ID: 57472
Title: Reforestation programme at Ramdurga village, Koppal district, Karnataka
Author: Mayank Tripathi, Geeta Seshamani, Kartick Satyanarayana
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 8, 25 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57471
Title: Flare operations changes come from study findings
Author: Scott Shaver
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: VOC control, Flare operations, FTIR, Clean Air Act
Abstract: EPA announced that it had reached a settlement agreement with Marathon Petroleum Company (Marathon) regarding allegations of clean Air Act violations at Marathon ' s Texas City and Detroit refineries. EPA developed the evidence by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showing that several of Marathon ' s flares were not controlling VOC emissions sufficiently, resulting in excess emissions that had gone unreported. As a result, Marathon had to pay a hefty fine of $ 450,000 for Clean Air Act violations and to invest millions more to upgrade and improve flare operations at its refineries. The flares are not only used in refineries to control VOCs, but also in a variety of facilities including as an emergency safety measure. The capital cost to install a flare is relatively low as compared to other oxidation techniques. Moreover, the VOC control efficiency of a flare has always been assumed rather than having to be demonstrated, but now it has to be demonstrated. Howver, in view of EPA findings, the flare burning is going to be replaced by new solutions including systems that are specially designed for waste gas streams of varying volume and heat content.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57470
Title: Hydrographical studies on the Gulf of Aden around Aden city, Yemen
Author: Nabil A A, Al-Shwafi
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Hydrographical studies, Gulf of Aden, upwelling
Abstract: The hydrographical parameters, air and water temperature salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and total alkalinity of the coastal water around Aden city were determined. The air temperature ranged between 26.3 and 29.50 C with mean of 27.760C. Water temperature ranged from 27.10C to 29.50C with mean of 28.410C. The salinity showed not much variation among the sampling stations. Dissolved oxygen values ranged between 4.27 mg/L and 4.89 mg/L, and pH 7.80 and 8.03 at different stations. The total alkalinity values ranged from 2.234 mg/L to 2.351 mg/L with the mean value of 2.301 meq/L. The results obtained reflect the effect of the warm tropical zone of the Gulf of Aden irregular topography, local hydrographic conditions and result of upwelling current.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57469
Title: Exposure to vehicular pollution and its impact on traffic policmen in Tirunelveli city, India
Author: A Saravana Ganthi, M Padma Sorna Subramanian, and E Rajabudeen
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Vehicular pollution, Traffic policemen, noise, toxic pollution
Abstract: Automobiles are ' necessary evils ' . On one hand they have made living easy and convenient, but on the other hand they have also made human life more complicated and vulnerable to both toxic emissions and increased risk of accidents. Urban people are the most affected, and among the worst sufferers are traffic policemen who are particularly close to the automobile exhaust. Work pressure and high level of pollution are taking their toll on traffic policemen. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of traffic policemen towards the health effects caused by vehicular pollution, the present study has been carried out on 52 randomly selected traffic policemen in Tirunelveli Corporation area. The questionnaire included questions regarding the self-assessment of the policemen about their respiratory symptoms, hearing ability, past and present exposure to loud sound and the use of personal protective devices such as earplugs and earmuffs. The questionnaire was filled by the subjects. The mean age of policemen was 39.2+ 7.8 years, and the mean years of exposure was 3.4 + 1.1 years. The self-assessment of hearign by traffic policemen suggests that most of the traffic policemen have normal hearing. However, a systematic study with audiometry of these subjects is recommended. Respiratory symptoms, including cough and related health problems, were observed in 30 policemen. The results show a major prevalence of respiratory symptoms and allergic sensitization in exposed traffic police.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57468
Title: Cytological studies on the effect of a herbicide, oxadiargyl on root meristem cells of sunflower, Helianthus annuus. L
Author: Nethra Nanjunda Swamy and Shobha Jagannath
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Helianthus annuus. L, Oxadiargyl, chromosomal aberrations, mitotic index
