ID: 59242
Title: Effect of Ozone and Ethylenediurea (EDU) application on Indian Medicinal Plant Species.
Author: Anjali Singhal, Pawan Kumar Jha, Alka Thapliyal, C K Varshney.
Editor: Satish A Bhalerao
Year: 2013
Publisher: International Book House Pvt. Ltd.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: International Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2 (no.3), 188-199, 2013
Subject: International Journal of Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ozone, Medicinal Plants, EDU, Ocimum sanctum, Mirabilis jalapa, Lantana camara, Phyto-toxicity.
Abstract: Four medicinal plants, namely, Ocimum sanctum var. green, Ocimum sanctum var, shyama, Mirabilis jalapa and Lantana camara were fumigated with 75 ppb hr of ozone (2hr x 12 days = 1800 ppb of ozone) in dynamic glass chambers. Aqueous solution of 400 ppm ethylenediurea (EDU), a specific ozone protectant, was applied three times, using soil drench method. Plants were kept in experimental garden throughout the period of experiment where ambient ozone concentration varied between 14.61 to 20.03 ppb. Ozone adversely affected the vegetative performance of all four plant species. Ocimum sanctum var. shyama was most adversely affected while Lantana camara was least affected. EDU was found to have protective effect on Mirabilis jalapa and Lantana camara.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59241
Title: Climate change and its impact on Plant Diseases and Insect Pests.
Author: A Narasimha Reddy, Jayanth Chapla, M Vanaja.
Editor: Satish A Bhalerao
Year: 2013
Publisher: International Book House Pvt. Ltd.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: International Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2 (no.3), 179-187, 2013
Subject: International Journal of Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Climate change, insects, diseases, elevated CO2, temperature.
Abstract: Climate change is causing serious concern for the governments all over the world to keep pace with increasing demand for food as populations increase. As many countries in tropical regions are already food insecure, having largely subsistence agriculture and growing populations, climate change poses a very serious problem. Even a small increase in temperature in these areas will cause significant yield declines in major food grain production. The changing climate not only influences the crop growth and development but also expected to alter stages and rates of development of the pathogen, modify host resistance, and result in changes in the physiology of host-pathogen interactions. It is expected that the range of many insects, diseases and weeds will expand or change, and new combinations of pests and diseases may emerge as natural ecosystems respond to altered temperature and precipitation profiles. In this context, the present paper reviews the interaction of different weather variables with different insects, diseases and weeds and the probable threats for food grain production, availability and quality.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59240
Title: Biomonitoring to assess the Efficacy of Restoration and Management of Urban water bodies.
Author: Alakananda B, Mahesk M K, Ramachandra T V.
Editor: Satish A Bhalerao
Year: 2013
Publisher: International Book House Pvt. Ltd.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: International Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2 (no.3), 165-178, 2013
Subject: International Journal of Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Diatom ecology, De-silting, Water quality, Tank ecosystems, Urban pollution, Sewage management.
Abstract: Rapid urbanisation has induced stress on water bodies, its ecological components resulting in the disappearance of native biodiversity. Water bodies are being restored due to public pressure and implelmented by the government agencies focuses only on increasing storage capacity of water bodies than retaining the biological components of the ecosystem. In the current study, wetlands of Bangalore ' s urban region were selected to assess the effectiveness of restoration using diatoms as bioindicators. Five wetlands viz., prior -restoration, post-restoration, polluted, reference and previously restored wetlands were chosen. The water quality revealed no major changes in conductivity values among prior-restoration and post-restoration period. Influence of chemical factors was evident from the varying diatom asemblages within water bodies. The well-known tolerant taxa like Nitzschia umbonata, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Halamphora veneta and Gomphonema parvulum were predominant in samples prior to restoration reflecting nutrient rich-pollution status. Compared to this, Achnanthidium sp. and Gomphonema sp were dominant in reference wetlands. One-way ANOVA revealed a significant (p<0.05) change in the percentage of eutrophic taxa (%ET) from a reference to polluted wetlands but no significant % ET change was noticed among prior-restoration, post-restoration and previously restored wetland types. Severe fish kill was recorded in ulsoor wetland (restored ~8 years back) because of improper restoration management. Proper restoration and management, requires regular cost effective monitoring and the current study focuses on diatom based biomonitoring in routine water quality assessments. This would reveal the ecological integrity and would also be cost effective supplement to chemical analysis and easily implementable for monitoring urban wetlands.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59239
Title: Abiotic Stress on Vigna Radiata L. Seedlings.
