ID: 57382
Title: Phenology-based crop classification algorithm and its implications on agricultural water use assessments in California ' s central valley
Author: Liheng Zhong, Peng Gong, and Greg S Biging
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 8, August 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),
Abstract: The overarching goal of this study was to map specific crop types in the Central Valley, California and estimate the effect of classification uncertainty on the calculation of crop evapotranspiration (ETC). A phenology-based classification (PBC) approach ws developed to identify crop types based on phnological and spectral metrics derived from the time series of Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery. Phenological metrics, calculated by fitting asymmetric double sigmoid functions to temporal profiles of enhanced vegetation index (EVI), were capable of separating crop types with distinct crop calendars An innovative method was used to compute spectral metrics to represent crops ' spectral characteristics at certain phenologicl stages instead of any specific imaging date. Crop mapping using these metrics showed a stable performance without influences of low-quality data and inter-annual differences in imaging dates. The requirement for ground reference data by the PBC approach was low because classificaion algorithms were mostly build according to the knowledge on crop calendars and agricultural practices. Techniques including image segmentation, data fusion with MODIS imagery, and decision tree were incorporated to make the approach effective and efficient. Though moderate accuracy (~ 65.0 percent) was achieved, ETC calculated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 56 method showed that the estimate of water use was not likely to be significantly affected by the classification error in PBC. All these advantages imply the strength of the PBC approach in the regular crop mapping of the Central Valley.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57381
Title: Objects-based image analysis for mapping natura 2000 habitats to improve forest management
Author: Ana Hernando, Lara A Arroyo, Javier Velazquez, Rosario Tejera
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA), QuickBird, Habitats Directive
Abstract: Natura 2000 is a European network of protected areas established under the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). According to the Habitats Directive, habitat maps must be periodically updated which requires the develoopment of cost- and time-efficient mapping practices. In this study, we propose a methodology for habitat mapping using very high spatial resolution (QuickBird) images with Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA).We classified five segmentation levels: level 5 incorporated the prior knowledge of the study area into the analysis; level 4 and 1 were used to identify arable areas and land covers, respectively. The information contained in levels 1, 4 and 5 was then combined to classify plant species in level 2. Finally, habitats were classified in level 3 using level 2 class-related features. The habitat map obtained had an overall accuracy of 86.3 percent. Classificaion accuracies were higher for tree-and pasture-dominated habitats than for shrub-dominated habitats.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57380
Title: Bundle block adjustment of weakly connected aerial imagery
Author: Yongjun Zhang, Xiaodong Xiong, Xiang Shen, and Zheng Ji
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: position and orientation system (POS,
Abstract: In aerial photogrammetry of island and reef areas, traditional aerial triangulation cannot be performed because many images in the black are partially or even completely covered by water, and thus there are not enough tie points among adjacent images. To solve this problem, an effective algorithm of position and orientation system (POS) integrated bundle block adjustment is proposed. The exterior orientation parameters of each image are modeled as functions of corresponding POS observations and their estimated systematic errors. A POS integrated bundle adjustment model is designed with the purpose of effectively eliminating the systematic errors of inertial measurement unit observations. Experimental results of three sets of island aerial images show that the proposed approach can compensate for the systematic errors of POS observations effectively. The topographic mapping requirements of hilly terrain at 1:2 000 scale can be fulfilled, provided that at least one ground control point is used in the bundle adjustment.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57379
Title: Topographic corrections of satellite data for regional monitoring
Author: Saraj C Goslee
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: regional monitoring programs