Abstract: Oxadiargyl is widely used to control weeds in sugarcane, sunflower, rice, soya, onion and potatoes. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of oxadiargyl on somatic chromosome of Helianthus annuus L. The sunflower roots were treated with different concentrations of oxadiargyl (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 ppm). Cytological observations showed a decrease in the mitotic frequency in root meristematic cells with increase in concentrations of oxadiargyl. In addition oxadiargyl induced various types of chromosomal abnormalities namely degeneration of chromosomes, stickiness of chromosomes, anaphasic bridges and laggard chromosomes, a pronounced cytotoxic effect was observed in concentrations above 2.5 ppm. The present study clearly indicates the hazardous nature of the herbicide.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57467
Title: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of zooplankton from aquaculture ponds in and around Bhimavaram, West Godavari district
Author: Priyavada Devi, D Sirisha and N Gandhi
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Aquaculture ponds, zooplankton, Bhimavaram
Abstract: Andhra Pradesh is biggest and important state in India in production and consumption of fishes. Many agriculture lands are converted into aqua culture ponds. Taking that factor into consideration aquaculture ponds in Bhimavaram region are studied with respect zooplankton analysis. Pelagic zooplanktonic species are found in littoral zone. From this study it is observed that the density of rotifers was highest and copepods and cladocerans are low. The presence of phytoplankton groups like diatoms indicates that they have good primary production and they form the base line of food chain supporting higher tropic levels of zooplanktons.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57466
Title: Groundwater pollution in and around the coastal belt of Anchuthengu, South Kerala, India
Author: R B Binoj Kumar and Veen M Nair
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater pollution, Anchuthengu, coastal zone, faecal coliform bacteria
Abstract: Groundwater quality in coastal region is reaching an alarming stage owed to the overdraft and anthropogenic contamination. Area chosen for study is Anchuthengu, which forms part of a typical coastal belt in the north western part of Thiruvananthapuram distric, Kerala state. In order to identify the extent of pollution in the ground water, open well samples were collected, from the coastal zone fringing the Arabian sea and also from inland segment flanking Anchuthengu. Sampling and analysis were done in both pre and post-mosoon seasons. pH, EC, TDS, salinity, Na+, K+, total hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+,Cl-, NO32-, SO42-, PO43- and HCO3- were determined. The acquired values were compared with BIS standards to recognize its aptness for domestic use. Higher concentration of chemical parameters was observed in coastal areas relative to adjacent inland areas. Post-monsoon coastal samples reveal a higher concentration of NO3-, SO42-, and PO43- than pre monsoon samples, which can be attributed to anthropogenic sources. Microbiological analysis confirms the presence of faecal coliform bacterial in the water samples, making the water unhygienic for drinking and other domestic purposes.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57465
Title: Change detection studies using Remote Sensing and GIS for aquaculture growth in Buchireddipalem Mandal, SPSR Nellore distric, Andhra Pradesh
Author: M J Krishna, K Srinivasa Reddy and P V V Krishna
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Change detection studies, Buchireddipalem Mandal, Aquaculture growth, Remote sensing, GIS
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to monitor the growth of aquaculture over a decade during 2001 to 2011 in Buchireddipalem Mandal SPSR Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh. The land resources used for aquaculture development were mapped from medium to high resolution multi temporal satellite data (Land sat ETM+, P6 LISS III, IV and Quick Bird images) and analysed using GIS to monitor the percent growth of land converted from different land types to aquaculture. It was observed that Buchireddipalem Mandal had recorded the growth of aquaculture to an extent fo 25.74% in 2011 when compared to that of 6.4% in 2001, out of which 2004 account to major conversion of agricultural land to aquaculture to an extent of 25.02%, and thereafter the growth was very negligible due to various factors that include natural calamities like floods, outbreak of viral diseases, less market price at harvest time, brokerages, and poor infrastructure facilities such as cold storages and export agencies etc. Chellayapalem village stand first position with an extent of 62.31% in terms of land conversion from agriculture to aquaculture but when total land under aquaculture was considered with respective total village area, Kalayakogollu village stand first position with an area of 323.11 ha out of 392.46 ha.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57464
Title: Biosorption of lead (II) from aqueous solution by Agaricus bisporus
Author: Prem Kumar Gautam, Deveshwari Singh and Seema Bhadauria
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bioabsorption, Lead (II), Agaricus bisporus, Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm
