ID: 57352
Title: Building extraction and rubble mapping for city Port-au-Prince post-2010 earthquake with GeoEye-1 imagery and Lidar data
Author: Ejaz Hussain, Serkan Ural, KyoHyouk Kim, Chiung-Shiuan Fu and Jie Shan
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 10, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: lidar (Light Detection and Ranging),
Abstract: This paper uses GeoEye - 1 imagery and airborne lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) data to map buildings and their rubble in Port -au-Prince caused by the Haiti earthquake on 12 January 2010. This is achieved by performing an object based one-class-at-a-time land cover classification of the image and lidar data using spectral, textural and height information. Classification accuracy is about 87 percent overall, and approximately 80 percent for buildings and rubble. Comparison of manually - selected 200 actual damaged buildings within an area of two sq.km in the city center shows an accuracy of over 90 percent for building and rubble mapping. 3D building models for approximately 55,000 buildings covering an area of 30 sq. km over Port-au-Prince were generated. It is found that most of the damage is to the concrete and mansonry structures in the well planned areas of the city and very little damage to the shelters and the temporary type houses with metal sheet roofs. The study demonstrates that fusing optical imagery and lidar data can effectively map the nature, severity, extent and damage patterns caused by earthquakes in densely populated urban areas like Port-au-Prince.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57351
Title: A comprehensive analysis of building damage in the 12 January 2010 Mw7 Haiti earthquake using high-resolution satellite-and aerial imagery
Author: Christina Corbane, Keiko Saito, Luca Dell ' Oro, Einar Bjorgo, Stuart P D Gill, Boby Emmanuel Piard, Charles K Huyck, Thomas Kemper, Guido Lemoine, Robin J S Spence, Ravi Shankar, Olivier Senegas, Francis Ghesquiere, David Lallemant, Galen B Evans
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 10, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT)
Abstract: The paper provides an account of how three key relief organizations worked together after the devastating Haiti earthquake to produce the first damage assessment based mainly on the use of remotely-sensed imagery. This assessment was jointly conducted by the World Bank (WB), the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT), and the European Commission ' s Joint Research Centre (JRC). This paper discusses the data sources used for the assessement, the methodologies employed to evaluate building damage, and a set of independent studies to validate the final damage results. Finally, a vision of the role of remote sensing technologies in future disasters is presented that serves as a road map for methodological improvements.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57350
Title: Geospatial disaster response during the Haiti earthquake: A case study spanning airborne deployment, data collection, transfer, processing, and dissemination
Author: Jan A N. van Aardt, Donald McKeown, Jason Faulring, Nina Raqueno, May Casterline, Chris Renschler, Ronald Eguchi, David Messinger, Robert Krzaczek, Steve Cavillia, John Antalovich, Jr., Nat Philips, Brent Bartlett, Carl Salvaggio, Erin Ontiveros, and
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 9, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Catastrophe Assessment Network (GEO-CAN)
Abstract: Immediately following the 12 January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, a disaster response team from Rochester Institute of Technology, ImageCat Inc., and Kucera International, funded by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery group of the World Bank, collected 0.15 m airborne imagery and two points/m2 lidar data for 650 km2 over a period of seven days. Data were transferred to Rochester, New York for processing at rates that approached 400 Mb/s using Internet2, ortho-rectified with a 24-hour turnaround, and distributed to response agencies through file or disk transfer. A unique response effort, dubbed the Global Earth Observation - Catastrophe Assessment Network (GEO-CAN) and headed by ImageCat, utilized over 600 experts from 23 different countries to generate rapid turnaround damage assessment products. This paper highlights the airborne data collection, transfer, processing, and product development effort, which arguably has raised the bar in terms of response to large-scale disasters.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57349
Title: Automated damage indication for rapid geospatial reporting