Author: Ganesh Iyer, Seema Menon, Monali Jathar.
Editor: Satish A Bhalerao
Year: 2013
Publisher: International Book House Pvt. Ltd.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: International Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2 (no.3), 154-164, 2013
Subject: International Journal of Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Vigna radiata L,. saline stress, drought stress, flooding stress, CuSO4 stress, polythylene glycol.
Abstract: Vigna radiata L. is one ot the most important pulse crops used as food throughout the world. Changes in the climatic conditions globally has put this pulse crop under stress, however it does have the ability to overcome the stressed conditions globally has put this pulse crop under stress, however it does have the ability to overcome the stressed conditions. The present study was conducted to study the response of Vigna radiata L. to different types of stresses i.e. Drought stress, Flooding stress, Saline stress and CuSO4 stress. The stress conditions were induced at the seedling stage. Saline stress was given using different concentrations of Sodium chloride (NaCl) measured in ppm; drought stress was induced using Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000), while stress due to flooding was done using excess of mud water and CuSO4 stress was induced using different concentrations of Copper sulphate measured in ppm. Each of the parameters causing stress had a control group which was given tap water for optimum germination. Physiological parameters indicating stress were quantified in terms of an amino acid Proline with Bates method, while Total protein content was estimated by Folin Lowry ' s method.
Vigna radiata L. seedlings were allowed to recover from induced stressed conditions. A comparative of Proline and Total protein content was analyzed for stress as well as for its recovery. SDS-PAGE, electrophoresis was carried out for stress conditions and for its recovery to find out the number of protein bands present in each.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59238
Title: Abiotic Stress on SORGHUM L. Seedlings
Author: Ganesh Iyer, Seema Menon, Monali Jathar.
Editor: Satish A Bhalerao
Year: 2013
Publisher: International Book House Pvt. Ltd.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: International Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2 (no.3), 143-153, 2013
Subject: International Journal of Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Sorghum L,. saline stress, drought stress, flooding stress, CuSO4 stress, PEG-6000.
Abstract: Sorghum L,. is one of the most important crop plants belonging to the family of millet. This crop still remains the principle source of energy, vitamins, minerals and proteins in the poorest regions of the developing country and it also has many medicinal properties. But due to the globally changing climatic conditions have put this crop under several abiotic stresses. However it is found that it has the ability to recover from the stressed conditions. The present study was conducted to see the effect of saline stress, drought stress, flooding stress and stress due to copper sulphate on Sorghum L. seedlings. The study was carried on at the seedling stage. Saline stress and copper sulphate stress was induced by using different concentrations of NaCI and CuSO4 respectively measured in ppm. Drought stress was generated using PEG-6000 in different percentages. While flooding stress was induced by using excess of tap water. Each of the parameters causing stress were quantified in terms of an amino acid, Prolinr and Total protein content which were estimated by Bates method and Folin Lowry ' s method respectively. The stressed Sorghum L. seedlings were allowed to recover from the stressed conditions. Physiological parameters indicating stress were quantified in terms of an amino acid, Proline and Total protein content which were estimated by Bates method and Folin Lowry ' s method respectively. A comparitive study of Proline and Total protein content was analyzed for stress as well as for its recovery. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was carried out for stress conditions and for its recovery to find out the number of protein bands present in each.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59237
Title: Reducing Uncertainity in Activity Data for Energy Related GHG Emissions from Private Generator Sets: A Case Study of Bangalore City.
Author: Swapna Parvathi, Mallikarjun Rao, Vinod Kumar, Govindhaswamy Umapathy.
Editor: Satish A Bhalerao
Year: 2014
Publisher: International Book House Pvt. Ltd.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: International Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2 (no.3), 130-142, 2014
Subject: International Journal of Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Diesel Generator, Residential, Transport, Fuel consumption.
