ID: 65485
Title: Impact Study Of An Amended Mixture Of Municipal Solid Waste And Sand On The Germination And Growth Of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Author: Nisha Gupta and Manisha Agrawal
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1372-1379 2021.
Subject: Impact Study Of An Amended Mixture Of Municipal Solid Waste And Sand On The Germination And Growth Of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Keywords: FTIR, municipal solid waste, Germination, Nutrient, antioxidant, humic acid
Abstract: The present study deals with germination and seedling growth of seed in various proportions by mixing of municipal solid waste (MSW) of two dumpsites Kundrapara and Potiya, in the sand, as replacement of fertilizer. Five combinations were established based on the addition of increasing quantities of sand to the MSW ratio 100:0 (K1, P1), 75:25 (K2, P2), 50:50 (K3, P3), 25:75 (K4, P4) and 0:100 (K5, P5). A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of MSW on the germination and growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed, in which K1, P1 treatment was control treatment. Physical properties, presence of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) and macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and FTIR analysis of MSW of both dumpsites were determined and compared. Percentage of germination, vigor index, shoot length, roots length, stem diameter, number of leaves and wet biomass were measured as germination parameters. Biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, carbohydrate, protein and lipid content per plant were determined and subjected to statistical analysis, ANOVA for £ 0.05 at a 95% confidence level. The best results were obtained in which bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds were grown in a mixture of sand and MSW. The treatment 50:50 (P3) municipal solid waste of P2 (MSW2) and 0:100 (K5) of municipal solid waste K1 (MSW1) treatments had the best result than the control treatment. Simultaneously, the FTIR spectra of MSW1 and MSW2 confirmed the presence of humic acid as a plant nutrient. Thus MSW may have the potential to enhance the quality of the sand and to increase the fertility of mixture. MSW may be recognized as a substitute for fertilizer to increase nutrient content and enhance crop production.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Karak, T., R.M. Bhagat and P. Bhattacharya. 2012. Municipal solid waste generation, composition and management : The world scenario. Critical Reviews Env. Sci. Tech., 42(15):1509-1630.
Chouaki, M.S., et al. 2019. A study of the impact of municipal solid waste on some soil physico-chemical properties: The case of the landfill of Ain-El-Hammam Municipality, Algeria. Appl. Env. Soil. Sci. DOI: 10.1155/2019/3560456.
Literature cited 2: Ogundele, O.M., O.M. Rapheal and A.M. Abiodum. 2018. Effects of municipal waste disposal methods on community health in Ibadan, Nigeria. Polytechnica. 1:61-72.
Abdel-Shafya, H.I. and M.S.M. Mansour. 2018. Solid waste issue: Sources, composition, disposal, recycling and valorization. Egyptian J. Petroleum. 27(4):1275-1290.
ID: 65484
Title: Photo-Electrocatalytic Degradation Of Aqueous Rhodamine B Dye Using Titanium Electrodes Coated With RuO2/IrO2/TaO2
Author: R. Rathinam, T. Brindha, M. Petchiammal and A. Mohamed Ibrahim
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1365-1371 2021.
Subject: Photo-Electrocatalytic Degradation Of Aqueous Rhodamine B Dye Using Titanium Electrodes Coated With RuO2/IrO2/TaO2
Keywords: Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation, Rhodamine B dye, RuO2/IrO2/TaO2 coated titanium electrode, Colour removal
Abstract: This work is focused on the study of photoelectrocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye by RuO2/IrO2/TaO2 coated titanium electrodes. Combining electrochemical and photo-catalysis technologies called photo- electrocatalytic technology offers the opportunity to separate electron–hole, photo-generated and promote the formation of highly reactive, oxidizing species that contribute e-/h+ and to prevent their recombination. Experiment was carried out with various operating parameters, such as initial pH, applied current density, dye concentration, supporting electrolyte concentration, stirring speed and treatment time. The experimental results revealed that colour removal efficiency increases with increase in current density and NaCl concentration, while it was found to decrease with increase in initial dye concentration. Under neutral medium, the decolourization efficiency reached 100% in 30 min of electrolysis time. The pH was found to be an important parameter for the process; the maximum efficiency of colour removal was achieved at pH 7.0. The GC-MS confirms the degradation of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Anwer, H. et al. 2019. Photocatalysts for degradation of dyes in industrial effluents: Opportunities and challenges. Nano res., 12: 955-972.
