ID: 57892
Title: Biodiversity and health
Author: V Mary Kensa
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biodiversity, climate change, health
Abstract: This paper discusses how biodiversity is linked with human health in various ways.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57891
Title: Morpho-physiological characgteristics of Botryococcus braunii (Kutzing, 1849) & its oil production from the species isolated from Thane, Maharashtra, India
Author: Ganesh Iyer, Seema Menon, Yash Gupte, Samruddha Phadnis and Yogesh Pawar
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Botryococcus braunii (Kutzing, 1849), Coorongites, chlorophylls, gene Switch on-off, incertae sedis
Abstract: Botryococcus braunii (Kutzing, 1849) is an alga that has been placed in the order incertae sedis. It has ovoid cells which are arranged in a tetrad manner in the centre of the colonies and these cells expand outwards and are converted into conical cells which form the boundaries of the colonies on maturation. The morphology of Botryococcus braunii (Kutzing, 1849) was studied uinsg the LaboMed Lx 300 trinocular microscope; at certain light intensity the alga liberates oils in the form of droplets. When the Botryococcus braunii (Kutzing, 1849) was treated with saline, the algae changes its colour to orange. This orange colour is due to polymer formation which is called as Coorongites. Oil production in Botryococcus braunii (Kutzing, 1849) appears to be related to the breakdown of chlorophyll as the colony changes its colour from green to yellow. However this polymer formation is dependent on the amount of chlorophyll present in the entire colony. This could probably be a genetically controlled process with the switch on and off of gene function which may occur with variations in light intensity.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57890
Title: Indoor air mycoflora
Author: I Shoba Rani, Anna Zipporah and M Dorcas
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Allelochemicals, Acacia auriculaeformis, photosynthetic apparatus, rice, seedling growth
Abstract: About 25 fungal organisms were identified from paper and surface of wooden table which were soaked in incessant rain water inside the lab. The fungal organisms formed beautiful eye-catching colonies of different colours. Various species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium and some interesting Hyphomycetes like Dictyoarthrenium and Dictyosporium were identified. They were isolated and maintained on PDA for examination and for further studies. The spores of these colonies in the air may be responsible for the bronchial problems and allergies of the skin and various health hazards. The organisms were found to be growing in a small area of 50 x 25 cms on wood and 30 x 20 cms on paper.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57889
Title: Allelopathic impact of phyllode of Acacia auriculaeformis A Cunn. on photosynthetic apparatus of rice leaves during seedling growth
Author: N Dash, I Rath, S P Adhikary, S K Padhy and S Panda
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Allelochemicals, Acacia auriculaeformis, Photosynthetic apparatus, rice, seedling growth
Abstract: Allelochemicals are the secondarly metabolites of one plant that influence the growth and development of neighbouring plants and microbes. Generally these allelochemicals are phenolics, organic acids, steroids, alkaloids etc. which enter into the environment by various means such as leaching, volatilization, root exudation etc. Acacia auriculaeformis. A . Cunn a member of family Mimoceae are generally planted in and around the crop fields whose phyllodes directly and /or indirectly control the growth and development of crops. Laboratory experiments were carried out to find out the impact of aqueous leachate of Acacia auriculaeformis phyllode on structure and functionof chloroplasts of two rice cultivars (Pratikhya and Khandagiri) during their seedling growth. It was noticed that all concentrations of aqueous leachate of phyllodes (2,4,6,8 and 10%) drastically checked the synthesis of chlorophyll pigments ( a, b and total), carotenoids and protein in chloroplasts and structural disorganization of photosynthetic assembly as evidenced from absorption characteristics of teh organelle. The detrimental effect of allelochemicals has been attributed to their ability to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are well known for causing degradation of different biomacromolecules.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57888
Title: Occurrence of endophytic bacteria in algae
Author: Ganesh Iyer, Seema Menon, Yogesh Pawar, Samruddha Phadnis and Yash Gupte
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Endophytic bacteria in algae
Abstract: Presence of endophytic bacteria and fungus in plants has already been demonstrated in many research papers. Endophytic bacteria with many symbiotic associations are identified. Algae are considered to be one of the most primitive genera among the autotrophic organisms. Very few examples of endophytic bacteria in algae have been reported. In the current study occurrence of endophytes in Spirogyra Link and Oedogonium has been seen.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57887
