ID: 57457
Title: Assessment of ambient air quality in urban environments of Hyderabad, India
Author: Anusha C Pawar, S Jithender Kumar Naik and S Anitha Kumari
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Ambient air quality, Hyderabad, Automobiles, NAAQS standards
Abstract: Environmental pollution is an ever-increasing problem in the industrialized and highly populated areas of the world. Recently the intensity and magnitude of air pollutant concentration has grown up rapidly in the troposphere. Hyderabad, capital of Andhra Pradesh, is a centre of southern part of India for both industrial and commercial activity. It is one of the most populous urban areas with approximately 6.8 million ihabitants and over 73,000 small, medium and major industrial establishments sharing the greater city. The air pollution is primarily associated with automobiles and industrial sources of which motor vehicles are of major concern. The available information on the levels of ambient gaseous pollutants in tropical areas particularly Asian countries were meagre and keeping in the view of health effects and economic burden associated with the elevated levels of air pollutants, the present study was undertaken with an objective to assess the ambient air quality of Hyderabad which is undergoing rapidly urban adn industrial development. For this study, the air samples were drawn at the height of 1.5-3.0 m from the ground level in order to monitor the PM, SPM, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur concentrations to ascertain the relationship between gaseous air pollutants and meterological parameters. The overall result reveals that the air quality of environment is deteriorating rapidly due to gaseous pollutants. This study lead us to conclude that multiple approach is needed to combat the air pollution by vehicles via public awareness campaigns, media intervention packages, effective government action plans and programmes and judicious distribution of quality oriented fuels.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57456
Title: Studies on the effect of effluent from a rubber latex centrifuging industry on protein content in Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. and Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
Author: Anice Kurian M
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Vigna unguiculata, Abelmoschus esculentus, Rubber latex factory effleunt, irrigation
Abstract: The present study was carried ouit to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the treated centrifugal rubber latex factory effluent on protein content in Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. and Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. The increasing demand of irrigation water leads to research exploring the viable alternatives. The present study also aimed in this direction. The physico-chemical analysis of the effluent indicated its acidic nature as well as presence of appreciable amount of dissolved solids, suspended solids, ammonical nitrogen, total nitrogen, sulphate and potassium together with high BOD and COD. Different dilutions of the effluent such as 25, 50, 75% and diluted effluent were used for treatment. The results indicated that there is a marked difference in the response of these two genotypes to effluent treatment. Abelmoschus esculentus is tolerant and the treatment showed a favourable result with respect to protein, as evidenced by a high amount of protein treated population. In Vigna unguiculata the protein content showed reduction in all the treated population. The study recommended that after proper dilution the effluent can be used as an effective source of irrigation water.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57455
Title: Impact of one time application of distillery spent wash on the groundwater quality
Author: K Suganya, G Rajannan and K Valliappan
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Distillery spent wash, Irrigation doses, leachate, groundwater quality
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted with different irrigation doses of distillery spent wash along with inorganic N and P fertilizer without K using maize variety COH (M)-5 as test crop and groundnut as residual crop. In order to assess the quality of groundwater due to distillery spent wash application, piezometers of 1 m depth were installed in five treatments viz., 25, 50, 75, 100 kL/ha and in the control. Piezometer water samples were collected at regular intervals and analysed for various water quality parameters. The leachate study with piezometer of 1 m depth indicated that the pH, EC, cations, anions, BOD, TDS, SAR and RSC of the leachate were slightly increased in distillery spent wash applied treatments, compared to control. However, in the leachate collected after fourth and fifth leachings, the levels of cations, anions, BOD, TDS, SAR and RSC were decreased.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57454
Title: Microbial growth and arsenic tolerance ability as influenced by inherent arsenic loading in polluted soils of West Bengal
Author: T Biswas and S C Kole
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Arsenic, tolerance limit, microorganisms, polluted soil