Moses, G., et al. 2017. Photoelectrocatalytic water treatment systems: Degradation, kinetics and intermediate products studies of sulphametho-xazole on a TiO2–exfoliated graphite electrode. RSC Adv., 7: 40571-40580.
Literature cited 2: Neppolian, B., et al. 2002. Solar/UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of three commercial textile dye. J. Hazard. Mater., 89 (2-3): 303-317.
Rathinam, R., et al. 2016. Decolourization of Rhodamine B from aqueous by electrochemical oxidation using graphite electrodes. Des. Water Treat., 57: 16995 -17001.
ID: 65483
Title: Life Cycle Assessment Of Coal Production At XYZ Ltd., In South Borneo
Author: Muhammad Qola Ariansyah Damanik, Lina Karlinasari and Jessica Hanafi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1360-1364 2021.
Subject: Life Cycle Assessment Of Coal Production At XYZ Ltd., In South Borneo
Keywords: Coal production, Global warming potential, Life cycle assessment
Abstract: Coal is an energy source that is still an option in the industry and is obtained through mining activities. Mining management and planning if not done properly will have an impact on the environment. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the potential environmental impacts of the coal production process. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method used to analyze the environmental impact caused by the procurement of raw materials, production processes and product usage. LCA consists of four stages, namely goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and life cycle interpretation. The LCA study, in this case, used the scope of cradle to gate problems carried out at the processing coal mining. The study results show that the potential for global warming is the biggest impact with a total value of 923,284,331 kg CO2 eq followed by 6,935,573 kg SO2 eq and eutrophication of 1,615,406 kg PO4 eq in the second and third positions, respectively. The potential for reducing emissions can be done by developing technology by replacing fuel sources and using effective coal extraction equipment.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: USEIA. 2016. International energy outlook. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Washington D.C.
Haryadi, H. and M. Suciyanti. 2018. Analysis of the estimated coal demand for the domestic industry in 2020-2035 in support of domestic market bond policies and national energy policies. J. Mineral Coal Tech., 14(1):59-73.
Literature cited 2: Setneg RI. 2009. Law number 4 of 2009 about mineral and coal mining. State Secretary of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Dontala, S.P., T.B. Reddy and R. Vadde. 2015. Environmental aspects and impacts its mitigation measures of corporate coal mining. Procedia Earth Planetary Sci., 11:2-7.
ID: 65482
Title: Assessment Of Natural Radioactivity And Radiological Hazards In Different Ceramic Tile Samples Collected From Nigerian Markets
Author: Adewoyin Olusegun Oladotun, Omeje Maxwell, E.S. Joel, M.R. Usikalu, S.A. Akinwumi and T.A. Adagunodo
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1352-1359 2021.
Subject: Assessment Of Natural Radioactivity And Radiological Hazards In Different Ceramic Tile Samples Collected From Nigerian Markets
Keywords: Radionuclides, Radiological hazards, Radiometric analysis, Gamma-index, External hazard index
Abstract: This study presents the assessment of radiometric analysis conducted to determine the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides and the possible radiological hazards in ceramic tiles that are available in the Nigerian markets. The analysis was carried out on twelve tiles using gamma ray spectrometer. The tiles were grouped into three classes according to their country of production-locally made tiles, Indian and Chinese products. The results obtained revealed the activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K to be in the range of 35.64-112.35, 33.20-81.54 and 134.10-663.07 Bq/kg for Nigeria products and a range of 18.68-94.47, 68.60-104.28 and 351.90-787.77 Bq/kg for both Indian and Chinese products, respectively. Further study was carried out to compare the components of the tiles available in Nigeria with the ones imported to other countries by both India and China, it was observed that the activity concentrations of Indian products are far higher than their products in Nigeria while in Chinese products the concentrations are far lower than what is available in the market in Nigeria. Moreover, the results of the radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, external hazard index and gamma-index revealed that the quality of tiles imported to Nigeria from India and China are far safer than their products in other international markets. Indian products in the international market pose more risk to the users than their Chinese counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that the Nigerian government should encourage locally made tiles and in the case of importation, Chinese tiles are highly recommended.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pavlidou, S., A. Koroneos and G. Christofides. 2005. Imported plutonic rocks used in Greece as building materials : Mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry and physico-mechanical properties. Mineral Wealth. 135:37-54.
