ID: 58432
Title: The possible contribution of agricultural crop residues to renewable energy targets in Europe: A spatially explicit study
Author: F Monforti, K Bodis, N Scarlat, J -F Dallemand
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Crop residues, bioenergy, Biomass, potential assessment, spatial analysis
Abstract: This paper provides a geographical assessment of potential bioenergy production in the European Union from residues of eight agricultural crops (wheat, barley, rye, oat, maize, rice, rapeseed and sunflower). The evaluation is geographically explicit at the scale of 1 km2 and is based on two main computational steps. In the first step the amount of crop residues resulting from statistical assessement based on the methodology developed by Scarlet et al (1) have been spatially allocated on the EU-271territory using several auxillay geospatial layers describing, for example, land cover, expected biomass productivity derived from soil parameters, climatic zones and topographical conditions. In the second step the number of model power plants (i.e., plants with a size of 50 MW thermal input and a raw material demand of about 100 kt/yr might be conveniently fed with available crop residues was estimated on the basis of two different allocations strategies implying a different grade of optimization.
The results show that the estimated crop residue resources in EU-27 could provide fuel for about 850 plants expected to produce about 1500 PJ/yr. Mobilization needs for the residues are also estimated, leading to a total amount of 1.5 x 1012-2 x 1012 tkm are necessary for the full potential exploitation.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58431
Title: Density and viscosity of biodiesel as a functional of temperature: Empirical models
Author: Luis Felipe Ramirez Verduzco]
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Biodiesel, Density, Viscosity, temperature, prediction
Abstract: Biodiesel is a promising alterantive of renewable energy obtained from natural raw material. This work presents empirical models to predict the density (P)and dynamic viscosity (?) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), biodiesel, and biodiesel blends in a wide range of temperature. The average absolute deviation (AAD) was 0.43% in density, and 6.39% in viscosity.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58430
Title: Recent developments in ejector refrigeration technologies
Author: Xiangjie Chen, Siddig Omer, Mark Worall, Saffa Riffat
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Ejector, refrigeration systme, working fluid, geometry, application
Abstract: This paper aims at providing a literature review on the recent development in ejectors, applications of ejector refrigeration systems and system performance enhancement. The paper presents useful guidelines regarding background and operating principles of ejector. A number of studies are reported and categorized in several topics including, refrigerant selections, mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of ejector system, geometric optimizations, operating conditions optimization and combinations with other refrigeration systems. Most of the works that have been carried out recently are still limited to computer modelling, more experimental and large-scale work are needed in order to provide better understanding for the real industrial application.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58429
Title: Review of primary control strategies for islanded microgrids with power-electronic interfaces
Author: T L Vandoorn, J D M De Kooning, B Meersman, L Vandevelde
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Microgrids, islanded operation, power-electronic converters, primary control
Abstract: To cope with the increasing share of distributed generation (DG) units in the distribution network, a coordinated integration is required. An aggregation of DG units, loads and storage elements into microgrids with proper control strategies can provide this coordination. As most DG units are power electronically interfaced to the grid, specific control strategites have been developed for the converter interfaces of the DG units in islanded microgrids. This paper provides a survey of these control strategies and shows detailed figures of the control schemes.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58428
Title: Design and development in optics of concentrator photovoltaic system
Author: Kok-Keong Chong, Sing-Liong Lau, Tiong-Keat Yew, Philip Chee-Lin Tan
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Optical design, solar concentrator, solar energy, concentrator photovoltaic, high solar concentration
Abstract: Due to the dramatic advances in commercial multi-junction solar cells with 40% conversion efficiency, solar concentrator capable of delivering flux levels of hunderds to thousands of suns at high collective efficiency is the key factor for the success of novel Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) system. This paper would review and survey the progress in the last 30 years including the optical design and development in the optics of solar concentrators for teh CPV system. The detailed architectural design and optical principle of solar concentrators are presented to show various innovative and creative ideas of harnessing solar energy.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58427
Title: Economic feasibility of development of wind power plants in coastal locations of Saudi Arabia - A review
Author: S M Shaahid, L M Al-Hadhrami, M K Rahman
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Wind speeds, Commercial wind machines, wind farms, hub-heights, cost of energy
Abstract: Climate change and depletion of natural resources are serious issues that have potential impact on the economic and social development of countries. In this perspective, the governments world-wide are mobilizing initiatives to exploit renewable energy sources to mitigate increasing demand of energy, volatile fuel prices, and environmental concerns. Renewable energy (wind/solar) based power system is a nature-friendly option for power production to foster sustainable development challenges. In the present study, the economic feasibility of development of 75 MW wind power plants (wind farms) in the coastal locations of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) has been studied/ reviewed by analyzing long-term wind speed data. Attention has been focused on four coastal locations (Al-Wajh, Jeddah,Yanbu and Jizan) covering the west cost. In general, long-term data indicates that the yearly average wind speed of K S A varies from 3.0 to 4.5 m/s at 10 m height. The wind farms simualted consist of different combinations of 600 kW commercial wind machines (50 m hub-height). NREL ' s (HOMER Energy ' s) HOMER software has been employed to perform the techno-economic assessment.