Abstract: The effect of inherent aresenic loading on microbial growth in polluted soils of Haringhata block in the district of Nadia, West Benga as well as the arsenic tolerant ability of the composite cultures of the said soils in different concentrations of arsenate (Asv) adn arsenite (Asill) at different hours of incubation were studied. Total arsenic loading in the affected soils ranged from 4.70 to 16.56 mg/kg and to that of Olsen extractable arsenic (available arsenic) from 0.74 to 2.98 mg/kg. Total and available arsenic loading adversely affected the bacterial and cyanobacterial population, but not the fungi and actinomycetes. Significant negative correlations were obtained between total soil arsenic and bacterial population ( r = -0.798** in CFU and -0.800** in MPN method), available arsenic and bacterial population (r= -0.870** in CFU and -0.783** in MPN), total soil arsenic and cyanobacterial population (r = -0.853**) as well as available arsenic and cyanobacterial population (r = -0.857**). Aslll was more toxic than Asv, the growth of the composite cultures appeared up to 20,000 mg/L in Asv enriched broth and up to 500 mg/L in Aslll enriched broth in some of the soils after 168 hours of incubation. On an average, with increase in incubation period, arsenic tolerance ability increased and microbial growth appeared at the higher levels of As concentration. Microbial growth appeared at higher concentration of Asv and Aslll with those soils having comparatively higher inherent As loading.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57453
Title: Heavy metal accumulation in plankton of Halali reservoir - A biomonitoring approach
Author: Neetu Malik, A K Biswas and C B Raju
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Heavy metals, bioaccumulation, Halali reservoir
Abstract: Halali reservoir is a freshwater resource of Madhya Pradesh. It receives untreated domestic sewage and municipal wastes and also agricultural runoff from the surrounding areas. Different heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb) were measured in Halali reservoir during 2007-08 by using ICP-OES. Heavy metal contents were found significantly different among the sites and varied in the seasons. All the metals were higher at station H1 and confirm this site as a major source of pollution in the reservoir. Heavy metal content in plankton followed the order. Fe>Mn>Pb>Ni in all the seasons. Pb showed the highest bioaccumulation with high BAF values, although it was within the permitted level in erservoir ' s water. In this communication the concentration of metals in plankton can affect the associated fauna of the water body, and finally the impact can be seen on human health by the process of biomagnification.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57452
Title: Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Mimosa pudica L. and Mimosa invisa L. against selected microbes
Author: G Chitra, K A Athira and C T Anitha
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Pathogenic bacteria, Mimisal pudica, mimosa invisa
Abstract: The antibacterial activity of Mimosa pudica and Mimosa invisa were evaluated. The extract of these plants was obtained by using methanol and water as solvents. Antibacterial activity was screened by using agar well diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas fluorescens. M. pudica and M invisa showed highest antibacterial activity against K. pneumonia and B subtilis respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed that M pudica and M invisa, in general, contain active constituents like alkaloids, tannins, flavanoids, steroids, phenols, glycosides, terpenoids, anthraquinones, etc. having a definite specificity.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57451
Title: Principal component analysis: Deeper aquifer groundwater quality of Bhaskar Rao kunta watershed, Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Author: K Srinivasa Reddy and M Sudheer Kumar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bhaskar Rao Kunta watershed, Groundwater quality, Principal component analysis, Hydrogeochemical process
Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) is an appropriate tool for water quality evaluation and management. In the study area, PCA was used for multivariate factor analysis of hydrogeochemical variables of pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+,K+,HCO3-, SO42-,Cl-,NO3-, F-, TH and TDS . Influence on chemical composition of groundwater quality and statistically characterize (Eigen value >1 and % of variance) two factors were extracted as well as identified, principal component - I and II. The principal component - I accounts for 36.62 and 39.80% of variance and principal component -II accounts for 17-84 and 18.10% of variance in pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively. Graphical presentation of the principal component - I and II showed loading relationship between the variables EC, TDS and Ca2+ as high positive realtion; and variables between TH, Mg2+, NO3- and F- as low positive relation in the pre-monsoon season. Principal component - I and II showed loading relationship variables between pH, as high positive relation; and variables between HCO3- and SO42- as high positive relation in post monsoon seasons respectively. These two principal components results were predicted for hydrochemical process of rock water interaction, process of degradation products of the ions, process of alkalinity and process of anthropogenesis activity. It was concluded that hydrochemical process is controlled by geogenic and on-geogenic factors.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57450
Title: Study on habitat ecology and phytoplankton diversity of Nagathibelagalu tank in industrial town Bhandravathi, Karnataka, India
Author: H A Sayeswara, T Vasantha Naik, H S Ravikumar Patil and Mahesh Anand Goudar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Habitat ecology, Nagathibelagalu tank, phytoplankton diversity, eutrophication
