ID: 59001
Title: Developing a gross primary production model for coniferous forests of northeastern USA from MODIS data.
Author: Nasreen Jahan, Thian Yew Gan.
Editor: F. van der Meer.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation Vol 25, pp. 11-20 (2013)
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation.
Keywords: Coniferous forest, Gross primary production, MODIS, Land surface temperature, NIR albedo, Enhanced vegetation index, Global vegetation moisture index.
Abstract: Accurate estimation of ecosystem carbon fluxes is crucial for understanding the feedbacks between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere and for making climate-policy decisions. A statistical model is developed to estimate the gross primary production (GPP) of coniferous forests of northeastern USA using remotely sensed (RS) radiation (land surface temperature and near-infrared albedo) and ecosystem variables (enhanced vegetation index and global vegetation moisture index) acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. This GPP model (called R-GPP-Coni), based only on remotely sensed data, was first calibrated with GPP estimates derived from the eddy covariance flux tower of the Howland forest west tower site, Duke pine forest and North Carolina loblolly pine site, which demonstrate its transferability to other coniferous ecoregions of northeastern USA. The proposed model captured the seasonal dynamics of the observed 8-day GPP successfully by explaining 84-94% of the observed variations with a root mean squared error (RMSE) ranging from 1.10 to 1.64g C/m2/day over the 4 study sites and outperformed the primary RS-based GPP algorithm of MODIS.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59000
Title: Rectilinear building roof contour extraction basee on snakes and dynamic programming.
Author: Antonio Juliano Fazan, Aluir Porfirio Dal Poz.
Editor: F. van der Meer.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation Vol 25, pp. 1-10 (2013)
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation.
Keywords: Snakes, Dynamic programming, Building extraction, Image analysis.
Abstract: This paper presents a method for extracting building roof contours from digital images collected over urban landscapes. The proposed method utilizes an energy function based on snakes that represents building roof contours in digital images and is optimized with a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. Because most building roof contours are characterised by rectilinear sides that intercept at right angles, appropriate geometric constraints are enforced in the previously reported snake-based energy function. The main advantage of using the DP algorithm for optimizing the proposed snake-based energy function is its better radius of convergence compared to that typically obtained in the original solution based on variational approaches. Experimental evaluation, which included visual inspections and numerical analyses, was performed using real data, and the obtained results demonstrated that the proposed method has significant potential for successfully extracting building roof contours from digital images.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58999
Title: Analysis of Fluoride Ion Concentration from Salt Pans to Marakkanam, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu.
Author: R Sundarakumar, S Ponnusamy.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 551-553 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Fluoride, Salt pans, Fluorosis, Marakkanam.
Abstract: Fluorine is and important trace element that forms fluoride compounds. Fluoride as salt is known for both positive and negative effects on human health. Deficiency of fluoride leads to dental caries and excess causes a severe disease called fluorosis. Intake of fluoride rich food is also responsible for fluorosis. WHO recommendation for the permissible limit of fluoride is 1.5 mg/L. The saline water and salt samples collected from Marakkanam, Villupuram District were studied with special reference to the fluoride content. The samples were drawn in the pre-monsoon period comprising eight days during May 2011. The findings revealed that the concentration of fluoride was between 0.9 mg/L and 1.4 mg/L, which is within the permissible limits. The concentration of fluoride ion increased in the salt water till the start of crystallization, which subsequently decreased with an increase in salt formation.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58998
Title: Biodiversity of Algal Flora in River Chambal at Kota, Rajasthan.
Author: Meera Bhatnagar, Nilima Bhardwaj.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 547-549 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: River Chambal, Algal flora, Biodiversity.
Abstract: Phytoplankton, represented mainly by algae, form a significant part of the food web and, therefore, information on their population is important in wetland management. Phytoplankton are very sensitive to any environmental change since they quickly response to any alteration or changes in the environment. The plankton population observation or biological analysis is reliable tool for biomonitoring to assess the status and quality of aquatic bodies. The present study is aimed to determine the algal diversity and quality of water in Chambal river at Kota, Rajasthan. The algal and water samples were collected at monthly intervals from different areas located in upstream and downstream of the River Chambal. In the present study Palmer ' s biotic index has been used to assess the quality of water. The algal flora of four sites of four sites of river reveales 70 species belonging to four classes.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58997
Title: Effects of Planting Patterns on Leaf Area Index, Ground Dry Matter and Yield of Summer Maize.
Author: Shun Sheng Wang, Chuan Chang Gao, Xing Wang.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 543-545 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Summer maize, Trapezoidal ridge, V-ridge, Leaf area index, Yield.