The study presents monthly variations of wind speed, cumulative frequency distribution (CFD) profiles of wind speed, monthly and yearly amount of energy generated from the 75 MW wind farms (50 m hub-height) at different coastal locations of K S A , cost of generating energy (COE, $/kWh), capacity factor (%), etc. The CFD indicates that the wind speeds are less than 3 m/s for 45%, 53%, 41% and 52% of the time during the year at Al-Wajh, Jeddah, Yanbu and Jizan respectively. This implies that wind electric conversion systems (WECS) will not produce energy for about 41-53% of the time during the year. The annual energy produced by 75 MW wind farms (50 m hub-height) has been found to be 107, 196, 81, 648, 135, 822, and 80,896 MWh at Al-Wajh, Jeddah, Yanbu and Jizan respectively. The cost of wind-based electricity by using 600 kW (50 m hub-height) commercial WECS has been found to be 0.0536, 0.0704, 0.0423, and 0.0711 US$/kWh for Al-Wajh, Jeddah, Yanbu and Jizan respectively. Also, attempt has been made to determine the capacity factor (CF) of wind-based power plants, the CF has been found to vary from 12% to 21% for different locations of the Kingdom.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58426
Title: Energy balance, forecasting of bioelectricity generation and greenhouse gas emission balance in the ethanol production at sugarcane mills in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul
Author: Mirko V Turdera
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Energy balance, ethanol production, bioelectricity, CO2 emissions
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present aspects about the energy balance fo sugarcane crops and its carbon dioxide emissions. We calculate energy used in agricultural, industrial and distribution sectors by five sugarcane mills of Mato Grosso do Sul and we compare the yield with its energy delivery. The energy balance obtained, with an average 6.8, shows that is advantageous to produce ethanol in the lands of that Brazilian state. We have prepared a forecasting of electricity production from bagasse taking into account two types of technology. Finally, we present the potential value of CO2 emitted by the five mills to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions of the ethanol production valor chain.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58425
Title: Real options theory applied to electricity generation projects: A review
Author: E A Martinez Cesena, J Mutale, F Rivas-Davalos
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Real options, Generation planning, Renewable energy, Power systems economics
Abstract: Real options (RO) theory is well known for enhancing the value of projects under uncertainty. This is achieved by modelling the flexibility that managers possess to adjust the projects in response to changes in their environments. Based on this, RO theory could be used to tackel current energy and enviornmental issues by enhancing the value of electricity generation projects (EGP), especially renewable energy projects (REP).
The potential of RO theory to increase the value of EGP and REP has been a driver for new research in the topic. However, existing literature is still scare, diverse, and tends to neglect the state of the art of RO theory (e.g. RO in the design of projects). RO studies tend to ignore the use of RO in the design of projects as they are difficult to formulate without the help of experts on the projects ' designs.
