ID: 57262
Title: Analysis of groundwater for cadmium contamination in some districts of Uttar Pradesh, India
Author: B Tabassum and Priya Bajaj
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Cadmium contamination, groundwater, health hazards, districts of Uttar Pradesh
Abstract: Cadmium is one of the most dangerous occupational and environmental toxin occurring commonly in drinking water, atmospheric air and even food. Occurrence of cadmium in groundwater is the chief source of exposure since drinking water is unavoidable. WHO has permitted a standard quantity of cadmium in water, below which it is safe to drink. Natural as well as anthropogenic activities as industries are the major source of groundwater cadmium contamination. Present study is designed with the aim to investigate the cadmium level of grounwater in some districts of Uttar Pradesh and compare it with WHO permissible limit, so that public attention about dreadness of cadmium toxicity could be drawn.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57261
Title: Evaluation of water quality of Padavagodu tank, Sagar tank, Karnataka, India
Author: C K Mookappa Naik and Hina Kousar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Padavagodu tank, Water quality, pollutants, drinking water standards, fish culture
Abstract: The stagnant waters such as ponds or tanks and lakes are usually called lentic waters. The pollutants concentrate themselves differently in these zones based on prevailing physical and chemical conditions. These zones are usually inhabited by specialized organisms adopted to environment. The large number of chemical compounds are brought to the waters by discharge of sewage, industrial wastewater and agriculture runoff, and several of them are poisonous to life in varied concentrations and may affect the fish culture. The present study deals with physico-chemical characteristics like temperature, pH, EC, TDS, Cl, TH, total alkalinity, acidity, turbidity, NO3, PO4, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, free CO2, calcium, magnesium, sulphates, dissolved organic matters in the Padavagodu tank water studied from December 2009 to November 2010. Data were collected from one sampling station to evaluate the water quality for human consumption and irrigation. The study revealed that physico-chemical data were within WHO and BIS standards. Hence, it was concluded that watre is suitable for drinking, irrigation and fisheries.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57260
Title: Paddy husk and pressmud as renewable and ecofriendly bioinoculant carriers
Author: Aparna B Gunjal, Balasaheb P Kapadnis and Namdeo J Pawar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bioinoculant carriers, agroindustry by-products, Burkhlderia gladioli, Bacillus circulans
Abstract: The lignite and peat are the traditional carriers used in biofertiliser industry. They are non-renewable, costly, non ecofriendly and their reservoirs limited in India. Therefore, the present work was undertaken to check and evaluate whether the agroindustry by-products viz., peanut shell, corn cob, sawdust, paddy husk, and pressmud can be used as carriers alternative to the traditional ones. Evaluation of the carriers was done by studying the survival of Burkholderia galdioli and Bacillus circulans at 28, 37 and 450C respectively for a period of three months on a weekly basis by the viable plate count method. Physico-chemical characteristics of the agroindustry by-products showed that pressmud and paddy husk have pH 6.62 and 6.66, ash content 0.23 and 0.32% (w/w) , potassium content 0.034 and 0.037% (w/w) respectively. The water-holding capacity was high in the agroindustry by-products corn cob, sawdust, peanut shell and pressmud, which was 87.09, 60.27, 70.30, 52.98% (w/w) respectively. Pressmud and paddy husk both were found to be very rich in the macro and microelements such as CaO, MnO, V, Cu, Rb, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, I, Ba, Hf, Hg, Ti, Th, Co, Rb, Ag, Hg, Bi and Th in comparison ot Lignite. The viable count at 280C of Burkholderia gladioli was highest in pressmud which was 2.347 x 105 cfu/g and in case of Bacillus circulans. It was highest in paddy husk which was 2.381 x 105 cfu/g. The viable count of Burkholderia gladioli and Bacillus circulans was also better at 370C and 450C in the agroindustry by-products in comparison to Lignite. Thus, pressmud and paddy husk were found to be as alternate carriers to lignite, which will be cheaper, renewable, ecofriendly, more easily available and use of them is a clean technology. Since these are the by-products of the agroindustry, their use as carrier will give a value-added product and also protect the bacterial cells from desiccation.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57259
Title: Depth-wise distribution of important chemical properties, heavy metals and fractionation of chromium in soils receiving mixed effluent water
Author: J K Parmar and K P Patel
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Contaminated soils, soil properties, heavy metals, profile distribution