Title: Bioaccumulation and phytotoxicity of copper in Ludwigla perennis L. in urban-Industrial environment
Author: Sushma Jangid and S K Shringi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ludwigia perennis L, copper, biomonitoring
Abstract: Studies of physico-chemical parameters and metal concentrations in water and sediments of Alaniya river system near Kota at two different sites were carried out to assess the toxicity of copper. Metal accumulations in Ludwigia perennis L. growing at the contaminated sites were observed. The accumulationof copper was reported higher in root tissues compared to shoots in Ludwigia perennis L growing at Devil arab site and Borkhandi site of Alaniya river. For examining toxicity, testing of the plants species was carried out to laboratory by treating with different concentrations of copper. It was observed that lower concentrations of copper had stimulatory effect on photosynthetic pigments, whereas higher concentrations had inhibitory effects. The phenolic contents increased with increasing concentration of copper. It was observed from the present study that Ludwigia perennis L is tolerant to the elevated copper concentrations. Therefore, L. perennis L may be used as bioassay for biomonitoring of copper pollution in the environment.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57886
Title: Pollution control by investigating effluent of soft drink industry under aerobic biological conditions
Author: Ahmad Ashfaq, Anshul Mittal and R K Pathak
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Brewery effluent, performance evaluation, pollution, management
Abstract: The monitoring and performance evaluation studies were carried out for an effluent treatment plant of a beverage/soft drink industry located in western U P to verify the environmental effects. The influent and effluent samples were collected at regular intervals and were analyzed for the determination of the physical, chemical, organic and biological pollution. The plant is quite efficient in treating the wastewater of the distillery plant obtaining an average reduction of 90.2% in BOD, 90.6% in COD, 11.1% in TDS, 84.6% in TSS, 83.3% in O and G respectively. The generated data presented the evidence that the plant is working with the norms specified by the pollution control board.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57885
Title: Growth response of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in different media in the presence of an algaecide ' Water health ' (M119)
Author: Rajasri Yadavalli and S S Vutukuru
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Water health, algaecide, growth responses
Abstract: Application of algicides to control algal blooms is a regular practice but often their ecological effects are ignored in view of the larger interests of water quality. The use of copper sulfate destroys the beneficial bacteria that would naturally break down nutrients and , as an herbicide, kills plant life that would absorb them. ' Water Health ' is currently employed as an eco friendly alternative to conventional algicides against algal blooms. The product is a proprietary blend of extracts from several kinds of minerals and plants specifically formulated to consume organic waste. In the present study, the growth responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were studied in three different media in the presence of algicide at 0.01% and 0.05% concentrations. Maximum decrease in the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was observed in BBM medium followed by CM and MBM in both 0.01% and 0.05% concentrations suggesting that the algicide is toxic to the green alga irrespective of the nutrient type and concentrations.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57884
Title: Standarisation of batter used for preparation of Pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) cutlet
Author: A U Pagarkar, N B Rathod, T E Baug, P P Pawar and A S Desai
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Fish cutlet, pangasius, batter and breaded products, coated product, value added product
Abstract: The development of value added freshwater fishery products is an exciting and satisfying task for the fishery industry. Modern consumers prefer processed foods that are more convenient to handle, store and prepare. Coating acts as a moisture barrier, minimizing moisture losses during frozen storage and microwave re-heating and retains the natural jucies of foods, thereby ensuring a final product that is tender and juicy on the inside and at the same time crispy on the outside. Battered and breaded value added fish products hava a good market potential in domestic as well as international market, modern day consumer is health conscious and require less fat uptake for good health as well as shelf life of cutlet is concerned. Five different types of batters were tried on the standardised recipe and evaluated on the basis of sensory and proximate parameters to select the best batter with high moisture retenion and lower fat absorption, the batter (A) containing carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) along with sodium tri polyphosphate (STPP) was batter in terms of moisture retention, oil uptake and sensory score as compared to batter (B) (corn flour), (C) (eggs) and other batters mix (D) and (E).
