river were collected. These samples wee systematically analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and subjected to heavy metals analysis. The experimental results reveal that, during the pre-monsoon season, most of the samples show highest concentration of the contaminants compared to other seasons. Thus, pollutants concentration are fluctuating from season to season, which implies that, pollution load is increased due to industrialization and runoff from the agricultural fields. So, extensive addition of micronutrients would neither be economical nor safe from environmental points of view. However, proper remediation measures need to be takne for sustainability of the ecosystem.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56734
Title: Variability of metals in the sediments of Vembanad lake in Kerala, India
Author: George Sebastian, Mohan Thomas, K C Philip and S Meenakshi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Vembanad lake, Thanneermukkom barrage, trace-metal, heavy metal, threshold effect level, Probable effect level
Abstract: Heavy metal content has been estimated at ten sampling sites in vembanad lake in Kerala, India. In the Vembanad Lake, metal concentrations exhibited spatial diversity upstream to downstream. No upstream-to-downstream diversity was discernible for cadmium because of a large number of non-detections in samples. With respect to sediment guality guidelines, there were some exceedences of TEL ' s, but no exceedences of PEL ' s were observed for nay of the trace-metals in sediments from the Vembanad Lake.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56733
Title: Assessment of groundwater potential zones in erode district Tamil Nadu by using GIS techiques
Author: R Kavidha and K Elangovan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Arc GIS, Thematic maps, weighted overlay, groundwater
Abstract: Water scarcity in Erode district motivated us to explore the groundwater potential zones in it. Erode in Tamil Nadu state has an aerial extent of about 8161.91 km2. The thematic maps of geology, geomorphology, soil hydrological groups, land use/cover as well as drainage were preapred for the district. The digital elevation model (DEM) ahs been generated at 10 m interval contour lines obtained from SOI, Toposheet 1:25000 scale. The slope (%) of the study area was also obtianed. The prospective groudn water potential zones were obtained by overlaying all the thematic maps in terms of weighted overlay methods by employing the spatial analysis tool in Arc GIS 9.1. During the weighted overlay analysis, ranking has been assigned for each individual parameter of each thematic map according to their influence. Potential zones were found out in terms of very high, high, moderate, low and very low ones.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56732
Title: Textile dyeing effluent induced histopathology in the gills of Tilapia mossambica
Author: S Ravisankar and Elizabeth John
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Histopathology, Tilapia mossambica, gill, textile dyeing effluent, Anurysm, lamellar fusion
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the toxicological effect of the dyeing effluents discharged from the industrial cluster present in Telungupalayam area of Coimbatore city in the fish, Tilapia mossambica. The study pertains to laboratory analysis of the toxicity of textile effluent on histopathological indices in the gills of Tilapia mossambica. The work was designed on the basis of the LC50 value (12.06%) of the textile effluent obtained during the bioassay conducted in Tilapia mossambica. The fish, on exposure to textile dyeing effluent showed abnormal behaviour such as surfacing phenomenon, rapid, repeated opening and closing of mouth accompanied by partially extended fins. Histological assessment of fish exposed to textile dyeing effluent revealed remarkable alterations in the gill. The study revealed histopathological conditions that affect the physiological functions such as respiration, excretion and circulation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56731
Title: Sustainability and its role in environmental ecotourism management
Author: Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari, Alireza Ildoromi and Mohammadreza Yavarzadeh
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Sustainable Eco-tourism, Environmental management
Abstract: The local people have the right to live in their environment, but not at the cost of destroying natural resources. Forest plannign should take account of the demands of the local people in terms of social needs and forest resources. In particular, opportunities for income-generating activities should be offered to rural people. Ecotourism implementations in suitable forest villages may be the best income-generating activities that are also ecological. Such ecotourism projects should aim for direct and indirect improvement of income levels and living standards of the local people. Reduction of pressures on the natural resources, protection of the ecological balance, cooperation among regions and countries, and acceleration of information and experience exchange between rural and urban people can be ensured by ecotourism poject in forest villages. Ecotourism can thus enhance the opportunities for better management of natural resources while providing a satisfying experience for the visitor. It stands to reason that there are many differences between the developing world and developed world when it comes to issues of sustainability and sustainable community development. The physical environment, economy, and social make up of these two regions of the world are very different and therefore are subject to different problems, requiring individual methods of approach and research. Ecotourism creates an impact on natural ecosystems but more importantly, it offers a way to promote conservation in ecologically fragile regions; benefit the economics of local communities; provide the public with a nature-based education experience.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56730