Abstract: Bioremediation of pollutants containing heavy metals has been demonstrated by several biotechnologists and environmentalists. Studies have shown that fungal organisms possess the capacity of heavy metal removal. In the present investigation, a study in batch system was conducted using the fungus Agaricus bisporus as biosorbent for evaluating its potential to absorb lead (II) ions from aqueous solution. To improve the bioabsorption capacity, the biosorbent was pretreated with NaOH, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3. Pretreatment with NaOh resulted in a significant improvement in bioabsorption capacity. The experimental equilibrium data were adjusted by adsorption isotherms from Langmuir and Freundlich models and their equilibrium parameters were determined. For the untreated biosorbent, the Langmuir model supplied qmax = 28.8 mg/g and b=0.02L/mg for the Freundlich model parameters were Kf=1.7 and n=1.8. For the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated biomass, the parameters were qmax =34.6 mg/g, b= 0.08 L/mg, Kf = 5.3 and n =2.3. The best adjusted model to the experimental equilibrium data for both untreated and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated biosorbent was the Langmuir model.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57463
Title: Behavioural changes and acetylcholinesterase activity in Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) exposed to chlorpyrifos
Author: Archana Ashok Sharbidre and Priyanka Sopanrao Patode
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Poecilia reticulata, Chlorphyrifos, Sublethal exposure, AChE activity
Abstract: Chorpyrifos is a broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide and potential toxic pollutant in aquatic ecosystems. Guppies were exposed to one-seventh (0.025 ppm/L) and non-fourteenth (0.0125 ppm/L) of the 96 h LC50 as sublethal concentrations for sub acute studies. The fish were exposed to both the sublethal concentrations for 96 h and allowed to recover in toxicant free medium for seven days only after sublethal exposure. Behavioural responses were studied in the experimental periods. Fish in toxic media exhibited irregular, erratic and darting swimming movements, hyper excitability, loss of equilibrium and sinking to the bottom. Fish were found under stress, but mortality was insignificant in both the sublethal concentrations. The behavioural changes may be due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Inactivation of AChE activity results in excess accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) in cholinergic synapses leading to hyper stimulation and cessation of neuronal transmission (paralysis). Impaired behavioural responses were observed even under recovery periods. This may be consequence due to the inhibition of brain and muscular AChE activity by chlorpyrifos-oxon via biotransformation of bioaccumulated chlorpyrifos in the tissues.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57462
Title: Analysis of groundwater for cadmium contamination in some districts of Uttar Pradesh, India
Author: B Tabassum and Priya Bajaj
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Cadmium contmination, ground water, health hazards, district of Uttar Pradesh
Abstract: Cadmium is one of the most dangerous occupational and environmental toxin occuring commonly in drinking water, atmospheric air and even food. Occurrence of cadmium in groundwater is the chief source of exposure since drinking water is unavoidable. WHo has permitted a standard quantity of cadmium in water, below which it is safe to drink. Natural as well as anthropogenic activities as industries are the major source of groundwater cadmium contamination. Present study is designed with the aim to investigate the cadmium level of groundwater in some district of uttar Pradesh and compare it with WHO permissible limit, so that public attention about dreadness of cadmium toxicity could be drawn.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57461
Title: Evaluation of water quality of Padavagodu tank, Sagar taluk Karnataka, India
Author: C K Mookappa Naik and Hina Kousar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Padavagodu tank, water quality, pollutants, drinking water standards, fish culture
Abstract: The stagnant waters such as ponds or tanks and lakes are usually called lentic waters. The pollutants concentrate themselves differently in these zones based on prevailing physical and chemical conditions. These zones are usually inhabitated by specialized organisms adopted to environment. The large number of chemical compounds are brought to the waters by discharge of sewage, industrial wastewater and agriculture runoff, and several of them are poisonous to life in varied concentrations and may affect the fish culture. The present study deals with physico-chemical characteristics like temperature, pH, EC, TDS, Cl, TH, total alkalinity, acidity, turbidity, NO3, PO4, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, free CO2, calcium, magnesium, sulphates, dissolved organic matters in the Padavagodu tank water studied from December 2009 to November 2010. Data were collected from one sampling station to evaluate the water quality for human consumption and irrigation. The study revealed that physico-chemcial data were within WHO and BIS standards. Hence, it was concluded that water is suitable for drinking, irrigation and fisheries.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57460
Title: Paddy husk and pressmud as renewable and ecofriendly bioinoculant carriers