Ghosh, D., et al. 2008. Assessment of alpha activity of building materials commonly used in West Bengal.
Literature cited 2: Todorovic, N., et al. 2017. Concentration of 236Ra, 232Th and 40K in industrial kaolinized granite. J. Env. Radioactivity. 168:10-14.
Righi, S. and L. Bruzzil. 2006. Natural radioactivity and radon exhalation in building materials used in Italian dwellings. J. Env. Radioactivity. 88:158-170.
ID: 65481
Title: Environmental Impact Of Electric Vehicles Battery
Author: R. S. Sandhya Devi, P. Sivakumar and B. Vinod
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1345-1351 2021.
Subject: Environmental Impact Of Electric Vehicles Battery
Keywords: Environmental, Electric vehicle, Battery, Recycling
Abstract: Environmental pollution and high fuel costs have increased demands for an alternative energy source for transportation. Battery will be key element of alternative vehicles. Used electric vehicle batteries could be a critical and inexpensive part of the solution. In this paper, the environmental performance of electricity storage using a life cycle assessment methodology analyze the impacts of the construction, disposal/ end of life and usage of each of the systems. Batteries are identified as a problem material in the waste stream. Batteries are made from a variety of chemicals to power their reactions. Some of these chemicals, such as nickel and cadmium, are extremely toxic and can cause damage to humans and the environment. In particular, they can cause soil and water pollution and endanger wildlife. The environmental impacts assessed are climate change, human toxicity, particulate matter formation and fossil resource depletion. Determining which battery technology is to be used preferably in electric vehicles and to indicate how to further improve the overall environmental friendliness of electric vehicles in the future. There is considerable scientific, political and public interest in the potential of electric vehicles (EV) as replacements for internal combustion engine vehicles. Depending on the electricity mix used, these vehicles could potentially offer considerably reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Battery-powered electric cars (BEVs) play a key role in future mobility scenarios. However, little is known about the environmental impacts of the production, use and disposal of the lithium ion (Li-ion) battery. The major contributor to the environmental burden caused by the battery is the supply of copper and aluminum for the production of the anode and the cathode, plus the required cables or the battery management system. This study provides a sound basis for more detailed environmental assessments of battery-based e-mobility.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Nordelof, A., et al. 2014. Environmental impacts of hybrid, plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicle what can we learn from life cycle assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 19(11):1866-1890.
Sivakumar, P., B. Vinod and R.S. Devi. 2018. Environmental factor considerations for future automotive industry. Ecol. Env. Conser., 24:186-194.
Literature cited 2: Basbas, S., et al. 2015. Investigation for the implementation of low emission zone in the centre of Volos, Greece. J. Env. Prot. Ecol., 16(2):407-416.
Frischknecht, R. and K. Flurry. 2011. Life cycle assessment of electric mobility : Answers and challenges-Zurich. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 16(7): 691-695.
ID: 65480
Title: Determination Of Water Quality Index Based On Seasonal Variations In Water Bodies Around The Open Dump Yard Of Silchar, Assam
Author: Mausam Kumar Paul and Mithra Dey
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1336-1344 2021.
Subject: Determination Of Water Quality Index Based On Seasonal Variations In Water Bodies Around The Open Dump Yard Of Silchar, Assam
Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, Water quality index, Municipal solid waste, Pollution, Environment
Abstract: Unscientific dumping of solid waste is a threat to the environment which causes an ecological imbalance with soil, water and air. The present study has been carried out to address the impact of solid waste disposal on seasonal water quality and the determination of the water quality index of the water bodies around the open municipality dump yard in Silchar city, Assam, India. Five sampling and three control points were selected from the different water bodies and analysed for selected physico-chemical parameters, like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, free CO2, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate and accordingly water quality index has been calculated based on the seasonal data following standard methods. Most of the parameters of the sample sites exceeded the WHO standard limit for drinking water. The water quality index of the control sites was found good in all the seasons in contrast to the sample sites. Therefore, to protect the environment, it is very important to adopt proper scientific practices for waste disposal.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Manohara, B. and S.L. Belagali. 2014. Characterization of essential nutrients and heavy metals during municipal solid waste composting. Int. J. Innovative Res. Sci., Eng., Tech., 3(2):9664-9672.