Abstract: Energy sector contributed 64% of total Indian GHG emissions in 2007. The major components of energy sector emissions are energy transformation, manufacturing industries and construction, transport, residential/commercial, other sectors, and fugitive emissions. Though it is easy to estimate the energy consumption by large point sources and organized sectors such as thermal power and steel plants, it is very difficult to assess the same from dispersed and unorganized sources such as, small and unorganized sectors by type, households, hotels, restaurants etc. This is especially true where diesel, gasoline and kerosene based generator sets that are used to provide electricity in case of grid power outages, failures and breakdowns in residential/commercial sectors and SMEs. Lack of data for this consumption is a gap area that requires further research for proper allocation of fuel sold as road consumption to residential, commercial and SME sectors, and to improve the Indian GHG inventory estimates in the process. The present study addresses this issue through a case study of Bangalore city in Karnataka, India. The study estimates fuel consumption in private diesel/gasoline/kerosene based generator sets in Bangalore city using three different approaches. The results indicate that on an average around 10% diesel and 1% of petrol sold loose at gas stations is diverted towards power backup systems in residential and commercial sectors.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59236
Title: Observations on reproductive performance of Indian mouse deer (Moschiola indica) in captivity.
Author: Swapna Parvathi, Mallikarjun Rao, Vinod Kumar, Govindhaswamy Umapathy.
Editor: R Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol 106(no. 3), pp. 439-441. 2014
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Breeding characteristics, captive breeding, mouse deer, post-partum oestrus.
Abstract: The study reports some observations on reproductive biology of mouse deer (Moschiola indica) maintained under the conservation breeding programme at the Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad. The conservation breeding programme was initiated with 6 individuals that bred in captivity reaching a total of 36 individuals within a three-year period. A total of 50 oestrus episodes were recorded from 11 females that resulted in 31 births. Females first gave birth at age of 304 days (mean = 318.6 ? 15.3 days, n=5) and had an average gestation period of 154.1 ? 3.7 days. Females showed post-partum oestrus within 6 h of fawning, which resulted in successful mating. The present observations would help in enhancing knowledge on biology and behaviour of the species that can form the basis for its effective management.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59235
Title: IGMIS - a computer-aided information system on Indian Gondwana megaspores.
Author: Nilay Govind, Rajni Tewari, S S K Pillai, Arun Joshi.
Editor: R Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol 106(no. 3), pp. 434-439. 2014
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Computer-aided information system, distribution, megaspores, morphotaxonomical characters, photo-documentation.
Abstract: The Indian Gondwana Megaspore Information System (IGMIS) is an information system developed for storage and retrieval of Indian Gondwana megaspore (female reproductive unit of early land plants) records in a selective manner. At present, it provides information on 45 genera and 159 species recorded from Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments of India. The use of the database is to store and organize information on Indian Gondwana megaspores accrued over the past 70 years. This information system is a significant step towards ensuring safety and accessibility of the data on the dispersed Indian fossil megaspores, besides providing accessibility for handling the information in future, including new and emerging types of data format. Each record has a unique code number for further reference. Addition, deletion, modificaiton and search facility are provided by this software. Additionally, search can be performed in terms of different morphotaxonomical characteristics (single or combination of characters). The program is useful for a quick and classified megaspore search on datagrid, especially of the published information on fossil megaspores and their horizontal and vertical distribution in India. The program and associated database are capable of computers-aided identification of Indian Gondwana megaspores and help avoid assigning multiple/different genera or species to the same category. Here we report our attempt to digitize and provide an updated knowledge on various aspects of Indian Gondwana megaspores, including their morphotaxonomical characters, distribution and photodocumentation in an information system.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59234
Title: Post-monsoon equilibrium beach profiles and longshore sediment transport rates at Candolim, Miramar and Keri beaches of Goa, India.
Author: Jaya Kumar Seelam, E M Yadhunath, M Jishad, R Gowthaman, C. Rajasekaran, P S Pednekar.
Editor: R Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol 106(no. 3), pp. 408-416. 2014
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Equilibrium beach profile, littoral environment, longshore sediment rate, sediment scale parameter, slope parameter.
Abstract: Equilibrium profile is one of the concepts in coastal geomorphology which is a results of the balance of destructive versus constructively forces. Two equilibrium beach profile models. viz. Bruun/Dean ' s two-third power model and modified Bodge exponential model were used to analyse the measured post-monsoon (winter) beach profiles from three beaches in Goa having varying coastal morphology settings. The major factors that affect the equilibrium beach profile. viz. the median grain size (D50) and the profile shape factor m, which are inversely proportional to each other, have been analysed for their application to the study site. Also, the variation of these two parameters with beach slope and grain size is studied. Long-shore sediment transport rates (LSTRs) are estimated at these three beaches from the littoral environmental observations. LSTRs show that during winter months, the net transport is of the order of 10.83 ? 106 m3/year (southerly transport) and 9.02 ?106 m3/year (southerly transport) respectively, at Candolim and Keri branches, whereas it is about 0.62 ? 106 m3/year (northerly transport) at Miramar. This article discusses the methods used and results of measurements of beach morphology, LSTRs, analysis of equilibrium profiles and influence of various parameters related to equilibrium profiles.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59233
Title: Integrated approach for snowmelt run-off estimation using temperature index model, remote sensing and GIS.
