ID: 57247
Title: Estimation of surface and groundwater pollution due to mining activity by geo-chemical methods and re-vegetation site selection using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques in the parts of Sandur Schist belt, South India
Author: R K Sunil Kumar B V Suresh Kumar and S Manjunatha
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Sandur schist belt, Water quality, mining activity, Remote sensing and GIS, Re-vegetation
Abstract: Assessment of surface and groundwater quality has been carried out in the parts of the Sandur schist belt, Bellary district, Karnataka, South India. Sandur schist belt is well known for iron ore deposits. Rigorous and unplanned mining methods causes intensive natural hazards like water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, dust pollution, etc. Water quality of the study area has been studied for sodium (Na), Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), sulphate (SO4), nitrate (NO3) and total hardness. Results show gradual decrease in groundwater quality and surface water pollution in and around the parts of Sandur Schist belt. Mapping of re-vegetation site selection at regional scale is essential for a wide range of applications including landslide, erosion, land planning, global warming, LU/LC alterations (especialy on human activities), effect of climate, natural hazard and socio-economic dynamics in global and local scale. In this study, re-vegetation site selection has been carried out by using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) in Sandur schist belt in Bellary district. Identification potential sites for replantation within the mining pit is a complicated thing using change detection comparison (pixel by pixel).
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57246
Title: Quantification of lead fractions in contaminated soil pedons of Coimbatore Industrial Belts, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: T Sherene
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Contaminated soil, lead pollution, lead fractions, industrial belts
Abstract: The risk to the environment from contaminated soil can not be assessed by simply considering the total amount of potentially toxic metals within the soil because these metals are not necessarily completely mobile or bio-available. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the fraction of toxic elements that is potentially mobile or bio-available. Total lead varied from traces to 250.0 ppm. The amounts of other lead fractions were 0-3.1, 0-4.81, 0-85.81, 0-89.31, 0-63.52 and 0-50.81 ppm for water soluble, exchangeable and adsorbed, organically bound, carbonate bound, Fe-Mn oxide and residual fraction respectively. Bio-available form of lead is very dangerous and mostly seen in roadside profiles of Ganapathy and Ukkadam areas.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57245
Title: Biodegradation of endosulfan by bacteria isolated from soil
Author: B S Anupama, N Nandini and S K Sarangi
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Endosulfan, biodegradation, soil bacteria
Abstract: In the present study an attempt has been made to enrich and isolate bacterial species capable of degrading endosulfan isomers from different soil habitats. The two potent isolates showed about 51% endosulfan degradation during first eight days of incubation. However, the degradation reached between 63-82% after 16 days of incubation. Further, the degradation of the insecticide increased concomitantly with the growth of the bacteria at pH 8.0 adn at 300C. The results suggest that these novel strains could be used as potent agents for biodegradation of endosulfan pesticides.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57244
Title: Bioremediation of caffeine-contaminated soil by immobilized yeast-A laboratory based study
Author: Lakshmi V and Nilanjana Das
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Caffeine contaminated soil, immobilization, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, yeast species
Abstract: The aim of this work was to ascertain the efficacy of immobilised yeast for the remediation of caffeine in soil under laboratory condition. Biostimulation with inorganic nutrients and bioaugmentation with caffeine utilizing single and mixed yeast cultures viz., Mixed culture 1, Mixed culture2, Mixed culture 3 and Mixed culture 4 were employed as remedial options for the removal of caffeine from contaminated soil. To promote caffeine removal, biowaste materials (wheat bran, sawdust, peanut hull powder) were used as biocarriers for immobilization of caffeine degrading yeast species following the method of physical adsorption. We constructed laboratory biopiles to compare the treatment bioaugmentaton with bioaugmentation combined biostimultion using single and mixed cultures of immobilized yeast. Maximum removal of caffeine was found to be 98.3% after 24 days in the biostimulated soil which was bioaugmented with sawdust immobilized yeast mixed culture No. 4 consisting of three yeast species viz, Trichosporon asahii, Candida tropicalis and Candida inconspicua. Dehydrogenase activity in the soil was remarkably enhanced ot 639 ?g TPF g-1soil and microbial numbers were also increased for the soil treated under the same conditions described above. Phytotoxicity assay confirmed the reduction of caffeine toxicity in the contaminated soil after treatment. Thus, sawdust immobilized mixed yeast culture No.4 could serve as potential tool for the remediation of caffeine from contaminated soil.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57243