Singhal, S. and S. Pandey. 2001. Solid waste management in India: Status and future directions. TERI Information Monit. Env. Res. Tech., 6(1):1-4.
Literature cited 2: Choudhury, M. and M. Choudhury. 2014. Trends of urban solid waste management in Agartala city, Tripura, India. Universal J. Env. Res. Tech., 4(4).
Pandey, S.K., P. Tyagi and A.K. Gupta. 2007. Municipal soild waste management in Ghazipur city-A case study. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 2(6):41-43.
ID: 65479
Title: Biomass Derived Adsorbent For The Removal Of Methylene Blue Dye From Wastewater
Author: Irshad Ahmad, Shagufta, Bong-Sik Kim, Sofia Rahman, Shimy Mathew and Bhoomendra A. Bhongade
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1323-1334 2021.
Subject: Biomass Derived Adsorbent For The Removal Of Methylene Blue Dye From Wastewater
Keywords: Methylene blue, Adsorption, Synthetic dye, Cationic dye, Water purification, Biomass, Eucalyptus leaf
Abstract: Dyes are hazardous pollutants commonly found in dye industry wastewaters and require complex and expensive removal technologies. Our research goal to search for an alternative cheap and eco-friendly adsorbents for wastewater treatment motivated us to explore the application of untreated eucalyptus leaf fibers for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by adsorption technique. The influence of various experimental factors, such as contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature and pH of the dye solution in the adsorption process was investigated. The experimental results showed that the extent of adsorption was dependent on dye concentration, contact time, pH, temperature and eucalyptus leaf fiber dose. The equilibrium adsorption data was analyzed using Freundlich, Temkin and Langmuir isotherms and based on the linearized correlation coefficient, the Freundlich equation is the best fit (R2=0.984) to the experimental data in comparison to the other isotherm models. The equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) increases with the increase in the initial concentration of the dye and decreases with the adsorbent dosage. In this study, the pseudo-second order kinetic model is acceptable (R2 = 1) under different adsorbent dosage and dye concentrations. Furthermore, the calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) is 0.893 mg/g which is very similar to the actual amount of adsorption equilibrium (0.878 mg/g). The results obtained in this study indicated that eucalyptus leaf fiber is a low cost and effective adsorbent and a suitable alternative to expensive adsorbents in the treatment of dye industry wastewater.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Lellis, B., C.Z.F. Polonio and J. Polonio. 2019. Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organism. Biotech. Res. Innovation. 3(2):275-290.
Pathania, D., S. Sharma and P. Singh. 2017. Removal of methylene blue by adsorption onto activated carbon developed from Ficus carica bast. Arabian J. Chem., 10:S1445-S1451.
Literature cited 2: Marrakchi, F., et al. 2017. Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from chitosan flakes via single-step sodium hydroxide activation for the adsorption of methylene blue. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 98:233-239.
Kant, R. 2012. Textile dyeing industry an environmental hazard. Natural Sci., 4:22-26.
ID: 65478
Title: Isolation, Identification And Characterisation Of Polyphenol Degrading Bacteria From Leather Industrial Sludge
Author: Roselin K. and J. Caroline Rose
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (11) Nov. 21 page 1316-1320 2021.
