ID: 57367
Title: Assessment of groundwater vulnerability considering distillery effluent irrigation
Author: Bineet Singh, J S Chauhan and Anuraag Mohan
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Contamination, groundwater, Industrial pollution, distillery, effluent irrigation
Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate contamination in ground water due distillery effluent irrigation. A study was conducted from 2008 to 2009 at 2 different times in a year, that is in March and October for 10 pre-identified locations at Gajraula and its suburbs of J P Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh. The PMDE (post-methanated distillery effluent) was applied twice at the rate of about 225050 m3/ha as a pre-sown irrigation. The analysis showed that pH, EC, Cl-, SO42- and Zn were all within the acceptable limits. Elevated levels of TDS, NO3-, PO43-, BOD and Fe values proximity to pollution sources were exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended thresholds for potable water.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57366
Title: A study of fluoride in ground water and its impact on human health in Sadayampatty, Trichirappalli district, Tamil Nadu
Author: S M Mazhar Nazeeb Khan and R Gnanavel
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Ground water, fluoride, fluorosis
Abstract: Naturally occurring fluoride has been detected in ground water in the Sadayampatti village. The ground water is the major source of drinking and irrigation of this area. The different water samples were collected from this region and analyzed fluoride and various physico-chemical parameters. In most of the ground water samples the concentration of fluoride was found to be within the permissible limit when compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit. The ground water samples results are discussed, large number of people living in this region are affected by fluorosis because they use ground water without proper treatment.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57365
Title: Preparation of Copper ferrite and its applications as a pollutant scavenger in aqueous system
Author: R K Kamble, S Babyrani Devi, Pragya Sharma and Rachna Nagar
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Copper ferrite, ferrite, adsorption, coagulation, wastewater treatment, pollutant scavenger
Abstract: Ferrite treatment is one of the promising technique to remove the impurities from water and wastewater system. A study was carried out for the preparation of copper ferrite and its applications in water and wastewater treatment processes as a pollutant scavenger. The product was used as a coagulant for removal of turbidity, as an adsorbent for removal of colour, dissolved organic matters and heavy metals from water and wastewater. At optimum pH of 12 and optimum dose of 0.25 g/L of copper ferrite, turbidity removal was found to be 94.7%. Dissolved organics removal was found to be 67.6% at optimum dose of 0.5 g/100 mL whereas, 100% colour and heavy metals (cadmium and lead) removal were observed. Optimum dose of copper ferrite for colour removal was found to be 5.0 g/100 mL and for cadmium removal it was 0.4 g/100 mL hwereas for lead it was in the range of 0.1-0.5 g/100 mL at pH 7. The synthetic copper ferrite was proved to be a potential and appreciable pollutant scavengre from water and wastewater because of its coagulant and adsorptive characteristics.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57364
Title: Assessment of drinking water quality in Goalpara district of Assam: Physico-chemical parameters
Author: B C Sharma
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Drinking water
Abstract: The study involves the determination of some environmentally important physico-chemical parameters of drinking water in the predominantly rural Goalpara district of Assam. Water samples were collected in 3 seasons over a period of 3 consecutive years from different sources in 13 locations and analyzed for pH, conductance, TDS, TSS, hardness, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, PO43- and F-. The results are discussed in the light of their possible health hazards in relation to their maximum permissible limits. The study shows that the drinking water quality in the study area is not fully satisfactory with respect to one or other parameters.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57363
Title: Impact of indiscriminate disposal of untreated effluents from Thermal power plant on water resources
Author: T V Ramachandra, Sudarshan P Bhat, Durga Madhab Mahapatra and Gautham Krishnadas
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Udupi, Thermal power plant, water pollution, heavy metals
Abstract: Effluents of thermal power plants contain trace elements and heavy metals, needs remediation before discharging to the environment. Heavy metals tend to bioaccumulate in a biological organism, such as fish and thus enter the human food chain. Present study has been carried out to assess the contamination of water sources in Yellur and surrounding villages closer to a thermal power plant in Udupi district, Karnataka State. Water samples from 6 km buffer zone were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and the core zone (within 2 km) samples were analyzed for heavy and trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) contamination. This study indicated that the well, stream and pond water within the core zone is contaminated with heavy metals and the levels were higher than the maximum acceptable limits of the stipulated drinking water guidelines. Physico-chemical analysis showed DO, turbidity, TDS, chlorides, sodium, potassium and hardness of samples of core zone were exceeding the maximum permissible limits of WHO drinking water guidelines.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57362