Title: Studies on the efficiency of various plant extracts in encountering the toxic effect of mercury on Oreochromis mossambicus
Author: L P Rema and Mary Sabitha
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Plant extracts, mercury, toxic effect, Oreochromis mossambicus
Abstract: Lipid peroxidation and consequent formation of lipofuschin granules have got fundamental importance in heavy metal homeostasis. In other words lipid peroxidation in fish is an adaptation to internally detoxify and thereby safely assimilate the intruding metals. Though these are of fundamental importance in heavy metals homeostasis, they leave an unfavourable alteration in the physiology of lysosomal lamina. These alterations are exclusively due to changes in the amount of lipid and protein which make up the lysosomal membrane. This alteration is beyond the permissible limit in fish exposed to mercury. The present paper is aimed to compare the efficiency of commercial fish feed and feeds prepared by incorporating garlic, gooseberry, curry leaves, ocimum and turmeric in remediating the enhanced lipid peroxidation consequent to exposure of fish to mercury. Variations in the level of total protein are also studied.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57242
Title: Hydro-chemical assessment of groundwater considering distillery effluent irrigation
Author: Bineet Singh, J S Chauhan and Anurag Mohan
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Distillery effluent irrigation, Groundwater contamination, Gajraula
Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate contamination of groundwater due to distillery effluent irrigation. The groundwater chemistry was studied in a series of eight multi-level depth locations of Gajraula and its suburb of JP Nagar district in Uttara Pradesh. The treated distillery effluent was used twice @ 225-50m3/ha as a presown irrigation. The study was conducted in pre-irrigation and post-irrigation phase for the year 2008-2009. The comparative analysis showed that private wells (shallower hand pumps) have high NO3-, BOD and Fe concentration as compared to the public supply wells (deep boreholes) during the post irrigation. The TDS, Cl- and Ca+2 values were found near to IS:10500 permissible limit values i.e., 500 mg/L, 250 mg/L and 75 mg/L respectively. However, negative effect of the effluent irrigation on groundwater quality was reported at R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4 sites, which may have been influenced by industrial, local agricultural practices, distillery lagoon and effluent irrigation as mixed sources.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57241
Title: Geomorphological mapping for identification of ground water potential zones in hard rock areas using geo-spatial information - A case study in Malur taluk, Kolar district, Karnataka, India
Author: S N Ramaiah, G S Gopalakrishna, S Srinivasa Vittala and K Md. Najeeb
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Geomorphic mapping, ground water prospect zones, remote sensing, GIS, Malur taluk
Abstract: The search for new groundwater resources is essential to sustained economi development in arid environment. The study area is part of Ponnaiyar river basin falling between N latitude of 12048 ' 24" to 13007 ' 06" and E longitude of 770 50 ' 30" to 78008 ' 15" falls in Survey of India toposheets 57 G/16, 57 H/13, 57 K/4 and 57 L/1covering an area of 645 km2 in Kolar district, which is highly drought prone in Karnataka and hydrogeomorphological maps were prepared using the IRS-1C & 1D LISS-III and PAN merged satellite data and geomorphic units. Denudation hill, residual hill, inselberg, pediment inselberg complex, pediment, shallow weathered pediplain, moderately weathered pediplain and valley fill shallow were identified. The area is characterised by undulating terrain interspersed by low ranges of rocky hills. The elevation ranges from 860m to 1127 m above MSL. The mean annual rainfall of Malur is 722.0mm. The River Dhakshina Pinakini and Markarda Halla drain the area. The streams exhibit dendritic to sub dendritic type of drainage pattern and comprise of granite and gneissic rock formations of Achaean age. On the basis of different geomorphic units, four categories of groundwater potential zones were delineated as (i) very good to good (ii) good to moderate (iii) moderate to poor, and (iv) poor to very poor.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57240
Title: Evaluation and assessment of recyclables in households of Samanabad town, Lahore, Pakistan
Author: Syeda Amber Fatima, M Nawaz Chaudary and Adila Batool
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Solid waste, Household recyclables, recycling, Samanabad, Pakistan