Subject: Isolation, Identification And Characterisation Of Polyphenol Degrading Bacteria From Leather Industrial Sludge
Keywords: Bacillus species, Enrichment media, Polyphenol, Sludge, Leather industrial effluent, Genbank
Abstract: Polyphenol is one of the organic pollutants in tanning industrial wastewaters, especially in leather industries. Biological treatment is one of the considerable choices for removal of polyphenol present in these wastewaters. Identification of effective microbial species is considered as one of the important priorities to remove the polyphenol with the help of biological reactions. The basic purpose of this research is to identify polyphenol-degrading micro-organisms from leather industrial sludge. Basal salt media and polyphenol were successfully employed for selection of bacterial strains capable of dissimilating polyphenol. Ions, especially chloride, copper and chromium impart hardness to water. The results revealed that the concentrations of ions were more than the prescribed limit before biological treatment and the values decreased to the limit of the standard values after the biological treatment at pH 6.5 after 120 hr. The Cr concentration was significantly reduced to 6.2±0.05 mg/L after 120 hr at 320C after 120 hr of incubation. In the present study, the value was near 2870 mg/L, which indicated that the water hardness was very high. An isolate from the sludge show maximum polyphenol, chloride (1560 mg/L), fluoride (43±0.45 mg/L), chromium (8±0.82 mg/L) reduction at pH 6.5 and it was designated as isolate-1. Bacillus species was isolated using plate enrichment method from sludge of leather industries. The biochemical characteristic analysis of this isolate was shown as Gram-positive cocci. Further 16s rRNA was sequenced and polyphenol relationship was compared to the internal transcribed spacer of the related sequences assigned in the Genbank database. The present study reveals that the isolated strain was identified as Bacillus spp., with the accession SAMN12630611.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Vasuki, Ramachandran. 2007. Biodegradation. 18(4):465-472.
Buljan, J. and I. Kral. 2011. Introduction to treatment of tannery effluents. United Nations Industrial Development organization (UNIDO), Veinna.
Literature cited 2: Jalandhar. 2008. Biological treatment of tannery wastewater for sulphide removal. Int. J. Chem. Sci., 6:472-486.
Khan, S.R., et al. 1999. Environmental impacts and mitigation costs associated with cloth and leather exports from Pakistan. Project on building capacity for trade and sustainable development in developing countries, Islamabad. A report on trade and sustainable development submitted by Sustainable Development policy. Institute IUCNP to IISD Canada for the IISD/ICUN/IDRG. Available at : https:// googl/3s8TDD.
ID: 65477
Title: Ramification Of Unbridled Urbanization In Kolkata : A Study On The Increased Air Pollution And Health Issues
Author: Sharmistha Basu and Suman Bose
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (11) Nov. 21 page 1310-1315 2021.
Subject: Ramification Of Unbridled Urbanization In Kolkata : A Study On The Increased Air Pollution And Health Issues
Keywords: Pollution, Health hazards, environmental catastrophe
Abstract: Kolkata is the cultural epicentre of India with immense geopolitical importance. Pluralistic economic growth and massive urbanization process have affected the air quality of this city with a plethora of consequences. The gigantic construction works, old vehicles, ever-growing industries and unplanned city life have converted the environment of Kolkata into a gas chamber. In the case of air pollution, Kolkata ranks among the worst alongwith Delhi. The unbridled emission from public transportation, unmonitored construction and industries without adequate provisions to curb all sorts of pollution are coercing the citizens to go through the ordeal of environmental catastrophes. The immediate consequences are health problems in various forms. Eye, lungs, heart and other organs are badly affected. The hypothesis of this article is to prove the interrelation between air pollution and health issues. The people who are exposed to external environments, like construction workers, transportation staff and street vendors are mostly affected. The shocking spike eminent in lung disease cases proves that the time has arrived to take corrective measures with alacrity. All the stakeholders need to work cohesively to abrogate the curse of air pollution.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: CSC Report. 2006. Kolkata residents breathe in air which has 3-5 times higher pollution levels than the ambient level, that is already several times higher than the permissible limit. Action must gather momentum, says Centre for Science and Environment, Kolkata study.
Haque, Md. Senau and R.B. Singh. 2017. Air pollution and human health in Kolkata, India : A case study. Climate. 5(3):1-16.
Literature cited 2: Chowdhury and Indrajit Roy. 2014. Urban transport and related emissions in Kolkata city. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Kolkata, Kolkata.
WBPCB. 2013. Annual report 2010-2011. West Bengal Pollution Control Board, Kolkata, WB.
ID: 65476
Title: Evaluation Of Microbiological Contamination From Dialysis Water And Fluids At Several Hospitals In Baghdad
Author: Yasamen Raad Humudat and Saadi Kadhim Al-Naseri
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (11) Nov. 21 page 1306-1309 2021.