Abstract: Physico-chemical characteristics and phytoplankton diversity of Nagathibelagalu tank of Bhadravathi town was studied for a period of twelve months from January to December 2008. The estimated water quality parameters were compared with the standard values prescribed by the Bureau of India Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). The results of physico-chemcial analysis revealed that water is polluted due to high BOD, free CO2, phosphate and nitrate. A total of 44 species belonging to 29 genera of phytoplankton were recorded, of which Chlorophyceae and diatoms were found to be dominant among four classes. pollution tolerant species such as Scenedesmus sp., Coelastrum sp, Euglena sp, Trachelomonas sp and Microcystis aeruginosa were observed.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57449
Title: Applicability studies of reactor filled with coffee husk blended with wooden chips as a fixed bed for wastewater treatment
Author: A R Vinod and R M Mahalingegowda
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Fixed film reactor, wastewater treatment, coffee husk, wooden chips
Abstract: Recent interest in environment-friendly materials for the treatment of wastewater leads to the creation of new composites. Organic matter can be effectively removed by packed materials such as plastic honey comb structures, corrugated sheets, stones, etc. in attached growth process. The use of naturally available fibrous materials, which is cost effective and also have characteristics of high specific surface area can be used as a support media in fixed film reactor. Several natural fibrous biomass support mediums are available for use; some of these are coffee husk and wooden chips. The present investigation aims to study the applicability of coffee husk blended with wooden chips as a fixed bed, and also to study the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) from the municipal wastewater. Two phases of operation were conducted to study the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and organic loading rates (OLR). In this study the experiment was conducted for a continuous mode of operation. The bioreactors were continuously aerated and fed with institutional wastewater having an initial average COD of 669 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen of 2.9 mg/L, phosphate of 19.83 mg/L, and TSS of 3600 mg/L. The reactor filled with coffee husk blended with wooden chips showed nominal amount of COD removal fo 88-91%, ammonia nitrogen removal of 70-73% and phosphate removal of 91-94% under different reactor conditions.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57448
Title: Application of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor process for the treatment of dairy wastewater - A review
Author: C Elangovan and A S S Sekar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Anaerobic treatment, dairy wastewater, UASB reactor
Abstract: The up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatment of dairy wastewater is often reported to be an effective method of treatment. The objective of this paper is to summarize recent research efforts and case studies in up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for treating dairy effluents. The main characteristics of the dairy wastewater have been identified and the degradation mechanism of the primary constituents in dairy wastewaters, namely carbohydrates (mainly lactose), proteins and lipids has been described. Primary attention is focused on bench, pilot-scale up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatment of dairy wastewater effluents. Finally, areas where further research and attention are required have been identified.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57447
Title: Estimation of surface and groundwater pollution due to mining activity by geo-chemical methods and re-vegetation site selection using Remote sensing and GIS techniques in the parts of Sandur schist belt, South India
Author: R K Sunil Kumar, B V Suresh Kumar and S Manjunatha
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Sandur schist belt, water quality, mining activity, remote sensing and GIS, Re-vegetation
Abstract: Assesement of surface and groundwater quality has been carried out in the parts of the Sandur schist belt, Bellary district, Karnataka, South Inida. Sandur schist belt is well known for iron ore deposits. Rigorous and unplanned mining methods causes intensive natural hazards like water pollution, air pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, dust pollution, etc. Water quality of the study area has been studied for sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), sulphate (SO4), nitrate (NO3) and total hardness. Results show gradual decrease in groundwater quality and surface water pollution in and around the parts of Sandur Schist belt. Mapping of re-vegetation site selection at regional scales is essential for a wide range of applications including landslide, erosion, land planning,global warming, LU/LC alternations (especially on human activities), effect of climate, natural hazard and socio-economic dynamics in global and local scale. In this study, re-vegetation site selection has been carried out by using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) in Sandur schist belt in Bellary district. Identification potential sites for replantation within the mining pit is a complicated thing using change detection comparison (pixel by pixel).