Title: Detection of swimming pools by geographic object-based image analysis to support West Nile virus control efforts
Author: Minho Kim, James B Holt, Rebecca J Eisen, Kerry Padgett, William K Reisen, and Janet B Croft
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA), Very high spatial resolution (VHR)
Abstract: The recent economic crisis in United States has led to an increase in home foreclosures and subsequent abandonments. A by-product of this trend has been an associated rise in the number of neglected swimming pools, which provide new habitats for the larval stages of the Culex mosquito vectors of West Nile Virus (WNV) in urban and suburban environments. WNV has been major concern related to neglected swimming pools in California. Our research focused on using very high spatial resolution (VHR) satellite imagery and processing techniques, including image pansharpening, normalized difference water index, and geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA), to develop a geographic information system (GIS) database of swimming pool locations. This research demonstrated that GEOBIA with VHR imagery could produce a GIS database of swimming pools with the high accuracy of 94 percent. The analytic approach of this research is expected to economically facilitate the location of swimming pools for ground inspection and mosquito control.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57361
Title: Automatic georeferencing of aerial images using stereo high-resolution satellite images
Author: Jaehong Oh, Charles K Toth, and Dorota, A Grejner-Brzezinska
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) , RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus)
Abstract: For airborne surveys, the GPS/INS system has become the primary source for aerial image georeferencing. However, alternative automated georeferencing is required to serve as a backup for georeferencing when GPS/INS-based georeferencing is not feasible. High-resolution satellite images [HRSI] have been globally available with better spatial resolution and increasing positional accuracy. Therefore, HRSI has high potential as a ground control source for aerial image georeferencing which usually requires accurate 3D ground control points. Unfortunately, single imagery, which is often used as a reference, contains relief displacement due to objects on the ground introducing postitional errors, unless it is not true ortho-rectified which is costly and time consuming. Therefore, in this study, a stereo HRSI-based automated georeferencing approach is proposed. The use of stereo images can avoid the impact of relief displacement and requires no external height information. The proposed method is based on a multi-scale image matching approach utilizing a combination of SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) and RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus). In the georeferencing step, the bundle adjustment with outlier removal of Baard ' s data snooping was utilized. Experimental results for a strip of aerial images with stereo Ikonos images showed its potential as a backup system for automated georeferencing.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57360
Title: A volumetric approach to population estimation using Lidar remote sensing
Author: Zhenyu Lu, Jungho Im, and Lindi Quackenbush
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: simple linear regression, multiple linear regression,
Abstract: This research investigated the applicability of lidar data for estimating population at the census block level using a volumetric approach. The study area, near the urban downtown area of Denver, Colorado, was selected since it includes dense distribution of different types of residential buildings. A modified morphological building detection algorithm was proposed to extract buildings from the lidar derived surfaces. The extraction results showed that the modified morphological building detection algorithm can effectively morphological building detection algorithm can effectively recover building pixels occluded by nearby trees. The extracted buildings were further refined to residential buildings using parcel data. Two approaches (ie area- and volume-based) to population estimation were investigated at the census block level. Four regression models (i.e, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, regression tree using one variable, and regression tree using multiple variables) were used to identify the relationship between census population and the area or volume information of the residential buildings. The volume-based models over-whelmingly outperformed the area-based models in the study area, and the models using multiple variables yielded more accurate estimation than the single variable models. The volume-based regression tree model using multiple variables yielded the most accurate estimations: R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 21 people, and RRMSE=26.8 percent in the calibration site; and R2 = 0.80, RMSE = 27 people, and RRMSE = 30.1 percent in the validation site. As the results show the volumetric approach using lidar remote sensing is effective for population estimation in regions with heterogeneous housing characteristics.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57359