Subject: Evaluation Of Microbiological Contamination From Dialysis Water And Fluids At Several Hospitals In Baghdad
Keywords: Hemodialysis, Microbiological Contamination, Dialysis water, Dialysis fluid
Abstract: Microbiological monitoring of the water used for hemodialysis plays a crucial role in ensuring adequate quality service for patients suffering from renal failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacteriological characteristics of the dialysis water (feed and produced) used at dialysis centers of four hospitals in Baghdad. In this work, a total of 48 water samples from the municipal drinking water, dialysis water and water samples from dialysis pipes distribution were analyzed for heterotrophic plate count using the membrane filters technique over one year to evaluate seasonal effects. Among these fluids used in hemodialysis, water samples of the dialysis pipes distribution were most frequently contaminated and had the highest concentration of bacteria. Samples examined from the distribution of dialysis water pipes, 43.75% showed a bacterial count of more than 50 colony forming units (CFU/mL), which was above the action level as compared to international standards. Therefore, a water quality management programme including monitoring, maintenance and development of water treatment systems in hemodialysis centers is extremely necessary to reduce the risk of contamination for patients suffering from hemodialysis. Moreover, a suitable disinfection programme is required to ensure better control of bacterial growth and the formation of biofilms.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Abbass, A. A., et al. 2018. Microbiological monitoring of ultrapure dialysis fluid in a hemodialysis center in Alexandria, Egypt. Alexandria j. medicine. 54 (4): 523-527.
Humudat, Y. R., S. K. Al Naseri and Y. F. Al Fatlawy. 2020. Assessment of microbial contamination levels of water in hemodialysis centers in Baghdad, Iraq. Water Env. Res., 92(9):1325-1333.
Literature cited 2: Nystrand, R. 2008. Microbiology of water and fluids for hemodialysis. J. Chinese medical assoc., 71 (5): 223-229.
Andersson, J. and E. Holmström. 2016. On-line verification of hemodialysis water quality. Masters Thesis. Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, baxter.
ID: 65475
Title: Fluoride, Its Sources And Effects: An Overview
Author: Bhupinder Singh and Krishan Kumar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (11) Nov. 21 page 1299-1305 2021.
Subject: Fluoride, Its Sources And Effects: An Overview
Keywords: Groundwater, Health, Fluorosis, Skeletal, Spots
Abstract: The presence of fluoride in safe range is beneficial for human health as it prevents dental cavities while in excess is highly dangerous, that causes fluorosis and other health ailments. About 65 million people in the country are having fluorosis of different kind. A survey of literature has shown that groundwater in 21 states of the Indian Republic is facing the problem of fluoride. The major cause of fluoride in Indian sub-continent groundwater is leaching of flouride from rock minerals of earth’s crust. Besides these anthropogenic activities, for example industrial discharges, aluminium smelter, brick kiln and air pollution from industries may also contribute to this problem. Generally, water is known as, principal source of fluoride intake but it is not always true. Thus total fluoride intake is governed by a lot of factors, for example fluoride content of water, food from endemic areas and intake of beverages, like tea, etc. Besides this, other factors have to be considered while calculating total fluoride intake, for example climatic condition, that is tropical or temperate, age, profession, economic condition, lifestyle, feeding habits and moisture, etc. Removal of excess fluoride from water is known as defluoridation. Using surface water and collection of rainwater for drinking purposes is the best method in absence of any treatment process. This review paper describes various sources of fluoride and its effects.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ayoob, S. and A.K. Gupta. 2006. Fluoride in drinking water: a review on the status and stress effects. Crit. Rev. Env. Sci.Tech., 36:433-487.
Ayoob, S., A.K. Gupta and T.B. Venugopal. 2008. A conceptual overview on sustainable technologies for the defluoridation of drinking water. Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tech., 38(6): 401-470.
Literature cited 2: Vithanage, M., and P. Bhattacharya. 2015. Fluoride in drinking water: Health effects and remediation. In CO2 sequestration, biofuels and depollution, environmental chemistry for a sustainable world. Ed E. Lichtfouse et al. Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11906-4.
Narsimha, A. and V. Sudarshan. 2018. Drinking water pollution with respective of fluoride in the semi-arid region of Basara, Nirmal district, Telangana State, India. Data Brief. 16:752–757.
ID: 65474
Title: Migration Of Seawater Intrusion In Fresh Aquifer Of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal
Author: Indranil Ghosh, Debyasnita Sarkar, Ankita Adhikary, Preeti Prasad and Souvik Chakraborty
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (11) Nov. 21 page 1290-1298 2021.