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57883
Title: The effect of carbon sources on starch digesting amylase from Aspergillus tamari
Author: C O Onu, L O Eneje, V Aniaku and C D Nwani
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cassava starch, maize starch, soluble starch, glucose, sucrose, Aspergillus tamari
Abstract: The effect of carbon sources on the production of raw starch digesting amylase was studied. Different starches from cassava, maize, sorghum, soluble starch, glucose and sucrose were used. The cassava starch was prepared by peeling, pulping, and sieving and later dried in the sun. The grain starches were prepared by milling the grains to powder and later sieved with muslin cloth before being dried. One milliliter (1mL) of a 1% solution of these starches was used. A basal medium made up to MgSO4. 7H2O, NaCl, KH2PO4 and yeast extract all 0.1% in 100 mL of de-ionized water was prepared, mixed and autoclaved at 1210C for 10 mins but 1100C for the glucose. The prepared organism Aspergillus tamari was inoculated in each of the carbon sources. Shake flask fermentation lasting four days was carried out at 300C with the choice carbon source incorporated into the basal medium to allow for the growth of the test organism, Aspergillus tamari. The pH and enzyme activity were then determined. From the results obtained the soluble starch was recorded the best carbon source at 0.625 ?ml amylase activity at pH of 6.25 and at 2% concentration. Thus, soluble starch supports most among many carbon sources studied for the growth of Aspergillus tamari in producing starch digesting amylase for industrial applications.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57882
Title: Toxicity of novaluron (mosquiron?100EC) compared to Annona muricata seed oil extract against the larvae of Aedes aegypti
Author: E N Nwankwo, R I Egwuatu, N J Okonkwo and N A Ozumba, S C Ewuim, K K Okolo and C E Akunne
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Novaluron, Annona muricata, Aedes aegypti, toxicity, Nigeria
Abstract: Toxicity of Novaluron (Mosquiron 100EC), a new chitin synthesis inhibitor type of insect growth regulator and Annona muricata Seed Oil (AMSO), was evaluated in the laboratory against larvae of the Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) at six concentrations of the technical materials ranging from 6.25-200 ?g/ml; including control. The bioassays were carried out in the laboratory at temperature of 27+ 20C and 82+ 5% relative humidity. Four replicates of each concentration of the respective toxicants in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) were challenged with 20 active larvae of a given instar. Mortality resulting from eclosion inhibition was monitored at 3-hourly intervals for a period of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours post-treatment. Data were analysed using log-probit regression and analysis of variance. Results showed that dosage-related mortality responses were noted at the different time interval, and these were significant (P<0.05) for both instars. Results indicated 90 and 95% mortality of 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Ae. aegypti respectively at the highest concentration (200 ?g/ml) of Novaluron while sublethal dosage (6.25 ?g/mL) resulted in 50% and 45% mortality of 2nd and 4th instars respectively. Exposure to Annona muricata seed oil resulted in 100% mortality of both 2nd and 4gh instars at sublethal dosage. Both toxicants showed significant inhibition of emergence following post-treatment culturing. LD50 values for 2nd instars larvae were 2.5061 ?g/ml and 23.9880 ?g/ml of Novaluron and A. muricata oil, respectively. The study suggests that Annona muricata seed oil has shown promise as biopesticide for Ae. aegypti larvae control.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57881
Title: Quality assessment of smoked Clarias gariepinus, Ethmalosa fimbriata and Scomber scombrus from three fish sites in Lagos state
Author: Ogunbambo Mogbojubola Mutiat and Osibona Adesola Olayinka
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Proximate analysis, total viable count, fungal. Smoked fish, Microtoxims
Abstract: Smoked Clarias gariepinus collected from Lagos Island market, Ethmalosa fimbriata and Scomber scombrus from Makoko and Ogba retail markets respectively in Lagos State were investigated for microbiological quality and proximate analysis. Smoked Clarias gariepinus had average moisture contents of 39.43% at the smoking site and 45.57% late in the evening at the retail outlet, while average protein content was 36.68% and 33.39% lipid and ash contents were averaged at 11.61, 9.11, 4.00 and 2.73% respectively. The mean total viable count at the smoking and retail outlets respectively were 9.96 x 103 cfu/g, 4.71 x 104 cfu/g, total coliform count was 2.37 x 103 cfu/g and 1.59 x 104 cfu/g, while fungal and Listeria sp. load were 2.89 x 103, 1.98 x 104 cfu/g, 3.45 x 102 cfu/g. The values obtained for smoked Ethmalosa fimbriata were moisture 30.36% and 32.32%, protein 24.83% and 23.02%, lipid and ash 5.09, 3.88%, 6.15 and 5.06% at the smoking and retail outlets respectively. The average total viable count were 8.14 x 103cfu/g and 4.75 x 104 cfu/g, total coliform count was 2.08 x 103 cfu/g and 1.31 x 104 cfu/g. Fungal and Listeria sp. load were 3.97 x 103, 5.94 x 104 cfu/g, 3.67 x 102 and 2.71 x 102 cfu/g respectively. Smoked Scomber scombrus had moisture contents of 42.68% and 45.16%, Protein 27.54% and 24.56%, lipid and ash were 17.39, 13.89%, 2.69 and 2.37% respectively. The total viable count were 2.92 x 104 cfu/g and 4.29 x 104 cfu/g, total coliform count 6.13 x 103 cfu/g and 1.92 x 104 cfu/g while fungal and Listeria sp load and were at 2.62 x 103, 1.16 x 104 cfu/g, 3.86 x 102 and 4.53 x 102cfu/g respectively. The microorganisms observed were mainly Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp, Listeria sp., Escherichia coli, Proteus sp. Penicillin sp., Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. The presence of these microorganisms is significant from a food safety point of view as some of them are producers of potent microtoxins that may cause diseases.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57880