Abstract: A survey was carried out to assess the changes in important soil chemical properties at different depths in soil and fractionation of chromium in soils irrigated with mix industrial effluent waters flowing in Khari channel around area of Nawagam-Vatava region of Gujarat, India. The soils of contaminated area were slightly netural to alkaline whereas uncontaminated soils showed pH more towards sodicity. The distribution of available P, K and S nutrients in both the soil profiles indicated their build up in surface soil. The accumulation of DTPA-Fe, Mn and Zn were more in contaminated soil, while DTPA-Cu was higher in uncontaminated soil. Further, the soils of contaminated area were contaminated with heavy metals than uncontaminated soils. The surface soil was more contaminated with Pb, Cd and Cr, while Ni and Co were accumulated more in lower depth. The Cd and Cr showed evenly distribution in uncontaminated soil profile whereas DTPA-Ni, and Co content was comparatively higher in lower depth of the profile. Among different fractions of Cr viz, exchangeable, carbonate, Fe-Mn oxides, organic and residual fraction occupied major portion of the total Cr. However, the content of residual fraction of Cr was more in contaminated than uncontaminated soil. The exchangeable-Cr fraction was found to be the least in both the soils.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57258
Title: Effect of different percentages of Waste High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) fibres on the properties of fibre reinforced concrete
Author: B I Khadak Bhavi, V Venkateshwar Reddy and P B Ullagaddi
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: HDPE fibres, Fiber reinforced concrete, strength characteristics
Abstract: Most of HDPE fibre become waste after their usage, causing environment problems. To address the issue, a method to recylce waste High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) fibre is presented to investigate the possibility of using various plastic wastes containing HDPE fibre as polymer additives to concrete. The expeirmental investigation is carried out to verify the effect of different percentages of waste HDPE fibres on the workability and strength characteristics of fiber reinforced concrete. Appropriate tests were performed to measure different strength characteristics like compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength on different percentages of waste HDPE fibres like 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1%. The results show that how compressive strength increases up to certain percentage and decreases as fiber volume fraction is increased.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57257
Title: Assessment of ambient air quality in urban environments of Hyderabad, India
Author: Anusha C Pawar, S Jithender Kumar Naik and S Anitha Kumari
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Ambient air quality, Hyderabad, Automobiles, NAAQS standards
Abstract: Environmental pollution is an ever-increasing problem in the industrialized and highly populated areas of the world. Recently the intensity and magnitude of air pollutant concentration has grown up rapidly in the troposphere. Hyderabad, capita of Andhra Pradesh, is a centre of southern part of India for both industrial and commercial activity. It is one of the most populous urban areas with approximately 6.8 million inhabitants and over 73,000 small, medium and major industrial establishments sharing the greater city. The air pollution is primarily associated with automobiles and industrial sources of which motor vehicles are of major concern. The available information on the levels of ambient gaseous pollutants in tropical areas particularly Asian countries were meagre and keeping in the view of health effects and economic burden associated with the elevated levels of air pollutants, the present study was undertaken with an objective to assess the ambient air quality of Hyderabad which is undergoing rapidly urban and industrial development. For this study, the air samples were drawn at the height of 1.5-3.0m from the ground level in order to monitor the PM, SPM, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur concentrations to ascertain the relationship between gaseous air pllutants and meterological parameters. The overall result reveals that the air quality of environment is deteriorating rapidly due to gaseous pollutants. This study lead us to conclude that multiple approach in needed to combat the air pollution by vehicles via public awareness compaigns, media intervention packages, effective government action plans and programmes and judicious distribution of quality oriented fuels.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57256
Title: Studied on the effect of effluent from a rubber latex centrifuging industry on protein content in Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. and Abelmoshus esculentus (L) Moench
Author: Anice Kurian M
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Vigna unguiculata, Abelmoschus esuclentus, Rubber latex factory effluent, irrigation
Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the treated centrifugal rubber latex fatory effluent on protein content in Vigna unguiculata L. Walp and Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)Moench. The increasing demand of irrigation water leads to research exploring the viable alternatives. The present study also aimed in this direction. The physico-chemical analysis of the effluent indicated its acidic nature as well as presence of appreciable amount of dissolved solids, suspended solids, ammonical nitrogen, total nitrogen, sulphate and potassium together with high BOD and COD. Different dilutions of the effluent such as 25, 50, 75% and undiluted effluent were used for treatment. The results indicated that there is a marked different in the response of these two genotypes to effluent treatment. Abelmoschus esculentus is tolerant and the treatment showed a favourable result with respect to protein, as evidenced by a high amount of protein treated population. In Vigna unguiculata the protein content showed reduction in all the treated population. The study recommended that after proper dilution the effluent can be used as an effective source of irrigation water.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57255