Abstract: Recycling today constitutes the most environmental friendly method of managing solid wastes. This research work was carried out to evaluate the existing situation of recyclables in the households of Samanabad Colony, Lahore. A survey was carried out of 726 houses and questionnaires were filled by the housekeepers. The housekeepers were provided with large size shopping bags and requested to put the waste in these bags and hand them over to researchers. Physical analysis of the waste was done. Chemical analysis was also done in the laboratory of the College of Earth and Environmental Sciences. All data collected through questionnaire were fed in the computer and analysed. Generation rate and collection rate of the recyclables were calculated at 0.15 kg/c/day and 0.11 kg/c/day respectively. The rest waste was 0.40 kg/c/day. The total material which is recycled or reused is 1620. 1 kg/day, in which 56% is newspaper, 3.2% is magazine, 2.5% is cardboard, 2.1% is glass jam bottles, 1.7% is glass juice bottles and 16.8% is iron items, 8% is non ferrous items and 8.6% is textile. The composition of solid waste in the research area was found as follows: Paper 6.42%, Plastic 8.17%, Metal 3.18%, Organic waste 62.9%, Hazardous Waste 3.7% and Textile 6.5%.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57239
Title: Seasonal changes in soluble sugar contents in different parts of Alternanthera philoxeroides from aquatic and terrestrial habitats
Author: Wenzhu Fu, Weirong Bai, Huyin Huai and Aizhong Liu
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Alligator weed, alternanthera philoxeroides, soluble sugar contents, cold acclimation, invasive plant
Abstract: Exotic invasion is considered as the second factor influencing biodiversity after habitat lose. Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb.), a perennial herb native to the South Amercia, has established itself on almost all the surface of the earth except Africa. In China, alligator weed has invaded most temperate regions where the enviornmental conditions, particularly temperature, are obviously different from its origin. How can alligator weed survive through cold winters is a critical issue for its establishment in these areas. In this research, we investigated the seasonal change of soluble sugars content (SSC), which presented important physiological reaction to cold acclimation, in different parts including buds, nodes, and internodes of alligator weed from aquatic and terrestrial habitats Results showed that accumulation of soluble sugars was regularly correlated to temperature change in environment, i.e., the highest SSC in the coldest season and the lowest in summer. Among different parts such as nodes, buds and internodes in individuals from terrestrial and aquatic habitats, accumulation of SSC presented similar results. The accumulation of SSC and its seasonal dynamics may be a physiological acclimation to low temperature so that alligator weed could establish in these regions and survive through cold winters ecologically.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57238
Title: Inhibition of nitrification in soil under pastures in Western Australia
Author: Ahmed Hasson
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Nitrification rate, Nitrification inhibition, perennial pastures, leaching
Abstract: Nitrification processes can play a key role in the functioning of Western Australia natural ecosystems. It is directly involved in plant nitrogen losses through leaching and denitrificaiton. Suprression of this process by pastures is poorly understood. The research was conducted on the deep-sand at Mingenew in the Northern Agricultural Region, WA. Nitrification rate was determined under annual, perennial pastures and tagasaste fodders grown in situ. Nitrification and inhibition rates were calculated based-on measurements of NH4-N. NO3-N over a period of 6 months. Under natural conditions (control) the nitrification rates of ammonium - N (NH4-N) were rapid from 80 to 97% during the season. Nitrification rates under annuals, perennial pastures and tagasaste plants were 35 to 80%, 58 to 58%, and 30 to 75% respectively. It was found that there is a high negative correlation (R2 = -0.84) between biomsas and nitrification rate, and a high positive correlation between biomass and inhibition rate (0.74). Such results suggest that pastures species can have important consequences for nitrogen cycling at the permanent growth and population density.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57237
Title: Response of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) to varied spacing levels
Author: P Maheswara Reddy, L Prasanthi, P S Sudhakar, B Balakrishna Babu and K Raja Reddy
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 7, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestery
Keywords: Jatropha, spacing, seed yield and oil content
Abstract: The results of pooled data analysis of present study on response of Jatropha curcas to varied spacings under irrigated conditions indicated significant variations among the differetn spacings in parameters of plant growth, seed yeild, oil yield and oil content. The plant density at 3 x 3 m spacing showed higher plant growth as well as seed and oil yield. Wider spacing of 3 x 3 m recorded higher seed yield (2.76 q/ha) followed by 3 x 2 m spacing (2.40 q/ha) and 2 x 2 m (2.25 q/ha) when compared to 4 x 2 m spacings (1.45 q/ha). But, the highest seed oil content of 32.39% was recorded with 3 x 2 m spacing followed by 2 x 2 m spacing (30.87%) and 4 x 2 m spacing (30.48%). While the lowest seed oil content of 28.87% was recorded under wider spacing of 3 x 3 m. However, the highest oil yield was recorded under 3 x 3 m spacing (79.6 kg/ha) followed by 3 x 2 m spacing (76.7 kg/ha).