This paper aims to encourage novel research in the application of RO theory to EGP and REP. For this purpose, a critical review of RO theory, its state of the art, and its applications to EGP and REP is presented. This review identifies current areas of interest and gaps in knowledge in this research area. It is concluded that new and novel RO research should address the state of the art of RO theory, and uncertainties that are exclusive for specific types of projects. This future research will require the involvement of electrical engineers specialised in the design of EGP and REP.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58424
Title: An overview on adsorption pairs for cooling
Author: Ahmed A Askalany, M Salem, I M Ismael, A H H Ali, M G Morsy, Bidyut B Saha
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Adsorption, cooling, heat pump, working pairs, new pairs
Abstract: This study is a survey for working adsorbent-refrigerant pairs and the new pairs for potential applications. The study introduces a classification for the adsorption cooling sytems and a comparison between them based on the employed adsorption pairs. The comparison is on the basis of the limits of use such as coefficient of performance (COP), driving temperature, evaporation temperature and specific cooling power (SCP). The study also introduces a review of the most promising new adsorption pairs. The new pairs are introduced from the point of view of its adsorption characteristics. Finally, the study concluded that the future of adsorption cooling could be more popular as it will offer answers for the existing challenges.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58423
Title: Solar energy: Trends and enabling technologies
Author: Vijay Devabhaktuni, Mansoor Alam, Soma Shekara Sreenadh Reddy Depuru, Robert C Green II, Douglas Nims, Craig Near
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Distributed generation, photovoltaic, renewable energy, solar energy
Abstract: The global demand for energy is currently growing beyond the limits of installable generation capacity. To meet future energy demands efficiently, energy security and reliability must be improved and alternative energy sources must be investigated aggressively. An effective energy solution should be able to address long-term issues by utilizing alterantive and renewable energy sources. Of the many available renewable sources of energy, solar energy is clearly a promising option as it is extensively available. Solar power, especially as it reaches more competitive levels with other energy sources in terms os cost, may serve to sustain the lives of millionsof underprevileged people in developing countries. Furthermore, solar energy devices can benefit the environment and economy of developing countries. This paper illustrates the need for the utilization of alterntive energy sources, evaluates the global scenario of installed generation systems, reviews technologies underlying various solar powered devices, and discusses several applications and challenges in this area. In addition, this paper addresses the costs of deployment, maintenance, and operation, as well as economic policies that promote installation of solar energy systems.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58422
Title: Planning 10 onshore wind farms with corresponding interconnection network and power system analysis for low-carbon-island development on Penghu island, Taiwan
Author: Yuan- Kang Wu, Gia-Yo Han, Ching - Yin Lee
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Houliao Energy Park, Low-carbon island, Onshore wind farm, Penghu, renewable energy
Abstract: A five-year, NT$8.09 billion project to turn Penghu, Taiwan, into a world-class low-carbon island was formally launched in 2011. The project is a major milestone in Taiwan ' s development of renewable energy. The initiative, which will install large onshore wind power generations, is predicted to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by more than 50% in 2015 from 2005 levels. The study examines the plan for large onshore wind farms and the corresponding connected network, and performs simulation analysis for the integrated wind power system. Simulation results of the system impact analysis will be a valuable reference for the government and power utility. Additionally, this study examines several successful renewable development projects on other islands worldwide, the environmental conditions for the Penghu wind energy project, and the preplanning process for the Houliao Energy park on Penghu.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58421
Title: Numerical modeling of compression ignition engine: A review
Author: Suneel Kumar, Manish Kumar Chauhan, Varun
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Numerical simulation, Multizone model, heat transfer, CI engines, NOx
Abstract: Diesel engine modeling draws the greater attention due to its higher efficiency as compared to spark ignition (SI) engine. Still it is very challenging job to model diesel engine due to its complex combustion phenomena. The focus of the present study is to review the different available model used for modeling of CI engines. The modeling of CI engine is divided into single zone, multizone and multi-dimensional model. Which further subdivided in many submodel i.e. heat transfer, ignition delay period, droplet evaporation, intake and exhaust flow, chemical kinematics and soot formation model. A comparative study has also been carried out with experimental validation to show the compatibility with different modeling approach. Some optimum mathematical input parameter has been suggested by the analysis of different modeling approach to minimize the NOx emission and soot formation to make diesel engine more eco-friendly.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58420