Author: Dirk Tiede, Stefan Lang, Petra Fureder, Daniel Holbling, Christian Hoffmann, and Peter Zeil
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 9, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Haiti earthquakes
Abstract: A methodology for automated extraction of damage indication from very high spatial resolution satellite imagery is presented for the Haitian towns of Carrefour and Leogane following the January 2010 earthquake. Damaged buildings are identified by changes to their shadows between pre-and post-event data. The approach makes use of object-based image analysis concepts to extract relevant information on damage distribution. The methodology selected requires pre- and post-disaster images with similar sun angles and will only be suitable for the detection of collapsed (or partly collapsed ) structures. The new methodology proved to be effective for the Carrefour area despite using satellite images of different qualities with inadequate image (Co-) registration, producing positively validated results within an acceptable processing time, and was, to the best of our knowledge, the only automated damage assessment method to have delivered appropriate results to requesting relief organizations within a few days of the Haiti earthquakes.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57348
Title: Rapid damage assessment and situation mapping: Learning from the 2010 Haiti earthquake
Author: Stefan Voigt, Tobias Schneiderhan, Andre Twele, Monika Gahler, Enrico Stein, and Harald Mehl
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 9, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Crisis Information (ZKI), European Global Monitoring for Enviornment and Security (GMES)
Abstract: The paper reports on the activity of the Centre for Satellite based Crisis Information (ZKI) of the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti on 12 January 2010. DLR/ZKI closely coordinated with the European Global Monitoring for Enviornment and Security (GMES) program and the International Charter Space and Major Disasters. All DLR/ZKI damage maps are based on a specific analysis approach, including preprocessing procedures and visual interpretation on a grid-basis. As the satellite-based mapping response globally was to extensive for this event, problems resulting from the large number and inconsistency of satellite maps generated interantionally are addressed. In order to avoid this kind of "mapping challenge" in future the setting-up of an international working group to elaborate global guidelines and cooperation procedures for better coherence of international satellite rapid mapping efforts for extreme events such as the Haiti earthquake is suggested.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57347
Title: Seismic-zonation of port-au-prince using pixel-and object-based imaging analysis methods on ASTER GDEM
Author: Alan Yong, Susan E. Hough, Brady R. Cox, Ellen M Rathje, Jeff Bachhuber, Ranon Dulberg, David Hulslander, Lisa Christiansen, and Michael J Abrams
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 9, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Seismic-zonation map, ASTER GDEM
Abstract: We report about a preliminary study to evaluate the use of semi-automated imaging analysis of remotely-sensed DEM and field geophysical measurements to develop a seismic-zonation map of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. For in situ data, Vs30 values are derived from the MASW technique deployed in and around the city. For satellite imagrey, we use an ASTER GDEM of Hispaniola. We apply both pixel- and object-based imaging methods on the ASTER GDEM to explore local topography (absolute elevation values) and classify terrain types such as mountains, alluvial fans and basins/near-shore regions. We assign NEHRP seismic site class ranges based on available Vs30 values. A comparison of results from imagery-based methods to results from traditional geologic-based approaches reveals good overall correspondence. We conclude that image analysis of RS data provides reliable first-order site characterization results in the absence of local data and can be useful to refine detailed site maps with sparse local data.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57346
Title: USGS remote sensing coordination for the 2010 Haiti earthquake
Author: Kenneth A Duda and Brenda K Jones
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 9, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: US Geological Survey (USGS), Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS)