Title: Biomedical waste management in Jodhpur city: A case study
Author: Anil Choudhary, Deepak Ojha and Mohan Lal Chowdhary
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4) December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Biomedical waste, hospitals, waste management, segregation & disposal
Abstract: Biomedical waste management in Jodhpur city was studied during August 2011 to January 2012. In Jodhpur city there are about 162 Govt. and private hospitals, labs and clinics. They generate an average of 600-650 kg/day of hazardous biomedical waste. The biomedical waste is dumped with municipal solid waste, which can be harmful for the environment. Biomedical waste is dumped with municipal solid waste, which can be harmful for the enviornment. Biomedical waste is dumped with municipal solid waste, which can be harmful for the enviornment. Biomedical waste is a serious problem to be solved as early as possible and this study will give a database of average per day biomedical waste generation with yellow bags 325-350 kg/day, red bags 5-10 kg/day, blue bags 30-35 kg/day and black bags 225-250 kg/day. The total number of beds connected to common biomedical treatment facility centre is 4886. In this study we also found problems in collection and segregation of biomedical waste at hospital level and common biomedical treatment facility centre.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57879
Title: Effect of harsh and loud sound on haematologic parameters of rat
Author: Meetu Sinha and D N Sadhu
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4) December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Noise, animal model, rat, Haematologic parameters
Abstract: Sound, a necessity of our daily life, when becomes noise, disturbs our health and routine. All major international health Organizations consider sound pollution as an important health problem. In this study, an animal model has been used to study the effects of noise (harsh and loud sound) exposure on the haematological composition. Twelve rats of about 200g by weight (6 male + 6 female) were randomized into two groups of test and control. Animals in the test group were exposed to a 90dB of noise for 90 days, while animals in the control group were kept in normal condition. By the end of the study, blood samples was taken from each animal in both the groups and a complete blood count was performed. In animals of the test groups as compared to those in the control, there was significant increase in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and haemoglobin content. It can be concluded that noise exposure affects blood haematological parameters.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57878
Title: Remote sensing cum GIS based assessment of morphometric characteristics of Chittar basin in district Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, South India
Author: G Bindu, R Neelakantan and Rajesh Reghunath
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4) December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Chittar basin, Morphometric characteristics, Remote sensing, GIS
Abstract: The use of the drainage morphometric characteristics for the investigations relating to hydrology has been empty discussed in various studies. The realization of its importance has made the analysis of drainage morphometric characteristis studies related to hydrological studies. The morphometric analysis of Chittar River Basin (CRB), a fifth order sub basin of Vamanapuram River on the south west coast, has been studied using Arc Info GIS software. The drainage patterns of the basin are delineated using IRS IC LISS III data and SOI toposheets on 1:25,000 scale as reference. The drainage pattern of the study area is dendritic with stream orders ranging from I to V. The different drainage parameters studied include drainage pattern, stream order, stream number, stream length ratio, relief ratio, bifurcation ratio, constant of channel maintenance, frequency of source head, frequency of confluence points, slope and DEM. The drainage density of the Chittar basin varies from 1 km/km2 to > 4 km/km2. Stream length ratios for different stream orders vary between 0.30 and 0.64, which are low to moderate and suggest the moderately resistant hard rock terrain. The bifurcation ratio of streams of different order of the basin varies from 3.21 to 5.00. The average bifurcation ratio for the Chittar basin is 3.94, which is near to 4, suggesting some structural control over the development of drainage basin. The relative relief of the basin varies from place to place and most of the basin comes under the category of 30-60 m. At some places relative relief is very high and it suggests rugged topography. It is concluded that Remote Sensing and GIS have been proved to be efficient tools in drainage delineation and updation.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None