ID: 57907
Title: Screening, isolation and characgterisation of protease producing moderately halophilic microorganisms
Author: Annapurna S A , Amarnath Singh, Shashank Garg, Anupam Kumar and Harsh Kumar
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Moderately halophiles, proteases, silver recovery, dehairing, blood destaining
Abstract: The present study is focussed on isolation of moderately halophilic bacteria and fungi that are capable of producign protease from the samples collected from Sambhar lake of Rajasthan and Mumbai seashore. Extremely and moderately halophilic bacteria dominate in saline environments (0.5% to saturated NaCl). Moderately halophilic microorganisms include a broad variety of bacteria and fungi that are able to grow in media containig a wide range of elevated NaCl concentrations (3-15% NaCl). Considerable attention has been focused on enzymes of moderately halophilic bacteria, since they have substantial biotechnological potential. While several proteases from extreme halophiles, members of the haloarchaea have been characterized, fewer proteases from moderately halophilic bacteria have been purified and studied in depth. These microorganisms use different strategies for preserving their cell structure and function in highly saline conditions. They may produce compounds of industrial interest, such as extracellular hydrolytic enzymes with diverse potential applications in the industries. Therefore, an attempt is done in the present study for isolation of moderately halophilic bacteria and fungi able to produce protease which is of industrial importance. The samples collected from Sambhar lake of Rajasthan and Mumbai seashore were processed for the isolation and characterization of the bacteria and fungi able to produce the protease enzyme which further was shown to have the proteolytic activity demonstrated by using blood stained surgical instruments, hair, and casein. The recovery of silver from the X ray photographic film was also attempted. The molecular sequencing of the fungus and bacteria with the phylogenetic tree formulated revealed the presence of Aspergillus flavus in the sample from Mumbai sea shore and Bacillus subtilis from Sambhar lake of Rajasthan. In the subsequent phase effect of temperature, pH, activator and inhibitor was also studied on the activity of protease enzyme by using casein and hari as substrates. The enzyme further was shown to have the ability to remove the blood stain from the surgical instruments as well as to recover silver from the X ray film. The isolate Bacillus subtilis optimally grown at pH-8 and temperature 370C and 10% NaCl with protease activity on casein and human hari. Protease enzyme obtained in the present study by using Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus flavus is found to be stable and active so could be of significant use for detergent and leather processing technology as well as for dehairing and silver recovery.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57906
Title: Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Dolichandrone falcata leaf on some MDR bacterial species
Author: M E Kishore and A S Bagwan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dolichandrone falcata, Medhshingi, multidrug resistance (MDR), Antimicrobial activity, phytochemical properties, zone of inhibition, MIC
Abstract: The antibacterial properties of the plant leaf extract of Dolichandrone falcata (vernacular name: Medhshingi) has been successfully tested on some bacterial species which were of multidrug resistant (MDR). The leaf extract shows very promising results. The aqueous, acetone and ethanol extracts of plant leaves were prepared and evaluated for its phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activities. The phytochemical analysis of the preparation revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites which includes: tannins, flavanoids, glycosides, steroids, saponins and alkaloids. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the crude aqueous, acetone and ethanol extract of the Dolichandrone falcata were investigated. The extract showed antimicrobial activities against the test organisms with different zones of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanol extract was between 10-20 mg/mL. The ability of the crude extracts of Dolichandrone falcata to inhibit the growth of microbes is an indication of its antimicrobial potential , which may be employed in management of microbial infections.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57905
Title: Production and characterization of thermo tolerant alkaline protease from Serratia Marcescens
Author: Annapura S A, Amarnath Singh, Shashank Garg, Anupam Kumar and Harsh Kumar
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Alkaline protease, cleansing activity, dehairing, Serratia marcescens, silver recovery