Title: Evaluation of the capability of accepting large-scale wind power in China
Author: Y X He, T Xia, Z Y Liu, T Zhang, Z Dong
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Wind power, Capability of acception, risk factors, comprehensive evaluation
Abstract: With regard to energy conservation and reduction of emissions, China is dedicated to facilitating the development of renewable energy in order to fulfil its international responsibility. In recent years, the installed wind power capacity in China has increased rapidly due to its large scale and centralization. The high penetration of wind power has brought about a series of problems such as the wind energy utilization and curtailment, auxillary services and the pricing mechanism. The resolution of these problems needs policies which will provide more support than the current technologies and standards for wind power. This paper takes the evaluation of capability of accepting large-scale wind power in China as its object of study. According to the analysis of such risk factors as the influence of the grid on wind power integration, wind power itself, the market and policy, an evaluation model of the ability of accepting large-scale wind power is established based on risk theory. Then, the estimation of the ability to accept wind power in Gansu Province is used to tensify to the effectiveness of the model. Finally, a series of reasonable policies for wind power are proposed.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58419
Title: A critical review of factors affecting the wind power generation industry in China
Author: Zhen-yu Zhao, Hong Yan, Jian Zuo, Yu-xi Tian, George Zillante
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: China, wind power, renewable energy, power generation industry, sustainable development, influencing factors
Abstract: China is facing a number of challenges such as electricity supply shortages, excessive consumption of fossil fuels and enviornmental pollution. As a renewable energy, wind power plays a vital role in mitigating these issues. With its unique geographical location and rich resources, China has produced a wind power industry that has achieved rapid growth. However, the complex Chinese market environment presents significant challenges to the industry. This research has adopted a strength, weakness, opportunity and threat analysis approach to examine both the internal and external factors that affect the competitiveness of the wind power industry in China. An extensive and critical review of a wide range of literature (including academic papers, industry reports, statistical data, relevant regulations and policy documents) was conducted. As a result, 19 factors were identified. These factors form part of an integrated framework that provides a useful tool for both policy makers and industry to gain a better understanding of what affects the sustainable development of the wind power industry in China. The results also provide a useful reference for foreign firms that intend to explore the Chinese wind power market.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58418
Title: Economic impacts of installing solar power plants in northern Chile
Author: Felipe del Sol, Enzo Sauma
Editor: Lawrence L Kazmerski
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 19, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Keywords: Solar economics, solar energy, Chile, Econometric analysis, solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, solar simulation
Abstract: Chile has one of the best worldwide conditions for the generation of electrical energy from solar resources, having an annual average Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI) of 9-10 kWh/m2/day. Many improtant astronomical observatories have been installed in the north of Chile because of the low number of cloudy days and the high sky clearness index. Also, in the north of Chile, there are many mining companies who demand large amounts of load for their operation. They currently use electricity provided from fossil fuels thermoelectric plants (99% of the electrical generation of the Northern Interconnected Power System is thermoelectric) that are subject to fuel-price volatilities and have large global and local impacts on the enviornment.
The work reported in this paper focuses on identifying a limited number of variables, which explain the variations on the investment cost of solar power plants, and use the information to assess the economic benefits of the installation of this type of plants in the north of Chile. In particular, multiple linear regressions were formulated, with information about 45 thermal and 37 photovoltaic existing and projected solar plants, to explain the variations among the investment cost of the different projects. We determine a limited number of variables that adequately explain the variations of the investment cost of solar energy power plants. Using these results, 11 technologies were simulated in four locations to assess the economic impact of these projects in terms of the change induced in the marginal cost of the system and the net present value of the 44 projects. We show that installing a solar power plant in the north of Chile will not bring net economic benefits for the power sector unless current conditions on factors such as carbon bond prices, labor rate, or solar-plant part prices change. The break even capital cost and energy cost for a Stirling Dish solar plant in Calama are 2.33 millions of USD/MW and 9.3 cents/kWh, respectively.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None