Subject: Migration Of Seawater Intrusion In Fresh Aquifer Of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal
Keywords: Groundwater, seawater intrusion, groundwater qualities, pathline, water harvesting
Abstract: South 24 Parganas is the biggest district of West Bengal in terms of area. The population density is quite high in South 24 Parganas touching the population of 1 crore. The rainfall in study area is also very scanty. So groundwater table is not filled-up but overdraft of it is taking place. These are the factors of seawater intrusion in South 24 Parganas. Groundwater samples are collected from 29 blocks of South 24 Parganas. After that groundwater quality parameters are found out. Also the geographical values, like piezometric level pre-monsoon and post-monsoon have been collected. Based on the analysis of electrical conductivity, chloride, iron, salinity, TDS it has been found that electrical conductivity value is very high throughout the South 24 Parganas. Although few places of South 24 Parganas are safe from chloride point of view in comparison with IS 10500-2012, CPCB manual for irrigation and IS 4251-1967. But other places are not safe from chloride point of view. From salinity point of view, it can be concluded that South 24 Parganas are so much affected by seawater intrusion from the Bay of Bengal and Ganga river that salinity is very high all over South 24 Parganas. Iron value is also very high throughout the South 24 Parganas. So through analysis of groundwater properties it is certain that South 24 Parganas are highly affected due to saline water intrusion. From geochemical properties, it is found that water table is very near to ground surface more in pre-monsoon and less in post-monsoon. But since groundwater is contaminated with seawater intrusion so high water table is of no use. From the analysis path line of saline water intrusion is predicted. Also some remedial measures are suggested to abate the seawater intrusion.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Meyer, R., P. Engesgaard and T.O. Sonnenberg. 2019. Origin and dynamics of saltwater intrusion in a regional aquifer: combining 3-D salt water modeling with geophysical and geochemical data. Water Resour. Res., 55:1792-1813.
Chakraborty, S., K.P. Maity and S. Das. 2020. Investigation, simulation, identification and prediction of groundwater levels in coastal areas of Purba Medinipur, India, using MODFLOW: Environment, development and sustainability : A multidisciplinary apparoach to the theory and practice of sustainable development. Env. Develop. Sustain., 22:3805-3837.
Literature cited 2: Sreedharan, S. and R. Pawels. 2018. Seasonal deviation of saltwater intrusion in the shallow aquifers of Kochi Municipal Corporation, Kerala, India. Int. J. Civil Eng. Tech., 9(2):596-605.
Alfarrah, N. and K. Walraevens. 2018. Groundwater overexploitation and seawater intrusion in coastal areas of arid and semi-arid regions. Water. 10(2):143.
ID: 65473
Title: Air Pollution In Delhi – Impact Of Digital Media On Denizen’s Behaviour
Author: Geeta Singh, Anirudh Goel, Shaurya Gulati, Mughil M. and Gaurav Karhana
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (11) Nov. 21 page 1284-1289 2021.
Subject: Air Pollution In Delhi – Impact Of Digital Media On Denizen’s Behaviour
Keywords: Air pollution, Digital media, Pro-environmental behavior, Socio-demographic
Abstract: In recent years the capital city of India, Delhi, has experienced unprecedented levels of air pollution during October and November. Growing digitization efforts combined with low data prices facilitated an increase in digital media usage in India. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between air pollution levels and digital media activity and determine popular perception regarding digital media’s influence in combating air pollution. The aforementioned relationship was established by evaluating the average number of searches on google from August 2019 to January 2020 in conjunction with the spikes in pollutant concentration. Further, a qualitative analysis was conducted using an assiduously drafted questionnaire which was analyzed by the CART decision tree to explore the attitude and behaviour of people and their opinion on the influence of digital media to combat air pollution in Delhi. The findings underscored that digital media activity related to air pollution was quite high for October and November, a period which saw an acute increase in air pollution levels. The survey highlighted google as the most preferred and influential source of information related to air pollution. The socio-demographic characteristics played an essential role in the respondent’s preferences. The results of the survey underlined that digital media platforms are influential in fostering pro-environmental behaviours among the citizens. However, citizens are reluctant to take action against air pollution as they feel their role is limited.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Times, T. 2020. Dirty air: How India became the most polluted country on earth. Available at: https://ig.ft.com/india-pollution/.