Author: S P Aggarwal, Praveen K Thakur, Bhaskar R Nikam, Vaibhav Garg.
Editor: R Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol 106(no. 3), pp. 397-407. 2014
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Remote sensing, snowmelt run-off, snow cover area, temperature index model.
Abstract: The snow and glacier melt run-off is one of the most important sources of freshwater for the perennial Himalayan rivers. The water from these rivers sustains billions of people in South Asia, especially during lean season. The study has been done to integrate temporal snow cover area (SCA) and digital elevation model (DEM) derived from satellite remote sensing data with Geographic Information System (GIS) and finally into temperature index-based snowmelt run-off estimation model. The study area for snowmelt run-off estimation is part of head reach sub-basins of Ganga river, i.e. Alakhnanda and Bhagirathi river basins up to Joshimath and Uttarakashi respectively. The temporal SCA (2002-07 for Bhaghirathi river and 2000, 2008 for Alakhnanda river) was derived from remote sensing data and DEM was used to find elevation zones and aspect maps. Snowmelt run-off. The daily hydro meteorological data from India Meteorological Department and Central Water Commission were used for estimating snowmelt. Overall accuracy of SRM for Alakhnanda river in terms of coefficient of correlation (R2) is 0.84 - 0.90 for years 2000 and 2008, and 0.74- 0.84 in Bhaghirathi river for 2002 -2007.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59232
Title: The rise towards excellence of social science in India : a ' Nobel ' confirmation of the value of economics and further implications.
Author: Ion Pohoata, Ionel Bostan, Radu Constantinescu.
Editor: R Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol 106(no. 3), pp. 368-373. 2014
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Economics, human, hunger and poverty, logical mathematical analysis, Nobel Prize, Senian approach.
Abstract: In this article we aim to underline a well-recognized side of social science in India, which lately has witnessed a remarkable qualitative evolution, gaining world pre-eminence. We are referring to that component of social sciences called economics, whose exceptional value was recognized at the beginning of the third millenium with a well-deserved Nobel Prize. Of course, if we are to debate on such a theme, we shall have to take a close look at the work of the Indian economist, Amartya Sen, but we will also undertake an analysis of the Indian culture and economic thinking as a whole . We, as European researchers who study what is valuable around the world (according to our specialization), do notice that Indian culture and economic thinking, followed, to a certain extent, the trend of the ' old continent ' (Europe), obviously including Marxism in its different facets. On the other hand, we notice that India never lacked ' great names ' in the area of economic science, especially in the mathematical logic field. The schools of Delhi and Calcutta are some of the most important centres of development of economic thinking, not just for India but for the entire Asia, enjoying the recognition of researchers in the field from Western Europe and USA. Therefore, we considered a brief insight into the evolution of economic thinking in India as appropriate. Finally, we would like underline, as much as possible, the impact of the paradigm change generated by Amartya Sen and his research on freedom, poverty and social choices.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59231
Title: Solar photovoltaic-powered ventilation and cooling system of a greenhouse.
Author: P K Sharma, D V K Samuel.
Editor: R Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol 106(no. 1), pp. 305-309. 2014
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Solar photovoltaic-powered ventilation, cooling system of greenhouse.
Abstract: Greenhouse technology is a major break-through in the field of agriculture as it gives higher productivity of crops and flowers and also promotes off-seasonal cultivatio. This technology is important for a developing country like India, whose population is increasing a pressure on land available for cultivation inside a greenhouse, an artifical microclimate is required which may be maintained using a suitable heating or cooling system with humidity control depending upon the climate is hot for greater part of the year, except during the winter.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59230
Title: Land Use Land Cover Dynamics in Rapidly Urbanising Landscape.
Author: T V Ramachandra, H A Bharath, S Vinay.