Abstract: The increased availability of satellite imagery has made regional monitoring programs possible. To compare images taken at different times, variation in reflectance caused by the interaction of sun position and topography must be corrected. Previous studies of topographic correction methods have often used only single scenes taken under good conditions, and even then have found mixed effects. Six correction methods were tested on two Landsat scenes (TM and ETM+) in central Pennsylvania obtained at low, medium, and high solar elevations. The effects of the corrections on band reflectance values and two ratio-based vegetation indices were assessed. Lambertian methods should not be used for regional monitoring of vegetation: these corrections are not band-specific, and thus do not remove topographic effecs on vegetation indices. Instead, non-Lambertian methods such as the c-correction or Minnaert methods, particularly cover-based modifications of the latter, should be used. No methods provide effective correction under conditions of low or negative illumination, though such conditions are often found. An integrated approach including atmospheric corrections may after a way to reduce including atmospheric corrections may offer a way to reduce topographic effects even at low illumination.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57378
Title: Semi-automatic quality control of topographic data sets
Author: Petra Helmholz, Christian Becker, Uwe Breitkopf, Torsten Buschenfeld, Andreas Busch, Carola Braun, Dietmar Grunreich, Sonke Muller, Jorn Ostermann, Martin Pahl, Franz Rottensteiner, Karsten Vogt, Marcel Ziems, Christian Heipke
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: aerial images, high-resolution satellite imagery,low-resolution satellite imagery
Abstract: The usefulenss and acceptance of geo-information systems are mainly depends on the quality of the underlying geo-data. This paper describes a novel system for semi-automatic quality control of existing topographic geo-spatial data via automatic image analysis. The goal is to reduce the manual effort for quality control of a GIS database to a minimum. The core of the system is a semantic network in which different image analysis operators can be included. The image analysis operators are created for specific applications, i.e., the quality control of specific object classes which are most relevant. Images which can be used in the system are aerial images, high-resolution satellite imagery, and low-resolution satellite imagery. A prototype of the system has been in use for several years at public mapping organizations. From the experience gained during this time, we give a detailed report on the system performance and an evaluation of the results.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57377
Title: A variational gradient-based fusion method for visible and SWIR imagery
Author: Huifang Li, Liangpei Zhang, Huanfeng Shen, and Pingxiang Li
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery, Landsat ETM+ images
Abstract: This paper presents a new variational gradient - based fusion method for visible and short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery. The proposed method enables spatial enhancement and dehazing of visible imagery. Integrating gradients from SWIR imagery into visible imagery produces a single image with true color and sharp gradients. A constraint based on band correlation is included to improve the enhancement and implement dehazing. The band correlation is according to the quantitative relationship between the wavelength and the atmospheric effect caused by Rayleigh scattering. In this study, both clear and hazy Landsat ETM+ images are used in the experiments. By visual assessment, the gradient of the fused image is more salient than that of the original image, and the true color is well preserved. With the inclusion of the band correlation constraint, the proposed fusion method yields almost haze-free results. Quantitatively, the Metric Q of the fused images is significantly higher than that of the original images; the largest increased of the Metric Q in the experimental results is from 0.0114 to 0.0611. Moreover, for the results of the proposed method, the Metric Q increase in the visible bands declines from blue band to red band.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57376
Title: Integration of remote sensing and GIS for evaluating soil erosion risk in Northwestern Zhejiang, China
Author: Jiangin Huang, Dengsheng Lu, Jin Li, Jiasen Wu, Shiquan Chen, Weiming Zhao, Hongli Ge, Xingzhao Huang, and Xiaojie Yan
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), digital elevation model (DEM), Thematic Mapper (TM)
Abstract: Estimation of soil loss using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has long been an active research topic, but its application in a large area is a challenge due to data availability and quality. In this study, the RUSLE model was used to evaluate soil erosion risk based on soil samples, a soil type map, digital elevation model (DEM) data, and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify major factors influencing soil erosion risks. A regression model based on DEM-derived slope gradient and TM-derived fractional soil and vegetation images was developed to map soil erosion risk distribution in a forest ecosystem in Zhejiang, China. The developed method has the potential to quickly examine spatial distribution of soil erosion risks. This study provides a new insight for evaluating soil erosion risks in forest ecosystems with the integration of remote sensing and GIS.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57375