BBC News. 2020. why is India’s pollution much worse than China’s. Available at: https://www. bbc.com/news/world-asia-50298972.
Literature cited 2: Cpebenvis.nic.in. 2020. Welcome to ENVIS. Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, India. Available at: http://cpcbenvis.nic.in/air pollution/finding. htm.
Statista. 2020. Number of internet users in selected countries. 2019 Statista. Available at: https://www. statista.com/statistics/2622966/number of-internet-users-in-selected-countries/.
ID: 65472
Title: A Study On Aerobic Biodegradation Of Poly-Vinyl Alcohol
Author: Sushovan Sarkar, Debabrata Mazumder and Rubaid Naskar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (11) Nov. 21 page 1277-1283 2021.
Subject: A Study On Aerobic Biodegradation Of Poly-Vinyl Alcohol
Keywords: Poly-vinyl alcohol, Biomass, Enrichment, Acclimation, Biodegradation
Abstract: Poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) is a well-known water-soluble synthetic polymer which is widely used in textile, paper and dyeing industry. in addition to this, it is widely used as food packaging and wrapping material to keep food safe inside of the container. PVA is a biodegradable polymer, that is a major concern for the pollution level of the environment. This study provieds the possible biodegradation level under suitable conditions of susceptible amount of micro-organism that are present in the working environment. Furthermore, experimental analysis was carried out into three major phases-enrichment of biomass, acclimation procedure and PVA degradation, considering the major parameters, likely pH, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this paper, the Finley method was adopted using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer with the help of a calibration curve to measure the concentration level of PVA. Thus, this study focuses on the biodegradation level of poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dvorackova, M. and T.K. Dung. 2009. Degradation of poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) by fenton pro-
cess. 13th International research/expert conference on Trends in the development of machinery and associated technology, Hammamet, Tunisia.
Rongrong, L., et al. 2011. The performance evaluation of hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor for treatment of PVA-containing de-sizing wastewater. Desalination. 271:287-294.
Literature cited 2: Corti, A., R. Solaro and E. Chielline. 2002. Biodegradation of poly-vinyl alcohol in selected mixed microbial culture and relevant culture filtrate. J. Polym. Degrad. stability. 75:447-458.
Jaroni’r, H., et al. 2003. Assessing, biodegrability of plastics based on poly-vinyl alcohol and protein wastes. J. Polym. Degrad. Stability. 79:511-519.
ID: 65471
Title: Water Quality Assessment Of River Sutlej, Punjab
Author: Yadvinder Singh and Sarish Khera
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (11) Nov. 21 page 1268-1276 2021.
Subject: Water Quality Assessment Of River Sutlej, Punjab
Keywords: Biological oxygen demand, Physico-chemical analysis, Dissolved oxygen, Correlation
Abstract: The present study has investigated the status of physico-chemical contaminants in river Sutlej in Punjab state. The physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, total coliform, faecal coliform and NO3 have been analysed at ten sampling stations from 2002-2015 for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The results were compared with water quality standards prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The correlation coefficients were calculated to detect highly correlated parameters. The study suggests that the quality of river Sutlej becomes extremely deteriorated due to toxic industrial and domestic discharge near Phagwara and Ludhiana city. Significant increase in biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform and total coliform can be witnessed at the confluence of Buddha Nallah and East Bein.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pegram, Guy. 2010. Global water scarcity risks and challenges for business. Llyod’s 360 risk insight and wwf. Available at : https://www. greenbiz.com/research/report/2010/04/27/global-water-scarcity-risks-and-challenges-business.
UNEPFI and SIWI. 2005. Challenges of water scarcity : A business case of financial institutions. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and Swedish Water House (SWH). United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative and Stockholm International Water Institute. Available at : https://www.unepfi.org/fileadmin/documents/challenge_water_scarcity_2005.pdf.
Literature cited 2: UN. 2007. Coping with water scarcity challenge of the twenty-first century. FAO, United Nations. Available at : http//www.fao.org/3/a-aq 444 e. pdf.
Jindal, R. and C. Sharma. 2011. Studies on water quality of Sutlej river around Ludhiana with reference to physico-chemical parameters. Env. Monit. Assess., 174(1-4):417-425.