Title: Impact of one time application of distillery spent wash on the grondwater quality
Author: K Suganya, G Rajannan and K Valliappan
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Distillery spent wash, Irrigation doses, leachate, groundwater quality
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted with different irrigation doses of distillery spent wast along with inorganic N and P fertilizer without K using maize variety COH (M)-5 as test crop and groundnut as residual crop. In order to assess the quality of groundwater due to distillery spent wast application, piezometers of 1 m depth were installed in five treatments viz., 25, 50, 75, 100 kL/ha and in the contro. Piezometer water samples were collected at regular intervals and analysed for various water quality parameters. The leachate study with piezometre of 1m depth indicated that the pH, EC, cations, anions, BOD, TDS, SAR and RSC of the leachate were slightly increased in distillery spent wast applied treatments, compared to control. However, in the leachate collected after fourth and fifth leachings, the levles of cations, anions, BOD, TDS, SAR and RSC were decreased.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57254
Title: Microbial growth and arsenic tolerance ability as influenced by inherent arsenic loading in polluted soils of West Bengal
Author: T Biswas and S C Kole
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Arsenic, tolerance limit, microorganisms, polluted soil
Abstract: The effect of inherent arsenic loading on microbial growth in polluted soils of Haringhata block in the district of Nadia, West Bengal as well as the arsenic tolerant ability of the composite cultures of the said soils in different concentrations of arsenate (Asv) and arsenite (Asiii) at differetn house of incubation were studied. Total arsenic loading in the affected soils ranged from 4.70 to 16.56 mg/kg and to that of Olsen extractable arsenic (available arsenic) from 0.74 to 2.98 mg/kg. Total and available arsenic loading adversely affected the bacterial and cyanobacterial population, but not the fungi and actinomycetes. Significant negative correlations were obtained between total soil arsenic and bacterial populaiton (r = -0.798** in CFU and -0.800** in MPN method), available arsenic and bacterial population (r=-0.870** in CFU and -0.783** in MPN), total soil arsenic and cyanobacterial population (r = -0.853**) as well as available arsenic and cyanobacterial population (r = -0.857**). AsIII was more toxic than Asv, the growth of the composite cultures appeared up to 20,000 mg/L in Asv enriched broth and up to 500 mg/L in Aslll enriched broth in some of the soils after 168 hours of incubation. On an average, with increase in incubation period, arsenic tolerance ability increased and microbial growth appeared at the higher levels of As concentration. Microbial growth appeared at higher concentration as Asv and Aslll with those soils having comparatively higher inherent As loading.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57253
Title: Heavy metal accumulation in plankton of Halali reservoir - A biomonitoring approach
Author: Neetu Malik, A K Biswas and C B Raju
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Heavy metals, bioaccumulation, Halali reservoir
Abstract: Halali reservoir is a freshwater resource of Madhya Pradesh. It receives untreated domestic sewage and municipal wastes and also agricultural runoff from the surrounding areas. Different heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb) were measured in Halali reservoir during 2007-08 by using ICP-OES. Heavy metal contents were found significantly different among the sites and varied in the seasons. All the metals were higher at station H1 and confirm this site as a major source of pollution in the reservior. Heavy metal content in plankton followed the order: Fe>Mn>Pb>Ni in all the seasons. Pb showed the highest bioaccumulation with high BAF values, although it was within the permitted level in reservoir ' s water. In this communication the concentration of metals in plankton can affect the associated fauna of the water body, and finally the impact can be seen on human health by the process of biomagnification.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57252
Title: Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Mimosa pudica L. and Mimosa invisa L against selected microbes
Author: G Chitra, K A Athira and C T Anitha
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, pathogenic bacteria, Mimosa pudica, Mimosa invisa
Abstract: The antibacterial activity of Mimosa pudica and Mimosa invisa were evaluated. The extract of these plants was obtained by using methanol and water as solvents. Antibacterial activity was screened by using agar well diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria, ie., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas fluorescens, M pudica and M invisa showed highest antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae and B. subtilis respectively. Phytochemical screenign revealed that M. pudica and M. invisa, in general, contain active constituents like alkaloids, tannins, flavanoids, steroids, phenols, glycosides, terpenoids, anthraquinones, etc. having a definite specificity.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57251
Title: Principal component analysis: Deeper aquifer groundwater quality of Bhaskar Rao Kunta watershed, Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Author: K Srinivasa Reddy and M Sudheer Kumar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bhaskar Rao Kunta Watershed, Groundwater quality, principal component analysis, Hydrogeochemical process
Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) is an appropriate tool for water quality evaluated and management. In the study area, PCA was used for multivariate factor analysis of hydrogeochemical variables of pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+,Na+, K+, HCO3-,SO42-, Cl-,NO3-, F-, TH and TDS. Influence on chemical composition of groundwater quality and statistically characterize (Eigen value > 1 and % of variance) two factors were extracted as well as identified, principal component.-I and II. The principal component-I accounts for 36.62 and 39.08% of variance and principal component-II accounts for 17.84 and 18.10% of variance in pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively. Graphical presentation of the principal component-I and II showed loading relationship between the variables EC, TDS and Ca2+ as high positive relation; and variables between TH, Mg2+, NO3- and F- as low positive relation in pre-monsoon season. Principal component-I and II showed loading relationship variables between pH, as high positive relation; and variables between HCO3- and SO42- as high positive relation in post monsoon seasons respectively. These two principal components results were predicted for hydrochemical process of rock water interaction, process of degradation products of the ions, process of alkalinity and process of anthropogenesis activity. It was concluded that hydrochemical process is controlled by geogenic and non-geogenic factors.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57250
Title: Study on habitata ecology and phytoplankton diversity of Nagathibelagalu tank in Industrial town Bhadravathi, karnataka, India
Author: H A Sayeswara, T Vasantha Naik, H S Ravikumar Patil and Mahesh Anand Goudar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Habitat ecology, Nagathibelagalu tank, Phytoplankton diversity, eutrophication
Abstract: Physico-chemical characteristics and phytoplankton diversity of Nagathibelagalu tank of Bhadravathi town was studied for a period of twelve months from January to December 2008. The estimated water quality parameters were compared with the standard values prescribed by the Bureau of India Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). The results of physico-chemical analysis revealed that water is polluted due to high BOD, free CO2, phosphate and nitrate. A total of 44 species belonging to 29 genera of phytoplankton were recorded, of which chlorophyceae and diatoms were found to be dominant among four classes. Pollution tolerant species such as Scenedesmus sp., Coelastrum sp, Euglena sp., Trachelomonas sp and Microcystis aeruginosa were observed.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57249
Title: Applicability studies of reactor filled with coffee husk blended with wooden chips as a fixed bed for wastewater treatment
Author: A R Vinod and R M Mahalingegowda
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Fixed film reactor, wastewater treatment, coffee husk, wooden chips
Abstract: Recent interest in environment-friendly materials for the treatment of wastewater leads to the creation of new composites. Organic matter can be effectively removed by packed materials such as plastic honey comb structures, corrugated sheets, stones, etc. in attached growth process. The use of naturally available fibrous materials, which is cost effective and also have characteristics of high specific surface area can be used as a support media in fixed film reactor. Several natural fibrous biomass support mediums are available for use; some of these are coffee husk and wooden chips. The present investigation aims to study the applicability of coffee husk blended with wooden chips as a fixed bed, and also to study the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) from the municipal wastewater. Two phases of operation were conducted to study the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and organic loading rates (OLR). In this study the experiment was conducted for a continuous mode of operation. The bioreacors were continuously aerated and fed with institutionsl wastewater having an initial average COD of 669 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen of 2.9 mg/L, phosphate of 19.83 mg/L and TSS of 3600 mg/L. The reactor filled with coffee husk blended with wooden chips showed nominal amount of COD removal of 88-91%, ammonia nitrogen removal of 70-73% and phosphate removal of 91-94% under different reactor conditions.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57248
Title: Application of upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor process for the treatment of dairy wastewater- A review
Author: C Elangovan and A S S Sekar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Anaerobic treatment, dairy wastewater, UASB reacter
Abstract: The up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatmnet of diary wastewater is often reported to be an effective method of treatment. The objective of this paper is to summarize recent research efforts and case studies in up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for treating dairy effluents. The main characteristics of the dairy wastewater have been identified and the degradation mechanism of the primary constituents in dairy wastewaters, namely carbohydrates (mainly lactose), proteins and lipids has been described. Primary attention is focused on bench, pilot-scale up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatment of dairy wastewater effluents. Finally, areas where further research and attention are required have been identified.
Location: TE 15, New Biological Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None