Abstract: Alkaline proteases hold a great potential for application in the food, detergent and leather industries due to the increasing trend to develop environmental friendly technologies. In this study, an attempt is made to isolate adn characterise the bacteria from the protein rich soil sample as well as to optimise the culture conditiosn for the production of protease enzyme. The molecular sequencing of the bacterium and the phylogenetic tree formulated revealed the presence of Serratia marcescens. In the subsequent phase effect of temperature, pH, activator and inhibitor was also Serratia marcescens. In the subsequent phase effect of temperature, pH, activator and inhibitor was also studied on the activity of protease enzyme by using casein and hair as substrates. The enzyme further was shown to have the ability to remove the blood from the blood stained surgical instruments as well as to recover silver from the X ray film. The optimum production of protease by Serratia marcescens was observed at pH 10 and temperature 370C. The presence of CaCl2 (activator) increased the enzyme activity and the presence of HgCl2 (inhibitor) reduced the protease activity. The protease enzyme was able to act on casein and hair as well as able to remove the blood from the surgical instruments. Treatment of X-Ray films with protease resultted in the silver bound wtih gelatin being stripped off in to the reaction mixture at pH 10 and temperature 400C. The alkaline protease enzyme obtained in the present study by using Serrain marcescene is found to be stable and active in alkaline condition, so could be of significant use of detergent and leather processing technology as well as for dehairing and silver recovery.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57904
Title: Serodiagnosis of brucellosis - A conventional and molecular approach
Author: Annapurna S A, Mahavir Joshi and Shrikirshna Isloor
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Brucellosis, Zoonosis, Brucellacapt, PCR, Seroprevalence
Abstract: Brucellosis is a widespread important zoonotic infectius disease caused by members of the genus Brucella. Despite being endemic in many developing countries, brucellosis remains one of the most under diagnosed and under-reported diseases. The work is undertaken to study the seroprevalence of brucellosis by using conventional and molecular techniques. For the present study, a total of 713 serum samples were collected from the individuals along with the history including the age, sex, profession, clinical history, diagnosis attempted and duration of illness. The serum samples were screened by conventional tests viz. RBRT, STAT, Brucellacapt (Vircell Microbiologist, Spain) agglutination test and molecualr technique (PCR). In the first phase the samples were screened by RBPT and the sero positive samples were screened by STAT in the second phase followed by Brucellacapt in the third phase. The seropositive samples were subjected for DNA extraction and subsequently PCR assay by amplifying partial bcsp-31KD genus specific gene. The analysis of RBPT and STAT revealed 3.2% (23 positive out of 713) indicating the equal efficcay of the tests in detecing Brucella specific antibodies whereas Brucellacapt and PCR revealed 4.9% (35 positive out of 713) and 1.7% (12 positive out of 713) seroprevalence respectively. In the present study, males were found to be more prone to the infection than females in the age group 41-50 years. The efficacy of Brucellacapt in detecting seropositive cases of brucellosis is higher when compared to the other techniques.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57903
Title: Correlation between nutrient levels and phytoplankton population in a natural water-body
Author: O Sudhakar, G Venugopal, J P George and P Neela Rani
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Powai lake, nutrients, phytoplankton, eutrophication, correlation
Abstract: The present study was conducted in Powai Lake, Mumbai. Concentrations of nutrients namely nitrites, nitrates, phosphates and silicates were recorded. During the study period the nitrites concentration was found to be 0.0241 (+0.0082) mg/L, while the mean nitrate levels were found to be 0.310 (+0.077) mg/L. The mean levels of phosphate and silicate during the study period were found to be 0.362 (+0.076) mg/L and 25.467 (+2.422) mg/L respectively. The nutrient levels indicate that the lake is eutrophic. A total of 19 species of phytoplankton were obseved in the samples collected from the water body. Among the phytoplankton, teh most abundant group was Cyanophyceae, which accounted on an average 51.75 (+5.61), while the second abundant group Euglenophyceae contributed 38.54 (+4.03)% on an average and this followed by Chlorophyceae with a contribution of 5.17 (+1.09)%. The least abundant group, bacillariophyceae had contributed on an average 4.54 (+0.86)% to the total phytoplankton. Pearson Coefficient of Correlation has been worked out for nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton populations. The results reveal taht a strong correlation exist between nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton population in this natural freshwater body.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57902
Title: Recommended trace metal concentrations in reference materials IAEA-407 should not be used as tolerable limits
Author: C K Yap
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Trace metal, IAEA-407
Abstract: I would like to draw attention on a recently published paper by Mohammed et al. (2012) in Marine Pollution Bulletin (MPB). In the paper, the authors reproted well the trace metals in sediments and fish from Trinidad and Tobago. However, they compared some of metal concentrations in fish and sediments with IAEA-407 ' Tolerable Levels ' which is actually not mentioned as ' tolerable levels ' in the original reports by Wyse et al (2003). Hence, the comparison is invalid and wrongly interpreted.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57901
Title: Abatment of surface water contamination by coimmobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiate and Bacillus coagulans
Author: M Sridhar Chowdary, Bezawada Manikumar and S Suryanarayana Raju