Abstract: In order to probe the influence of different ridge tillage planting mode of summer maize, the study has been conducted on leaf area index, ground dry matter accumulation and yield of contrast. The results indicate that in the whole growth period of summer maize, leaf area index of ridge tillage cultivation is increased relative to that in traditional flat cultivation. The maximum difference is 0.43. Leaf area index of trapezoidal ridge tillage cultivation is higher than that of V-ridge, with the biggest difference of 0.23. Ground dry matter accumulation and yield of ridge tillage cultivation are higher than traditional flatten culture, and the planting mode of trapezoidal ridge tillage is better than V-ridge tillage. On the basis of the experimental results, it is suggested that the trapezoid ridge tillage planting of summer corn is suitable to extend widely in the western region of China.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58996
Title: Study on the Technology of Vortex Clarification and its Application in Wastewater Treatment
Author: Tong Zhengong.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 537-542 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Micro vortex reactor, Coagulation, Flocculation, Clarification.
Abstract: After a brief introduction to the core parts of vortex coagulation technology, like the characteristics of vortex reactor, and its working mechanism with contact -flocculation and vortex coagulation, this paper emphasizes that the critical point of the vortex clarification technology is the micro vortex coagulation. Also it tells us the application of clarification tank in wastewater reuse plant. After alteration of the standard clarification tank in which the micro vortex reactor has been put into the first and second flocculation areas and the inclined pipes into the sedimentation area, the treatment scale of the vortex clarification tank is increased, and the effluent turbidity of the tank is lower than 3 NTU, the effluent turbidity of finished water is lower than 1 NTU and the investment of per ton micro-vortex water is lower than 50 Yuan RMB. The paper argues that in comparison to other coagultion efficiency, shorter reactivity time, better quality of finished water, stronger adaptive capability, and more conveniences in construction and the like.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58995
Title: Heavy Metals in Deep Seated Groundwater in Northern Anhui Province, China: Quality and Background.
Author: Linhua Sun, Herong Gui, Weihua Peng, Manli Lin.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 533-536 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Anhui Province, Heavy metal, Groundwater quality, Environment background.
Abstract: Forty-five deep seated groundwater samples from these aquifers in two coal mines (Wolonghu and Baishan), norhtern Anhui Province, China have been measured for four kinds of heavy metal(Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni) concentrations for evaluation of quality and, establishment of environmental background values by using model based objective methods. The resuts suggest that these groundwater samples are of excellent quality relative to the quality standard of ground water establishment by Chinese government, and most of them can be used for drinking directly according to their low concentrations of heavy metals. Moreover, they are considered to be representative of ' pristine ' state because they are far away from anthropogenic contribution and therefore, they can be used for environmental background estimation. The threshold of Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni between natural and abnormal for anthropogenic are calculated to be 17.4, 64.9, 3.9 and 71.1?g/L by using model based objective methods, respectively.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58994
Title: Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Coal Industry.
Author: Qian Hong-wei, Yin Xiang-ju.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 529-532 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Coal Industry, Strategic environmental assessment, Industrial environment.
Abstract: The application of strategic environmental assessment of coal industry to improve industrial environment and adjust industrial structure is urgently needed. First, a combination of practical situations of coal industry and theory-based dynamic method of strategic environmental assessment would enable a further development of related strategic environmental assessment that could be applied more effectively when deals with coal industry in practice. Second, based on modern ecological and environmental aspects and associated mechanisms. Third, strategic environmental assessment, as well as traditional prevention and control research, could be used as indicators of the development trend of coal industry. Our results showed that when strategic environmental assessment was applied to coal industry, it could provide a strong methodology guidance and help reveal potential mechanisms. On the other hand, from the perspective of model ecological theory, strategic environmental assessment could reflect the applicability and feasibility of related theories in practice.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58993
Title: Toxic Effects of Aluminium and Fluoride on Planktonic Community of the Microcosms.
Author: Neha Upreti, Shweta Sharma, Subhasini Sharma, K P Sharma.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 523-528 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Aluminium, Fluoride Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Microcosms.
Abstract: Aluminium and fluoride were found toxic to phytoplankton, periphyton and zooplanktom in the microcosms raised in the greenhouse. The toxicity of aluminium was relatively higher than fluoride, more particularly, during winter season. There were significant reduction in counts of phytoplankton (49-80%), periphyton (algae=40-68%, zooplankton=35-75%) and zooplankton (5-77%) in the treatments in comparison to controls. As a result, Reciprocal Simpson index, Equitability index and Shanon-Weiner index decreased. Such changes will affect energy flow in the microcosms.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58992
Title: Photocatalytic Degradation of Hazardous Dye Acridine Orange Using Semiconductor Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Under Visible Light.
Author: David Swami, Pramod Pandit.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 517-522 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Photo-catalytic degradation, Titanium dioxide, Acridine orange, Advanced oxidation process.
Abstract: Inordinate population growth and advanced technological development, at one hand bettered the life of human and on the other hand it is greatly damaging the environment. In the present work the study of hazardous synthetic dyes, especially used in textile and leather industries, has been carried out. These dyes in wastewater are principal cause of pollution in water bodies of human use. The most effective decompostion of Acridine Orange dye was observed with catalyst amount 300 mg/100 mL with 3.8 ? 10-5 mole dm-3 initial dye concentration at pH 9. The rate of reaction increases as the concentration of H2O2 increases and reaches the optimum at 9 ? 10-6 mole dm-3. As the irradiation time increased, dye molecules got degraded and the estimated COD value decreases from 184 mg/L to 0 mg/L, and CO2 value increases from 55 mg/L to 242 mg/L in 6 hours of illumination.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58991
Title: Water Quality Modelling of a Stretch of River Kshipra (India)
Author: R C Gupta, Ajay K Gupta, R K Shrivastava.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 511-516 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Water quality modeling, Kshipra River, QUAL-2Kw Calibration, Simulation.