Title: Assessment of subsurface water quality in the residential areas around Ambattur industrial estate, Chennai
Author: E Sukumar, R Savidha and P N Magudeswaran
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Subsurface water quality, water quality index, residential areas, Ambattur industrial estate
Abstract: The subsurface water quality status of the residential areas around Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai has been assessed by collecting samples from six locations during rainy season and analysing their physico-chemical and biological characteristics. The Water Quality Indices have been arrived at using standard NSF method. The results of the study indicated that water in two locations only were of medium quality while in others they were bad and unfit for human consumption.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56729
Title: The evaluation of restored ecosystem based on floristic community
Author: Mitra Naghizadeh, Mir Mehradad Mirsanjari and Mohammadreza Yavarzadeh
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Restored, ecosystem, floristic community
Abstract: Increasing the green cover through gardening and green belts reduce the urban heat, conserve energy, clean urban air and absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and improve overall environmental quality. The study area of this research is Osho garden located in the north east side of the Pune city and this landscaped garden has been developed from a degraded stream ecosystem. Observations was done on the availability of natural elements including trees, palms, shrubs, climbers, groundcovers, annual and perennials with consideration of the plants architecture, their growth habitat and their flowering time. This garden was selected to study the various components adapted to restore in order to enhance overall improvement in area. Regular visits were undertaken to record the various inputs used for restoration. Data were also collected to note the type of the manmade elements incorporated in the garden design. Data were also collected to note the type of the manmade elements incorporated in the garden design. Some important one are Gate, arch and pergola, walks, paths, stepping stones, fence, seat, bridge, green house, fountain, lake etc. Studies on the artificial elements of the garden shows that roads, paths, bridges and passages were built in order to use the maximum benefits by visitors.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56728
Title: Contamination of soil and rivers by lead from used engine oil: A case study of Choba community in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Author: K M Oghenejoboh and E O Ohimor
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Soil, river, lead contamination, used lubricating oil, mechanic workshop
Abstract: Lead pollution arising from indiscriminate disposal of used lubricating oil on soil and river by roadside motor mechanics in Choba-Port-Harcourt was studied. The results of the study show lead concentration of 351.02 ?g/g and 493.13 ?g/g for soil samples collected around the mechanic workshop for the rainy and dry seasons respectively. The lead concentration reduces as the distance from the workshop increases, reducing to as low as 32.41 ?g/g and 12.12 ?g/g respectively as the distance from the workshop increases to more than 500 metres. Higher concentration of lead was recorded around the workshop during the dry seasons, this is due to the fact that the discarded used oil remains on the ground longer than during the rainy seasons due to continual run-off of the oil by rain waters. Results from samples taken in a cassava farm about 500 metres from the workshop show lead concentration far below levels recommended for soil by FEPA/WHO. Water analyses from the Choba River show high lead concentrations at the point of water run-off from the mechanic workshop to the river with the highest concentrations recorded around the point where vessels and barges are docked, indicating oil leakages from the vessels into the river. No trace of lead was found in water samples taken some nurtical miles away from the workshop site. Althoug low lead concentrations are recorded as the distance from workshop increases in both soil and river, lead in these media may be bioaccumulated over long period of time which could be dangerous.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56727
Title: Quality of life due to mining and displacement: a case study in Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand, India
Author: Sayanti Sen
Editor: P K Bhattacharya
Year: 2010
Publisher: TERI, Vol 9, No 1, March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: TIDE- TERI Information Digest on Energy and Environment
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56726
Title: Soil organic carbon-the most reliable indicator for monitoring land degradation by soil erosion
Author: K Rajan, A Natarajan, K S Anil Kumar, M S Badrinath and R C Gowda
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 99, No 6, 25 September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Erosion, quality indicators, land degradation, multivariate analysis, soil organic carbon