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57236
Title: Role of microbial inoculants on growth and development of Jatropha curcas in field
Author: Jamaluddin, Mithilesh Jaiswal and A K Pandey
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 7, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestery
Keywords: Jatropha curcas, microbial inoculant, growth, flowering fruiting
Abstract: Different microbial inoculants were tried to study their effect on the growth and development of Jatropha curcas L. All microbia (mix) inoculants showed response in enhancing the growth of J. curcas in terms of height and collar diameter. Microbial inoculation and mixed inoculation induced flowering while fruiting in 2nd year plants could be recorded only in AM and mixed inoculants of microbes. Though the fruit production was limited but could produce viable seeds. Experiments indicated that the microbial inoculants were more suitable for early flowering and fruiting. It is an important step for enhancing the productivity of this biodiesel plant.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57235
Title: Influence of seed size and sowing depth of emergence and growth performance of Salvadora oleoides in the Indian Thar desert
Author: R S Mertia, N K Sinha, Priyabrata Santra and Daleep Singh
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 7, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestery
Keywords: Salvadora oleoides, Seed size, Planting depth, Seedling emergence, seedling height, Seedling weight, leaves plant-1
Abstract: Series of trials on Salvadora oleoides were conducted to standardize the package of practices for large-scale raising of seedlings for afforestation programmes in the Indian Thar desert with the major focus on the influence of seed size and sowing depth on seedling emergence and subsequent growth. Among different combinations of seed size and sowing depth, large sized seeds (>0.04g) planted at 0.5 cm depth showed significantly higher emergence percentage, seedling height, leaves plant-1, and dry weight of seedling than other seed size and sowing depth combinations. The study revealed that placement of large sized seeds at shalow depth may result in successful raising of this species in nursery and thus may help in successful implementation of afforestation programmes in the Indian Thar desert.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57234
Title: Financial flows from sacred basil (Ocimum sanctum) based agroforestry land-use systems in mid hills of Western Himalays
Author: N S Thakur and K S Verma
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 7, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestery
Keywords: Ocimum santum, Financial flows, Agro forestry landuse system, Western Himalaya
Abstract: Investigations on effect of tree-crop combinations and nitrogen levels on economic returns from Ocimum sanctum L. based agroforestry sytems were carried out during 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. Three nitrogen doses applied to O. sanctum were 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha. The net returns were calculated on financial (farmer ' s land) and economic (rented land) basis. Maximum net financial returns to tune of Rs 29136.30 accrued from herbage of O. sanctum grown in association with Peach+Morus+Setaria with application of 120 kg nitrogen/ha, whereas maximum net financial returns (Rs 35249), from tree and grass component, were obtained from Peach+Setaria. Application of nitrogen progressively increased the herb yield and hence the net returns under all the agroforestry systems. The total net financial returns amounting to Rs 63158 were obtained from Peach+Morus+Setaria+O.sanctum followed by Peach+Setaria+O. sanctum (Rs 62945).The maximum benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) values to the tune of 3.88 were obtained from Morus+Setaria+O.sanctum system on farmers land (financial), whereas, it was 1.78 from Peach+Setaria+O.sanctum system supposign the enterprise (crop) have been taken on rented land (economic).
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57233
Title: Xylotomic account of upland and mangrove species of Indian rhizophoraceae with special remarks on systematic, ecological and evolutionary trends
Author: Sangeeta Gupta and Vishaka Saxena
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 7, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestery
Keywords: Rhizophoraceae, Wood microstructure, ecology, upland species, mangrove species
Abstract: The present study deals with a comparative account of wood microstructure of the upland and mangrove species of the family Rhizophoraceae from India. The mangrove species studied are Bruguiera caryophylloides Bl., B. eriopetala W. & A, B. gymnorhiza Lam., B parviflora W. & A., Ceriops candolleana Arnott., C. roxburghiana Arnott., Kandelia rheedii W. & A., Rhizophora conjugata L., R. mucronata Lam while two upland species studied are Blepharistemma corymbosum Wall. and Carallia lucida Roxb. An identification key based on salient diagnostic features has been develope for the separation of the species of this family. The same has been supplemented with photomicrographs.
The analysis of correlation coefficient between selected quantitative features of mangroves and upland species of the family Rhizophoraceae has been discussed. The quantitative wood anatomical characteristic shows some differences in ecological trends between upland and mangrove species. Inverse relationship between vessel diameter and vessel frequency and positive relationship between fibre length & fibre diameter and vulnerability & mesomorphy were observed. All the mangrove species except for Ceriops are mesic while the upland species are highly mesic.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None