Editor: Ajay Kumar
Year: 2014
Publisher: Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology (SCIT)
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: SCIT Journal Vol XIII , pp. 01-12. 2014
Subject: An assorted collection of articles in IT & Business, by practicing professionals and students.
Keywords: Belgaum, Land Use, Land Cover, Urbanisation, Urban Sprawl, Landscape Metrics, Remote Sensing, Geoinformatics.
Abstract: Landscape transformations in the rapidly urbanising landscape are the most dynamic process affecting the local ecology and environment. The urbanised landscape do provide to its inhabitants the complex social and economic environment leading to further increase in population. Consequences of the uplanned urbanisation are enhanced pollution levels, lack of adequate infrastructure and basic amenities. This necessitates understanding of spatial patterns of the growth for an effective urban planning . This communication analyses the landscape dynamics of Belgaum City with 5 km buffer using Shannon ' s entropy and explores landscape patterns through spatial metrics applied to the temporal land use data. Remote sensing data accquired at regular intervals through satellite borne sensors enables the synoptic monitoring of urban growth patterns and dynamics of the landscape and quantification of patterns through metrics helps in the understanding of urbanisation process. This communication focuses on the monitoring of land use and land cover dynamics of Belgaum City with a buffer of 5km. Land cover analysis is done through the slope based vegetation indices show a decline of vegetation from 98.8% (1989) to 91.74% (in 2012). Temporal land use analysis reveal that the increase of urban pockets (built up and other paved surfaces) from 0.31% (1989) to 6.74% (2012), the tree cover has decreased from 4.62% (in 1989) to 2.44% (in 2006). Direction wise gradient analysis through spatial metrics and the Shannon entropy highlight an increase of fragmented growth during post 2000 in all directions.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59229
Title: A doyen of Indian botanists: H Y Mohan Ram.
Author: Ramesh Maheshwari, K R Shivanna, R Dore Swamy, K. Shankara Rao, Gita Mathur.
Editor: R Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol 106(no. 2), pp. 305-309. 2014
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Indian botanists, H Y Mohan Ram.
Abstract: Holenarasipur Yoganarasimham Mohan Ram, fondly referred to as HYM (Figure 1), belongs to the rare category of general botanists that is rapidly becoming extinct. He has completed 83 years. On this occasion, we offer this academic tribute, sauteed with personal anecdotes for transmitting to us his passion for plants in general, and of the flora of Amazon and of Malabar in Kerala, in particular. We briefly summarize his major research contributions on folwer colour, sex expression in flowering plants, and in vitro culture of bamboo and aquatic angiosperms. Additionally, we sum up what each of us has learnt from him over informal meeting when ever he visits Bangalore and reflect on our perceptions of HYM as a general botanist and a humanist.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59228
Title: Screening of soil for assessment of toxicity of heavy metals to organisms.
Author: J K Saha, N Panwar.
Editor: R Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol 106(no. 2), pp. 300-304. 2014
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Food contamination, heavy metals, microbial activity, screening, phytotoxicity, soil test.
Abstract: Regular use of compost prepared from municipal solid waste is associated with the entry of heavy metals into the soil, which poses considerable risks to different components of the environment. Total metal content does not generally reflect the availability of metals for the expression the environmental risk because of rapid and strong interactions of the metals with different constituents of soil. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine screening levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn for a susceptible soil by following a widely recommended soil test procedure involving the extraction of these heavy metals with a dilute calcium chloride solution. Separate sets of pot-culture experiments were carried out for each of these heavy metals in graded dose levels (Cd ar 0.02 - 20 mg kg-1, Cr at 0.4 - 200 mg kg-1, Cu at 1.6 - 800 mg kg-1, Ni at 0.5 - 250 mg kg-1, Pb at 0.4 - 150 mg kg-1 and Zn at 4.6 -1000 mg kg-1) added to an acidic, light-textured alluvial soil. Soil test screening levels were determined through three different approaches, namely, phytotoxicity, food contamination and soil microbial activity diminution. Except Pb, all other heavy metals significantly reduced the above-ground biomass growth of spinach. Activities of soil enzymes were determined through food contamination and soil microbial activity diminution were much lower than those deternined by three different approaches were considered to be protective for all target organisms and were found to be: 0.003 mg kg-1 Cd, 0.052 mg kg-1Cr, 0.637 mg kg-1Cu, 0.022 mg kg-1Ni, 0.008 mg kg-1 Pb and 3.800 mg kg-1Zn.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None