Title: Daily MODIS data trends of hurricane-induced forest impact and early recovery
Author: Elijah Ramsey III, Joseph Spruce, Amina Rangoonwala, Yukihiro Suzuoki, James Smoot, Jerry Gasser, and Terri Bannister
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Vegetation index (VI)
Abstract: We studied the use of daily satellite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensorsto assess wetland forest damage and recovery from Hurricane Katrina (29 August 2005 landfall). Processed MODIS daily Vegetation index (VI) trends were consistent with previously determined impact and recovery patterns provided by the "snapshot" 25 m Landsat Thematic Mapper optical and RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar satellite data. Phenological trends showed high 2004 and 2005 pre-hurricane temporal correspondence within bottomland hardwood forest communities, except during spring green-up, and temporal dissimilarity between these hardwoods and nearby cypresstupelo swamp forests (Taxodium distichum [baldcypress] and Nyssa aquatica [water tupelo]). MODIS VI trend analyses established that one year after impact, cypress-tupelo and lightly impacted hardwood forests had recovered to near pre-hurricane conditions. In contrast, canopy recovery lagged in the moderately and severely damaged hardwood forest, possible reflecting regeneration of pre-hurricane species and stand-level replacement by invasive trees.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57358
Title: Estimating aboveground carbon of Moso bamboo forests using the k nearest neighbors technique and satellite imagery
Author: Guomo Zhou, Xiaojun Xu, Huaqiang Du, Hongli Ge, Yongjun Shi, and Yufeng Zhou
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Aboveground carbon (AGC), Thematic Mapper (TM), slope, Intercept, and Correlation Distance (SICD), Euclidean Distance (ED) and Mahalanobis Distance (MD)
Abstract: The extensive distribution of bamboo forests in Southern and Southeast Asia plays an important role in carbon sequestration and climate change. Providing timely and accurate estimates for aboveground carbon (AGC) of Moso bamboo forests is an urgent task. Based on the integration of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and field inventory data, this study explores use of the k Nearest Neighbors (KNN) technique for estimating AGC. A new distance metric named Slope, Intercept, and Correlation Distance (SICD) is introduced and compared with Euclidean Distance (ED) and Mahalanobis Distance (MD). Using leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation, the estimation performance of KNN technique is then compared with a linear regression model. The research indicates that the SICD is slightly better than ED and MD but no significant differences were found between them in estimating AGC. For extreme AGC conditions, the KNN technique has a greater estimation performance than that of the linear regression model, and is a convenient and effective method for estimating AGC of Moso bamboo forests in a large area.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57357
Title: Quantifying urban landscape water conservation potential using high resolution remote sensing and GIS
Author: Fayek A Farag, Christopher M U Neale, Roger K Kjelgren, and Joanna Endter-Wada
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Airborne multispectral digital images,
Abstract: Research goals were to analyze patterns of urban landscape water use, assess landscape water conservation potential and identify locations with capacity to conserve. Methodological contributions involved acquiring airborne multispectral digital images over two urban cities which were processed, classified, and imported into a GIS environment where landscaped areas were extracted and combined with property and water billing data and local evapotranspiration rates to calculate landscape irrigation applications exceeding estimated water needs. Additional analyses were conducted to compare classified aerial images to ground measured landscaped areas, landscaped areas to total parcel size, water use on residential and commercial properties, and turf areas under trees when they were leafed out and bare. Results verified the accuracy and value of this approach for municipal water management, showed more commercial properties applied water in excess of estimated needs compared to residential ones, and that small percentages of users accounted for most of the excess irrigation.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57356
Title: A novel method for urban road damage detection using very high resolution satellite imagery and road map
Author: Peijun Li, Haiqing Xu and Benqin Song
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 10, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Very High Resolution (VHR)image, overall accuracy (OA), Kappa coefficient