Abstract: In response to the devastating 12 January 2010, earthquake in Haiti, the US Geological Survey (USGS) provided essential coordinating services for remote sensing activities. Communication was rapidly established between the widely distributed response teams and data providers to define imaging requirements and sensor tasking opportunities. Data acquired from a variety of sources were received and archived by the USGS, and these products were subsequently distributed using the Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS) and other mechanisms. Within six weeks after the earthquake, over 600,000 files representing 54 terbytes of data were provided to the response community. The USGS directly supported a wide variety of groups in their use of these data to characterize post-earthquake conditions and to make comparisons with pre-event imagery. The rapid and continuing response achieved was enabled by existing imaging and ground systems, and skilled personnel adept in all aspects of satellite data acquisition, processing, distribution and analysis. The information derived from image interpretation assisted senior planners and on-site teams to direct assistance where it was most needed.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57345
Title: Automatic structural seismic damage assessment with airborne oblique pictometry imagery
Author: Markus Gerke and Norman Kerle
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 9, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: pictometry data, European Macroseismic Scale (EMS 98)
Abstract: Accurate and rapid mapping of seismic building damage is essential to support rescue forces and estimate economic losses. Traditional methods have limitations: ground-based mapping is slow and largely limited to facade information, and image-based mapping is typically restricted to vertical (roof) views. Here, we assess the value of photogrammetrically processed airborne oblique, multi-perspective Pictometry data, in a two-step approach: (a) supervised classification into facades, intact roofs, destroyed roofs and vegetation using 22 image-derived features, and (b) combining the classification results from different viewing directions into a per-building damage score adapted from the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS 98) for damage classification (no - moderate damage, heavy damage, destruction). Overall classificaiton accuracies for the four classes and for the building damage of 70 percent and 63 percent, respectively, were achieved. Image stereo overlap helped classify facades, but problems with the relatively vague EMS damage class definitions were encountered, and subjectivity in training data generation affected overall classification by up to 10 percent.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57344
Title: Biomass estimation and carbon storage in selected multipurpose trees and common wild grasses
Author: A Miria and Anisa Basheer Khan
Editor: Dr P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Biomass, carbon storage, trees, grasses
Abstract: Uptake of CO2 through plant tissues and storage in the biomass is the principle behind carbon sequestration. Carbon allocation to various parts in a tree differs, with the stem or the trunk being the largest reservoir of plant carbon. With forests dwindling, agro forestry and horticultural crops are occupying large land mass. Open wild grasses with a short life cycle also play a major role as carbon sinks contributing more to the soil organic carbon. The present study is on some common multipurpose trees like ornamental trees, plantation crops which were selected within the university campus. Among the grasses both wild variety and lawn grass were selected for comparison. Peltophorum pterocarpum indicated highest total biomass carbon density (496 Kg/t) and Azadirachta indica has the lowest value (462 Kg/t). The average above ground biomass organic carbon stock in trees was 0.84 t/tree and below ground biomass organic carbon stock was 0.12 t/tree and among the grasses Apluda mutica contributed maximum of 0.280 kg m-2 of carbon per quadrat and Brzchiaria ramose (0.055 Kg m-2) had the least.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57343
Title: Morphology and features of seeds of different species of dry deciduous forest of Malwa plateau region
Author: Jitendra Singh, P S Chauhan and Kavita A
Editor: Dr P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Dry deciduous forests, Malwa plateau, Morphology of seeds
Abstract: By and large, the seeds collected from the dry deciduous forests of the ' Malwa ' plateau region were medium to large in shape and mostly brown in colour. The majority of seeds manifested recalcitrant nature. Ripening of the seeds was mostly during summer months.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57342
Title: Variability of beta-asarone in in-vitro raised and ex-situ grown Acorus calamus Linn.