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Water eutrophication, bioremediation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus coagulans
Abstract: Controlling water pollution is one of the greatest concerns to scientists as the water is of prime and foremost necessity of life. Inorganic and organic substances discharged from various secotrs like domestic, agricutlure and industrial sectors are the major classes of pollutants in all aqua systems. Conventional treatment technologies for removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solution are not economical and they generate sludge in huge quantity. Biodegradation is considered as an effective and attractive technology to remove organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions in recent days. Large no. of microorganisms viz., bacteria, fungi, yeasts were found to be successful in removal of organic and inorganic pollutants to different extents from aqueous environment. The Immobilization of cells on a suitable support simplify the treatmetn of liquid waste as the entrapment of living cells increases the retention time of cells on contaminated water. The present work is the compilation of investigations of co-immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus coagulans as biomass for the removal of phosphates, nitrates and organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. The variations in pH, DO, COD, BOD and concentration of different inorganic substances like nitrates and phosphates during incubation period were reported.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57900
Title: Enhanced lipase production by a mutant strain of Bacillus species strain W2 clone (LP10)
Author: P Pallavi, S Jeevan Chandra and S Ram Reddy
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Bacillus species, Lipases, 16S rDNA, UV mutagenesis, HNO2 mutagenesis
Abstract: Improvement of microbial strains for over production of industrial products has been the hallmark of all commercial fermentation processes. In our studies, based on 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis, a newly isolated indigenous potential lipase producer strain was identified as uncultured Bacillus species clone W2 (Gene Bank Accession Number F5863099.1). In quest for developing superior high yielding strains, this strain was subjected to strain improvement by a two step random mutagenesis (UV and HNO3). In the first step of UV mutagenesis, the plates having less than 1% survival rate were selected and tested for the lipase production. One UV mutant designated as Lp10II showed 133.3% higher activity than the parent strain. This mutant was further subjected to HNO3 mutagenesis. Among HNO2 mutants, Lp10IIb and Lp10IIc exhibited enhanced lipase activity. Lp10IIb and Lp10IIc have exhibited 6.3 and 8.0 fold higher lipase yields respectively than the parent strain. These yields were several folds higher than the yields of original uncultured Bacillus species clone W2 (Lp10).
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57899
Title: Evaluation of essential nutrients for Navicula sps growth by submerged ferementations
Author: P Bhagya Raj, B Ranjit and P Mary Anupama
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Navicula sps. Nutrients, productivity, diatoms cultivation
Abstract: In vitro cultivation of diatoms to meet the diverse applications is the essence of this week. These microalgae are easy to isolate and culitvate in microbiology laboratories. A minimal medium was used to isolate one diatom sps by its repeated cultivation under nutritional stress. Navicula sps could replicate under the provided conditions and towards the end of 3 weeks a culture enriched in the mentioned sps was obtaine. The important nutritional parameter, i.e, silicate and nitrate concentrations required for the isolates optimal growth were determined. Maximum productivity of 50014 diatoms /mL was obtained when sodium silicate at 150?Mper L and Nitrate at 250 ?M per L were provided to teh diatoms culture.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57898
Title: Toxic metals in black tea
Author: Vaishali T Phusate
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Tea, beverage, arsenic, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead
Abstract: Metallic pollution is one of the global problems through soil and water toxic metals accumulate in the tea plants. In the presence study concentrationof Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Nickel(Ni) and Lead (Pb) in six popular black tea brands were estimated. Among the metal tested Ni concentration was high followed by Cd, Pb and Cu. Arsenic was not detected in black tea leaves. concentration of metals in prepared tea were lower than residues. Tea is widely consumed beverage all over the world. Presence of metals in the sample indicates that tea drinking could be a source of metal accumulation in the body.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57897
Title: Isolation of fungi and bacteria from various tissues of freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch)
Author: K Malathi and K Rajendran
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Nutrient agar, Channa punctatus, Fungal flora