Abstract: Degradation due to erosion, salinity, waterlogging, contamination, etc. reduces the quality of land. Soil and water resources are affected initially then the bio resources. Uncontrolled degradation processes lead to desertification of land and the ecosystem functions are disturbed. In India, soil erosion has produced maximum degraded lands due to mismanagement and indiscriminate use of land resources. Monitoring of land degradation status is essential to take appropirate and timely soil-conservatin measures. Numerous soil and land-quality indicators are used to assess the degradation status. In this study, an attempt has been made to select a few reliable indicators using multivariate statistical tools. Eroded land of southern Karnataka was selected for the study using remotely sensed satellite imageries. Soil samples were collected depth-wise in profiles at different landforms and land uses. There were 24 soil quality indicators estimated from eroded lands to select few indicators for monitoring degradation status. Principal component analysis was employed for the reduction of 24 indicators. Out of the 24 principal components formed, only seven accounted for maximum variance. Twelve soil quality indicators were selected from the seven cmponents based on the highest loadings. Linear discriminant analysis was employed to obtain the most discriminating soil quality indicators from among the 12 selected. Soil organic carbon (SOC) emerged as the most discriminating soil quality indicator with maximum loadings (-2.43). Apart from SOC, there were four other indicators with loadings>1.0. Electrical conductivity (1.95), available soil water (1.45), microaggregates (-1.18) and dehydrogenase activity (1.08) have also gained considerable importance along with SOC in monitoring degradation status of land by soil erosion.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56725
Title: Trophic status and ecological studies of the Ambazari Lake, Nagpur, Maharashstra, based on sedimentary diatoms
Author: Sumedh K Humane, Poonam R Bokade, Samaya S Humane and Anup S Wankhade
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 99, No 6, 25 September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Diatoms, lake water, sediments, trophic status
Abstract: The fossil diatoms and geochemistry of the lake water and sediments of Ambazari Lake, Nagpur were studied. The diatoms assemblages with the characteristics of different salinity regimes and pH have been identified and grouped from the bottom (unit I) to the top (unit III) of the core. Units I-III indicate that the diatom assemblages existed in the distant past. Whereas unit IV (sediments of the grab and top of the core) represents diatoms assemblagges from recent time. The diatoms and sedimentary phosphate from the core suggest that the Ambazari Lake was alkaline to circumneutral and oligotrophic durign the past few decades and has transformed to eutrophic conditions in the present time.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56724
Title: Effects of plot size and shape on the encounter rate of ungulate faecal pellet groups and abundance estimate precision
Author: Athar Noor, Bilal Habib and Satish Kumar
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 99, No 6, 25 September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Density, encounter rate, pellet-plot, strewn pellets, ungulates
Abstract: Several pellet-plot (sampling unit) designs have been used by different workers to mitigate the underlying problems in the form of missed pellet groups on the larger plots or the interpretational error of the observer. we conducted a comparative study on four sympatric ungulate species in the Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, India. We explored different shapes and sizes of the sampling units, including groups lying on the plot boundary. We found a 5 m radius circular plot ideal (least percentage CV = 194) in comparison to circular plots of other sizes as well as their corresponding quadrat plots of the same area. Density estimates were systematically biased by plot size and shape, where smaller plots and highe edge-to-area ratios were found to have higher density esitmates. We emphasize upon the inclusion of the pellet groups lying on the plot boundary to minimize the error caused by excluding them from the counts.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56723
Title: Studies on Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisbury)
Author: Arvind Kumar Verma, B K Banerji, Debasis Chakrabarty and S K Datta
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 99, No 6, 25 September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Makhana, gamma rays, monotypic, mutation
Abstract: Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisbury) grows as an exclusive aquatic cash crop in shallow water bodies in north Bihar and lower Assam regions of India. It has nutritional and medicinal properties and supports cottage industry. It is a monotypic genus and the available genetic variability is limited. An attempt was made to understand the cultural practices, genetic variability among the available germplasm and the biochemical changes during seed germination. It was included in an improvement programmed using gamma ray induced mutagenesis. Different morphological parameters were selected to find out its sensitivity to different doses of gamma rays.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56722
Title: Nanoporus zeolites in farming: current status and issues ahead
Author: Kulasekaran Ramesh, Ashis Kumar Biswas, Jayaraman Somasundaram and Annangi Subba Rao
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 99, No 6, 25 September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Farming, food security, nanoporous zeolites, soil degradation
Abstract: In many parts of the world food security is being affected due to declining quality and/or quantity of the soil resource base and climat change. Climate change summits are being held worldwide to prevetn crop failures. Notwithstanding this face, one of the root biophysical causes of falling per capita food grain production is reported to be soil resource degradation. In order to reverse this trend of soil base degradation, it is necessary to either expand the land base under cultivation or to intensify crop production per unit of land. Soils are either inherently low fertile or made less fertile due to the removal of nutrients without adequate replenishment by intensive farming. It is in this context that the farming with nanoporous zeolites assume significance.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None