Title: Evaluating the benefits of octree-basesd indexing for Lidar data
Author: Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa, Bianca Schon, Michela Bertolotto, and Debra F Laefer
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Light Detection and Ranging (lidar), Spatial Information Systems
Abstract: Very large three-dimensional (3D) point datasets are increasingly common, such as farm Light Detection and Ranging (lidar). Increasingly, there are attempts to exploit these 3D point data sets beyond mere visualization. However, current Spatial Information Systems provide only limited 3D support. Even commercial systems advertising in-built, 3D data types provide only minimal functionally. Specifically, there is no effective means of indexing large 3D point datasets, which is crucial for efficient analysis and engineering use. Also, many datasets are information rihc (e.g. contain color or some other associated semantic information), which has yet to be fully exploited. This paper presents the implementation in a commercial spatial database of a spatial indexing technique using an octree data structure and highlights its advantages for sparse, as well as uniformly distributed, aerial lidar data. The implementation outperforms an existing r-tree index within the software, and offers additional functionality of attribute-based 3D grouping.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57374
Title: Diversity of plankton attached to macrophytes from weed infested lake: A case study
Author: Vidya Pradhan and B H Gaikwad
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Zooplankton, physico-chemical parameter, pistia species, Kutlaq lake, fresh water species
Abstract: The present paper deals with relation between zooplankton and physico-chemical parameters. The physico-chemical parameters investigated were temperatur, pH, TDS conductance, DO, COD, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, carbon dioxide and hardness. The study also shows the significance of the Pistia species of the lake with phytoplankton blooms have been shown to influence the water quality. Zooplankton have also been the focus of several ecological and physiological studies. For the present work Kutlaq lke, focus of several ecological and physiological studies. For the present work Kutlaq lake, situated between Daulatabad and Khuldabad was selected. Total 15 genera of phytoplankton were found to be attached to Lemna species and Pista species, chlorella Spp.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57373
Title: Groundwater quality assessment in a part of Vaniyar rive basin, Tamil Nadu
Author: G Jagadeshan and L Elango
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Ground water
Abstract: Groundwater is a major source of domestic, agricultural and industrial activities. The present study was carried out with the objective identifying the suitability of groundwater for domestic and agricultural puposes in Vaniyar river basin in Tamil Nadu. Groundwater quality was determined by collection and analysis of 36 groundwater samples were collected from both dug well and bore well in the study area. The pH, electrical conductivity, temperature and salinity of the watre samples were measured by using a multi parameter instrument. The collected samples were analyzed using an ion chromatograph for Li, Ca, Mg, Na, K , Cl, F, NO3, NO2 and SO4. Piper trilinear diagram is used to find out the hydrogeochemical types of groundwater. Most of the samples fall in the CaMgCl zone and some grou;ndwater samples are also fall in the field of CaCl and CaHCO3. Most of the groundwater samples of the Vaniyar river basin fall in the water- rock interaction field and few samples plotted on evaporation zone. Most of sample comes under hard to very hard (>300 mg/L) and they are not suitable for drinking purpose. Based on sodium percentage most of the samples are in good to permissible and doubtful to unsuitable condition catergory for the purpose of irrigational use.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57372
Title: Diurnal variation in water quality of Kundawada lake, in Davangere district, Karnataka
Author: H B Arvinda, S Thirumala, S Suresh, E T Puttaiah, H Manjunatha and B Suresh
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Kundawada lake, water quality, Davangere
Abstract: The present study was carried out for diurnal variations of water quality parameter in Kundawada lake of Davangere district for 24 hr at 3 hr interval commencing from 6.00A.M of 6th January 2010 to 6.00 AM 7th January 2010. Large fluctuations were noted in dissolved oxygen during day time (12.5 ppm) and oxygen was depleted during night (3.4 ppm). The pH was increased at day time and decreased at night time. However, phytoplankton did not show any apparent diurnal variation except microcystis species. Among zooplankton, Daphnia and Cyclops showed diurnal variation but other zooplankton species did not show any diurnal movement.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57371
Title: Farm tank (Bodi) water quality in Mendha (Lekha) village, Gadchiroli district, Maharashtra