Author: Aparna B Gunjal, balasaheb P Kapadnis and Namdeo J Pawar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bioinoculant carriers, Agroindustry by-products, burkholderia gladioli, Bacillus circulans
Abstract: The lignite and peat are the traditional carriers used in biofertiliser industry. They are non-renewable, costly non ecofriendly and their reservoirs limited in India. Therefore, the present work was undertaken to check and evaluate whether the agroindustry by-products viz., peanut shell, corn cob, sawdust, paddy husk, and pressmud can be used as carriers alternative to the traditional ones. Evaluation of the carriers was done by studying the survival of Burkholderia gladioli and Bacillus circulans at 28, 37 and 450C respectively for a period of three months on a weekly basis by the viable plat count method. Physico-chemical characteristics of the agroindustry by-products showed that pressmud and paddy husk have pH 6.62 and 6.66, ash content 0.23 and 0.32% (w/w), potassium content 0.034 and 0.037% (w/w) respectively. The water-holding capacity was high in the agroindustry by-products corn cob, sawdust, peanut shell and pressmud, which was 87.09, 60.27, 70.30, 52.98% (w/w) respectively. Pressmud and paddy husk both wee found to be very rich in the macro and microelements such as CaO, MnO, V, Cu, Rb, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, I, Ba, Hf, Hg, Ti, Th, Co, Rb, Ag, Hg, Bi and Th in comparison to Lignite. The viable count at 280C of Burkholderia gladioli was highest in pressmud which was 2.347 x 105 cfu/g and in case of Bacillus circulans. It was highest in paddy husk which was 2.381 x 105 cfu/g. The viable count of Burkholderia gladioli and Bacillus circulans was also better at 370C and 450 C in the agroindustry by-products in comparison to Lignite. Thus, pressmud and paddy husk were found to be as alternate carriers to lignite, which will be cheaper, renewable, ecofriendly, more easily available and use of them is a clean technology. Since these are the by-products of the agroindustry, their use as carrier will give a value-added product and also protect the bacterial cell from desiccation.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57459
Title: Depth-wise distribution of important chemical properties, heavy metals and fractionation of chromium in soils receiving mixed effluent water
Author: J K Parmar adn K P Patel
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Contaminated soils, soil properties, heavy metals, profile distribution
Abstract: A survey was carried out to assess the changes in important soil chemical properties at different depths in soil and fractionation of chromium in soils irrigated with mix industrial effluent waters flowing in Khari channel around area of Nawagam-Vatava region of Gujarat, India. The soils of contaminated area were slightly neutral to alkaline whereas uncontaminated soils showed pH more towards sodicity. The distribution of neutral to alkaline whereas uncontaminated soils showed pH more towards sodicity. The distribution of available P, K and S nutrients in both the soil profiles indicated their build up in surface soil. The accumulation of DTPA-Fe, Mn and Zn were more in contaminated soil, while DTPA -Cu was higher in uncontaminated soil. Further, the soils of contaminated area were more contaminated with heavy metals than uncontaminated soils. The surface soul was more contaminated with Pb, Cd and Cr, while Ni and Co were accumulated more in lower depth. The Cd and Cr showed evenly distribution in uncontaminated soil profile whereas DTPA-Ni, and Co content was comparatively higher in lower depth of the profile. Among different fractions of Cr viz., exchangeable, carbonate, Fe-Mn oxides, organic and residual fraction occupied major portion of the total Cr. However, the content of residual fraction of Cr was in contaminated than uncontaminated soil. The exchangeable -Cr fraction was found to be the least in both the soils.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57458
Title: Effect of different percentages of waste high density polyethylene (HDPE) fibres on the properteis of fibre reinforced concrete
Author: B I Khadak Bhavi, V Venkateshwar Reddy, and P B Ullagaddi
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technosciences Publications, Vol 11, No (3), September 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: HDPE fibres, fiber reinforced concrete, strength characteristics
Abstract: Most of HDPE fibre become waste after their usage, causing enviornmental problems. To address this issue, a method to recycle waste High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) fibre is presented to investigate the possibility of using various plastic wastes containing HDPE fibre as polymer additives to concrete. The experimental investigation is carried out to verify the effect of different percentages of waste HDPE fibres on the workability and strength characteristics of fiber reinforced concrete. Appropriate tests were performed to measure different strength characteristics like compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength on different percentages of waste HDPE fibres like 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1%. The results show that how compressive strength increases up to certain percentage and decreases as fiber volume fraction is increased.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None