Abstract: River Kshipra is recieving a large volume of untreated sewage daily in its stretch of Ujjain city and the status of water is pathetic during low flow season. A stream water quality model QUAL-2Kw was used in the present study to simulate the contributions from different sources and sinks of dissolved oxygen and to understand the interactions among them. The model was calibrated and validated and the simulated results are in general agreement with measured water quality in River Kshipra. It was established through this study that the QUAL-2Kw model can be used for future river water quality management options for River Kshipra with reasonable accuracy.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58990
Title: Effects of Forest Communities and Various Depths on Soil Enzyme Activities in the Hyrcanian Forest.
Author: Sima Bargrizan, Mohammad Matinizadeh, Anoushrivan Shirvany.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 503-509 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Forest communities, Hycranian forest, Soil enzyme activities.
Abstract: Detailed information on soil quality can be ascertained by measuring soil enzymatic activities, which are often affected by soil biological chemical processes and depth. This study investigates the activity of four enzymes, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase in three various tree communities; Parrotio-Fagetum, Parrotio-Carpinetum, and Parrotietum at 0-20 cm depth with and without rhizosphere and 20-40 cm depth in the Kheyrud forest, Northern Iran. We found the higher enzyme activities in rhizosphere than without rhizosphere in all the communities. Soil enzyme activities decreased with increasing soil depths. There was a significant difference in acid phosphatase between 0-20 cm without rizhosphere and 20-40 cm. these findings were attributed to the observation that root propogation was reduced across the depths. Alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase, both showed a significant difference in activity among the communities, but acid phosphatase and urease did not. Microorganisms producing alkaline phospatase and dehydrogenase were found to be significantly affected by the vegetation. Alkaline phosphatase activity in both depths and dehydrogenase at 0-20 cm with and without rhizosphere were greater in Parrotietum than those of Parrotio-Fagetum and Parrotio-Carpinetum. It appeared that the microbial community in Parrotitum was much greater than the other two types.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58989
Title: Fuzzy Evaluation and Analysis of Surface Water.
Author: Jihong Zhou, Yuanzhi Li , Xumin Tian.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 497-502 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Fuzzy evaluation, Surface water quality, Handan city.
Abstract: The comprehensive evaluation, was made in this paper. According to the monitoring data, selecting seven evaluation factors, namely, permanganate index, BOD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia, fluoride and dissolved oxygen, weight matrix has been established for each factor, and the weight of each factor was obtained in the assessment of water quality. Then using the membership function in fuzzy mathematics, computed the data measured, and obtained the corresponding water level. The result of the evaluation shows that the water qualilty of Handan city is V level, severely polluted, and it becomes a security risk to the residents drinking water. Besides, it can be used as the scientific basis for water quality control.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58988
Title: A Finite Difference Model on Atmospheric Pollution and its Application.
Author: Changjun Zhu, Ming Liu, Wenlong Hao.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 493-496 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Air pollution, Finite difference, Truncation error.
Abstract: In view of near-ground atmospheric problem, near-ground atmospheric pollution model was established. Because the applicability of analytical solutions is extremely limited for such conditions, and the distribution and transport of pollutants in air are controlled by geographical conditions, numerical techniques are essential for air pollution modelling. In this paper, finite differential method is used to establish plane two-dimensional numerical model of near-ground atmospheric pollution belt, and truncation errors associated with finite-different solution of atmospheric pollution were corrected based on the Taylor analysis. The results indicate that this method provides the references for the forecast of pollutants and the management and evaluation of air resources.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58987
Title: Comparative Study of the Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Called Kawthar from Some Commercial Treatment Plants in Taiz City, Yemen.
Author: Wadie Ahmed Al-Shargabi, Raya Al-Ansi.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 487-491 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Kawthar water, Drinking water quality, Bottled drinking water, Taiz city.
Abstract: Water supply in Taiz city contains high concentration of different elements so it is not suitable for drinking purpose, therefore, the people in the city depend upon commercial water from different units of water treatment. This type of water is commonly called Kawthar. Water quality with regards to pH, Cl2, HCO3, hardness, Ca, Mg, NO3, TS, TASA (total anions of strong acid), coliform group and E.coli was tested. There were variations in some physico-chemical characteristics in the samples but the concentration of these parameters was within the permissible limit of WHO. The reason for this is that all waters used for the treatment were brought from groundwater of good quality from outside the city. Bacterial parameters did not show any growth in coliform group and E.coli and in MPN test show results within the permissible limit, except in K7 and K8 samples. Relation among water quality parameters reveals a significant positive correlation between pH and TASA, TS, SO4 and hardness. Total hardness shows a positive correlation with TS. SO4 shows a positive correlation with TASA.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None