Abstract: In this paper, a novel method for detecting earthquake damage to urban road networks using very high resolution (VHR) satelilte images is proposed. The study focusses on road blockage caused by rubble from collapsed buildings. The road regions were first extracted from a pre-event road map. The damage to the road and network was then detected from the post-event VHR image of the road regions using object-based classification, where both spectral and texture information was used. The damage to adjacent buildings was also extracted and used to refine the inital result of the road damage detection. The proposed method was evaluated using bitemporal VHR images and the road map of Port au Prince, Haiti, which was heavily hit by an earthquake in January 2010. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed the direct use of various data combinations in road damage detection and achieved the best performance, with an overall accuracy (OA) of 81.50 percent and a Kappa coefficient of 61.23 percent. In particular, when the refinement step with building damage information in the area adjacent to the road was applied, the OA and Kappa were significantly improved.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57355
Title: Change detection applying landscape metrics on high remote sensing images
Author: Eva Savina Malinverni
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 10, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Haiti earthquake, FRAGSTAST, QuickBird and Ikonos
Abstract: The Haiti earthquake produced a big effort in the remote sensing data collection. Many international surveying organizations were involved to collect, process and use the spatial information to rescue the population. Here, a change detection methodology based on landscape metrices, derived by the landscape ecology and implemented in FRAGSTAST software is presented. Some of these metrices were applied to Pre-event and Post-event classified images (QuickBird and Ikonos). The attention was focussed on ten test areas, characterized by different spatial pattern san durban structures. The land-cover classification (Urban and Other) was provided by an unupervised K-Means algorithm in ILWIS open source software. The final results and their temporal comparison have allowed localization of the earthquake damages and the occurred changes, and also analyzing the fragmentation of the urban morphology. The GIS management of the information has improved the thematic map production, with useful results very for damage assessment.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57354
Title: Post-event only VHR radar satellite data for automated damage assessment: A study on COSMO/SkyMed and the 2010 Haiti earthquake
Author: Fabio Dell ' Acqua and Diego Aldo Polli
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 10, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Earth Observation (EO)
Abstract: In recent years, a number of destructive earthquake took place around the world. Earth Observation (EO) - based damage assessment was among the tools used to coordinate relief efforts; most of the published maps, however, are still based on weather- dependent optical data and visual interpretation. Only recently, methods based on radar data began to emerge, although not yet consolidated. In this paper we elaborate on a method for damage assessment on urban areas set up on the occasion of the 2008 Sichuan event and refined on the 2009 L ' Aquila earthquake; direct investigation of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, providing an even larger statistical base thanks to the extent of the Post-au-Prince urban area, allowed pinpointing some characteristic behaviours potentially useful to improve damage assessment results. In particular, we note how results changed thanks to a more reliable and accurate revision of reference data and outline a possible starting point for correction of damage over/underestimation. Qunatitative results are provided.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57353
Title: Damage assessment of 2010 Haiti earthquake with post-earthquake satellite image by support vector selection and adaptation
Author: Gulsen Taskin Kaya, Nebiye Musaoglu, and Okan K Ersoy
Editor: Russell G Congaton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 10, October 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Mono-temporal approach, multi-temporal approach, Support Vector Selection and Adaptation (SVSA)
Abstract: Remote sensing technology is a powerful tool to extract regions damaged after an earthquake. There are two methodological approaches in detection of earthquake damage: mono-temporal and multi-termporal. Especially for providing effective emergency management, the mono-temporal approach is generally preferred in extraction of earthquake damage as it does not depend on availability of pre-earthquake imagery. For this purpose, a novel method called support vector selection and adaptation (SVSA) has been introduced to detect the damaged regions from a post-earthquake image. In this study, the SVSA method was applied to the region where the Haiti Presidential Palace and Cathedral is located, and the damaged regions were identified. The performance of the SVSA method in identification of the damaged regions was evaluated by comparing the thematic maps obtained by classifying pre- and post-earthquake images. Additionally, the damage patterns for the city of Port-au-Prince were estimated by the SVSA.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None