Author: M G Thakare, A B Ingle and R K Kamble
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Bodi, Irrigation, water quality, farm tank, Mendha lekha, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra
Abstract: Farm tank (bodi) constitutes a small water reservoir constructed by using available natural materials to store rainwater for irrigation purposes during post monsoon season. It receives water from rainfall and runoff from the surrounding catchment area during monsoon period and this serves for irrigation purposes of paddy fields. An investigation was carried out to ascertain the suitability of farm tank water quality for paddy fields from the study area by estimating various physico-chemical parameters of one farm tank for the post monsoon season in 2005 and 2006. Results show that sodium, total alkalinity, chlorides were found as the constituents affecting irrigation water quality. It can be concluded that farm tank water was best suited to use for irrigation purposes during post monsoon season for paddy fields. This is the first study for the farm tank water quality assessment for irrigation purposes for paddy fields from the study area.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57370
Title: A study on the distribution of iron content in the potable water of Eloor, an industrial region in the Ernakulam district of Kerala
Author: A G Umadevi, Dhanya Balakrishnan, Jose P Abraham, M Rajagopalan, M George, P Dharmalingam, Sujata Radhakrishnan and M Harikumar
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Ground water, Iron, Eloor, WHO
Abstract: The present study aimed at determining seasonal variation of iron concentration in the ground water and surface water at Eloor, an industrial belt in the Ernakulam district of Kerala. A total of 80 water samples were collected during pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon period from various locations of the study area during the year 2010. Iron concentrations wree determined by ultra violet spectrophotometric screening method. Slightly higher iron concentration was observed in the samples collected near to industrial region. From the results it is seen that 23% and 13% of the ground water samples analysed during pre monsoon and monsoon seasons, respectively exceed teh amximum permissible limit prescribed by WHO. About 13% the surface water samples collected during pre monsoon and 10% of the samples collected during the monsoon period exceed the maximum permissible limit prescribed by WHO. Both the ground water and surface water samples analysed during the post monsoon period lies within the maximum permissible limit prescribed by WHO.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57369
Title: Environmental concerns of sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalinated product water
Author: P Ravindran and K Kumar
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants, permeate product water, corrosion kinetics, concrete deterioration, total dissolved solids, chloride, hardness, mitigation
Abstract: Excessive pumping of groundwater causing saline intrusion in coastal line. Constantly growing population mandates seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants in coastal cities of India. Product water is characteristically low in mineral content, alkalinity and pH and, therefore, needs to be conditioned (post-treated). Due to chemica reactions of the permeate water, concrete deterioration and corrosion of reinforcement occurs in reinforced concrete storage structures. Environmental concerns related to corrosion kinetics with premeate product water issues studied from the experience gained frm a SWRO desalination plant in coastal line of Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu. Chemical characteristics of the permeate product water were observed from April 2009 to March 2010. Results indicated that values of total dissolved solids, chloride and hardness were exceeding the standars of permeate product water. Necessary steps should be taken to mitigate the corrosion issues in reinforced concrete storage structures of the product water.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57368
Title: Performance evaluation of household water treatment and safe storage methods practiced in Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu
Author: C Mohamed Farook, T R Neelakantan and P Mariappan
Editor: Prof D S Bhargava
Year: 2012
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation, Vol 32, No 9, September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection
Keywords: Boiling water, multistage membrane filters, RO filter
Abstract: Household water treatment (HWT) provides a means of improving water quality and preventing disease for people sans reliable access to safe drinking water. HWTS is in practice in the rural and urban areas of Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu. Boiling process is dominant in the rural and advanced multistage membrane filters are most common in the urban area. Table top multistage membrane with RO filter, which accommodates storage, tap and spigot arrangements, is capable of managing both chemical and bacteriological impurities.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None