Abstract: Commercial important freshwater fish Channa punctatus were examined thoroughly for their fungal flora and bacterial population. For fungal identification tissues of gills, muscles and alimentary canal were cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate and for bacteriological examination in nutrient agar (NA) plate. Result showed that there were 13 species of fungi and 16 species of bacteria isolated from various tissues of fish. The predominantly isolated fungal flora were Aspergillus sp., Curvularia lunata, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and bacterial species were E. coli, Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Cocci sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Streptococcus sp. The total number of species significantly varied among the species. The existence of large number of bacteria and fungi observed in alimentary canal is due to the decomposition of contaminated food from aquatic environment. Hence the study suggested that the fishes should be reared in uncontaminated water for human consumption.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57896
Title: Isolation of bacteria from personal computer hardware and its molecular detection by 16S rRNA hypervariable region (V4) specific sequence analysis
Author: Hariomsing P Pawar, Devendra P Lingojwar and Vijay S Wadhai
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: 16S Ribosomal RNA, 16S rRNA Hypervariable Region 4 (V4), Computer hardware bacteria, Bacterial identification
Abstract: Computer hardware may act as a reservoir for microorganisms and may contribute its transfer via user. This research seeks to investigate what kinds of microbes, especially aerobic bacteria that actually can contaminate computer hardware. Bacteria 16S rRNA genes generally contain nine "hypervariable regions" (VI-V9) that demonstrate considerable sequence diversity among different bacterial species and can be used for species identification. We identified the unknown bacteria isolated from computer hardware by molecular detection and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA hypervariable region V4. The gene sequence obtained was studied in the region from V3-V6. Sequence similarity dendograms were created for hypervariable regions V3-V6. After complete analysis and using bioinformatics tools our investigation demonstrated that the V4 (nucleotide 576-682) contains diverse character and comparatively less distinguish than V3 and V6 for the Bacillus subtilis species molecular identification.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57895
Title: Lactic acid, its occurrence properties and production by various methods
Author: R K Pathak, Nitin Pereira and Ahmad Ashfaq
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Lactic acid
Abstract: Lactic acid is a highly versatile chemical. It is produced by synthetic or biochemical route in batch, fed batch or continuous process. Due to presence of number of impurities and requirement of number of downstream separation process the production of lactic acid is not economical. Chemical route generate racemic mixture of acid while fermentative route produces lot of waste disposal problems. Present paper is an attempt to analyze various processes for production of lactic acid their occurrence and uses.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57894
Title: Evaluation of copper (II) and nickel (II) biosorption by sewage sludge under optimized conditions
Author: Ahmad Ashfaq and R K Pathak
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Heavy metals, biosorption, kinetic modeling, isotherms
Abstract: The equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied for the removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from dilute aqueous solution onto sewage sludge. The optimum biosorption conditions for pH [5.0 for Cu(II) and 1.0 for Ni(II)], temperature and biomass concentration were found at 240C and 1.0 mg/L respectively. The Freundlich and Langmuir sorptin models were used for the mathematical description of biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants were evaluated. The maximum biosorption capacity for Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions were obtained as 37.48 mg and 29.74 mg per gram of the biosorbent applied. The kinetic studies showed that the sorption rates could be described well by Pseudo-second-order model in comparison to Pseudo-first-order model. This showed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of biosorption process. The results indicated that sewage sludge was an effective and economical biosorbent for the removal of both heavy metal ions.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57893
Title: Probiotic efficiency of lactic acid producing probiotic bacteria tested against gastrointestinal and urinary tract infection causing pathogens
Author: P Muthukumar, T S Blessy Thayalin and V Prabakaran
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 4, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Probiotic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria
Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the raw milk sample. About six different Lactobacillus species were identified phenotypically and they were named as LAB RD1, LAB RD2, LAB RD3, LAB RD4, LAB RD5, and LAB RD6. These isolates were grouped on the basis of gram staining, cell shape, production of gas from glucose and catalse activity. Based on the phenotypic characteristics, all the isolates were gram positive rods, catalase negative and lactose fermenters (Table 1). The isolated Lactobacilli were tested for resistance to bile salt, acidic pH, NaCl, as well as their ability to inhibit pathogens. A clear zone was found around the isolate which confirms the production of acid, by dissolving the CaCO3 in the medium.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None