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57446
Title: Quantification of lead fractions in contaminated soil pedons of Coimbatore industrial belts, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: T Sherene
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Contaminated soil, lead pollution, lead fractions, industrial belts
Abstract: The risk to the environment from contaminated soil can be assessed by simply considering the total amount of potentially toxic metals within the soil because these metals are not necessarily completely mobile or bio-available. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the fraction of toxic elements that is potentially mobile or bio-available. Total lead varied from traces to 250.0 ppm. The amounts of other lead fractions were 0-1.31, 0-4.81, 0-85.81, 0-89.31, 0-63.52 and 0-50.81 ppm for water soluble, exchangeable and adsorbed, organically bound, carbonate bound, Fe-Mn oxide and residual fraction respectively. Bio-available form of lead is very dangerous and mosly seen in roadside profiles of Ganapahy and Ukkadam areas.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57445
Title: Biodegradation of endosulfan by bacteria isolated from soil
Author: B S Anupama, N Nandini and S K Sarangi
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Endosulfan, Biodegradation, soil bacteria
Abstract: In the present study an attempt has been made to enrich and isolate bacterial species capable of degrading endosulfan isomers from different soil habitats. The two potent isolates showed about 51% endosulfan degradation during first eight days of incubation. However, the degradation reached between 63-82% after 16 days of incubation. Further, the degradation of the insecticide increased concomitantly with the growth of the bacteria at pH 8.0 and at 300C. The results suggest that these novel stains could be used as potent agents for biodegradation of endosulfan pesticides.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57444
Title: Bioremediation of caffeine-contaminated soil by immobilized yeast- A laboratory based study
Author: Lakshmi V and Nilanjana Das
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Caffeine contaminated soil, immobilization, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, yeast species
Abstract: The aim of this work was to ascertain the efficiency of immobilised yeast for the remediation of caffeine in soil under laboratory condition. Biostimulation with inorganic nutrients and bioaugmentation with caffeine utilizing single and mixed yeast cultuer viz., Mixed culture 1. mixed culture 2, Mixed culture 3 and Mixed culture 4 were employed as remedial options for the removal of caffeine from contaminated soil. To promote caffeine removal, biowaste materials (wheat bran, sawdust, peanut hull powder) were used as biocarriers for immobilization of caffeine degrading yeast species following the method of physical adsorption. We constructed laboratory biopiles to compare the treatment bioaugmentation with bioaugmentation combined biostimulation using single and mixed cultures of immobilized yeast. Maximum removal of caffeine was found to be 98.3% after 24 days in the biostimulated soil which was bioaugmented with sawdust immobilized yeast mixed culture No. 4 consisting of three yeast species viz. Trichosporon asahii, Candida tropicalis adn Candida inconspicua. Dehydrogenase activity in the soil was remarkably enhanced to 639 ?g TPF g-1 soil and microbial numbers were also increased for the soil treated under the same conditions described above. Phytotoxicity assay confirmed the reduction of caffeine toxicity in the contaminated soil after treatment. Thus, sawdust immobilized mixed yeast culture No. 4 could serve as potential tool for the remediation of caffeine from contaminated soil.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57443
Title: Studies on the efficiency of various plant extracts in encountering the toxic effect of mercury on Oreochromis mossambicus
Author: L P Rema and Mary Sabitha
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Plant extracts, mercury, toxic effect, Oreochromis mossambicus
Abstract: Lipid peroxidation and consequent formation of lipofuschin granules have got fundamental importance in heavy metal homeostasis. In other words lipid peroxidation in fish is an adaptation to internally detoxify and thereby safely assimilate the intruding metals. Though these are of fundamental importance in heavy metal homeostasis, they leave an unfavourable alteration in the physiology of lysomsomal lamina. These alterations are exclusively due to changes in the amount of lipid and protein which make up the lysosomal membrane. This alteration is beyond the permissible limit in fish exposed to mercury. The present paper is aimed to compare the efficiency of commercial fish feed and feeds prepared by incorporating garlic, gooseberry, curry leaves, ocimum and turmeric in remediating the enhanced lipid peroxidation consequent to exposure of fish to mercury. Variations in the level of total protein are also studied.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None