Author: Farheen Mazher and Pratibha Singh
Editor: Dr P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Acorus calamus, Rhizome, beta-asarone, tissue culture, gas liquid chromatography
Abstract: The oil content in rhizomes of four-month old tissue culture raised out field grown Acorus calamus plants were extracted by soxhlet extraction method and analyzed by Gas Liquid Chromatography. The main chemical component found was beta-asarone. Percentage of average minimum beta-asarone content was found 88.40% in the rhizome of 5 month old tissue cultured plants. The maximum beta-Asarone average content 88.74% was recorded from rhizomes of twelve month old plants. Beta-asarone content varied between 64.27% of five month old plants and 82.61% in 12 months old plants. The leaves of in-vitro raised A. calamus showed minimum beta-asarone content with an average of 79.82% in five month old plants whereas maximum beta-asarone average content 81.71% was recorded from twelve month old plants.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57341
Title: Clonal propagation of Schleichera oleosa by cleft grafting
Author: Animesh Sinha
Editor: Dr P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Grafting, kusum, lac host plant, clonal propagation, incense stick cover
Abstract: Cleft grafting was attempted in Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken (Syn. S. trijuga Willd). The effect of covering of scion after graft union, grafting season and tree age were evaluated for the success of graft union. Maximum success (56.7%) was recorded when all leaves were removed from scion and incense stick cover was completely sealed to prevent desiccation of scion. June month was found to be best time for grafting of this species in eastern part of India. However, no grafting success was observed when scion was taken from trees having more than 40 years of age.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57340
Title: Genetic divergence studies among the progenies of plus trees in Bixa orellana,L
Author: S Kala and K Kumaran
Editor: Dr P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Bixin, Candidate plus trees, genetic diversity, cluster, tree improvment
Abstract: Bixa orellana, L is one of the important natural colourant and medicinal plant in the world. "Bixin" is a natural seed specific orange-red (carotenoid) pigment widely used in food and cosmetic industries. Thirty four CPTs were selected from majorAnnatto growing regions. Substantial variability was recorded in morphological traits of selected plus trees. Significant variations were observed in growth characters of plus tree progenies under nursery. The Genetic divergence study reveals that 34 CPTs were grouped into eleven clusters. Clustering pattern indicated no relationship between the genetic divergence and geographical distribution. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster X and VII. The maximum intra cluster distance was shown by cluster X. Hence, the clusters were genetically divergent from each other. Therefore, hybridization involving trees of clusters X and VII is recommended in order to achieve high yielding genotypes in Bixa orellana. On the basis of high cluster mean and wide genetic distance, the superior plus trees of cluster X (KLBi 1, KLBi 3 and KLBi5) and cluster VII (KLBi 11 and KABi 6) may be considered as potential parents for further tree improvement programme in Bixa orellana.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57339
Title: Evaluation of polypit technique for adaptation in forest nurseries
Author: Neha Verma and Amit Verma
Editor: Dr P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Polypit, forest, nursery, saplings, survival and growth, Himalayan region
Abstract: The cold and temperate climate in Himalayas with frosty nights makes it difficult to raise saplings for plantations in open conditions. To explore the practicality and effectiveness of adapting the polypit technique for the nurseries of Uttarakhand Forest Department, 20 different forestry species were raised in polypit as well as under open conditions and their survival and growth parameters like shoot length, root collar diameter, leaf area and dry biomass were measured and compared. Out of the 20 species, 6 species gave extremely good survival and growth results in polypit. 12 other species gave inconclusive results while the rest 2 species gave unfavorable results in polypit. Based on the results, it is recommended that all the forest nurseries in Himalayan region may adopt the polypit technique for raising plants of Quercus leucotrichophora, Cinnamomum tamala, Acer oblongum, Punica granatum, Boehmeria rugulosa and DIploknema butyracea.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57338
Title: Genetic diversity in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. through molecular markers for practical applications
Author: Shivani Dobhal, Ashok Kumar and Shruti Sharma
Editor: Dr P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo, RAPD, Genetic diversity, Polymorphism and heterosis
Abstract: The tree improvement programme of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. was started by selecting about 300 plus trees from the distribution range by adopting index method of selection. The selected plus trees were cloned through root suckers and single nodal cuttings rooted both in mist and mist-less chamber. Genetic diversity of further selected forty nine clones was tested through DNA based molecular marker. A total of thirty decamer random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers intially screened which were later reduced to ten most informative primers for the evaluation of leel of genetic diversity. The primers generated 129 reproducible RAPD bands with fragments ranging from 200 to 1300 base pairs, of which 110 were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content (PIC) among the clones varied from 0.154(M-33) to 0.258 (M-122) to witness that RAPD primers detected genetic diversity among the clones. The highest polymorphism (93.33%) was reported with primer OPAG -16 and the lowest (63.63%) with primer OPAF-16. Nonetheless, the average polymorphism with ten primers was calculated to 84.93%. The studies would play a complementary role in hybridization, when selection of most divergent parents become supreme importance to harness maximum heterosis in the shortest possible time.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None