Enter records

ID: 61056
Title: Rating health and stability of engineering structures via classification indexes of InSAR Persistent Scatterers.
Author: Fabio Pratesi, Deodato Tapete, Gloria Trenzi, Chiara Del Ventisette, Sandro Moretti.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 40 81-90 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Structural deformation monitoring, Classification indexes, Synthetic aperture radar, Persistent Scatterer Interferometry.
Abstract: We propose a novel set of indexes to classify the information content of persistent Scatterers (PS) and rate the health of engineering structures at urban to local scale. PS are automatically sampled and grouped via ' control areas ' coinciding with the building and its surrounding environment. Density over the ' control areas ' and velocity of PS are converter respectively into: completeness of Information index (Ici) that reflects the PS coverage grade; and Conservation Critically Indexes (Icc) which rate the health condition of the monument separately for the object and surrounding control areas. The deformation pattern over the structure is classified as isolated (i) or diffused (d) based on Velocity Distribution Index (Ivd).Both Ici and Icc are rated from A to E classes using a colour -coded system that intentionally emulates an energy-efficiency scale, to encourage the exploitation of PS by stakeholders and end-users in the practice of engineering surveying. Workability and reliability of the classification indexes are demonstrated over the urban heritage of Florence, Italy, using well established ERS-1/2 (1992-2000) descending, ENVISAT (2003-2010) ascending and descending PS datasets. The indexes are designed in perspective of handling outputs from InSAR processing of higher-resolution time series.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Bateson, L., Cuevas, M., Crosetto, M., Cigna, Schijf, M., Evans, H., 2012.PANGEO; enable access information in support of GMES: DELIVERABLE 3.5 production manual. Version 1. Available at: </http:/pangeoproject.eu/sites/default/files/pangeo.other/D3.5-PnGeo-production-Manual v1.3pdf>, (accessed 07.03.14) Berti, M., Corsini, A., Franceschini, S., Jannacone, J.P., 2013.Automated classification of Persistent Scatterers Interferometry time series. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst.Sci.13, 1945-1958.
Literature cited 2: Chang, L., Hansen, R.F., 2014.Detection of cavity migration and shinkhole risk radar interferometric time series. Remote Sens. Environ. 147 (5), 56-64. Cigna, F., Bateson, L.B., Jordan, C.J., Dashwood, C., 2014.Simulating SAR geometric distortions and predicting Persistent Scatterer densities for ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT-C band SAR and InSAR applications: nationwide feasibility assessment to monitor the landmass of Great Britain with SAR imagery. Remote Sens.Environ.152, 441-466.

ID: 61055
Title: Rapid detection of new and expanding human settlements in the Limpopo province of South Africa using a spatio-temporal change detection method.
Author: W.Kleynhans, B.P.Salmon, K.J.Wessels, J.C.Olivier.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 40 74-80 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Change detection, Autocorrelation, Time-series, Hyper-temporal, Settlements.
Abstract: Recent development has identified the benefits of using hyper-temporal satellite time series data for land cover change detection and classification in South Africa. In particular, the monitoring of human settlement expansion in the Limpopo province is of relevance as it is the one of the most pervasive forms of land-cover change in this province which covers an area of roughly 125 000km2. In this paper, spatiotemporal autocorrelation change detection (STACD) method is developed to improve the performance of a pixel based temporal Autocorrelation change detection (TACD) method previously proposed. The objective is to apply the algorithm to large areas to detect the conversion of natural vegetation to settlement which is then validated by an operator using additional data (such as high resolution imagery). Importantly, as the objective of the method is to indicate areas of potential change to operators for further analysis, a low false alarm rate is required while achieving an acceptable probability of detection. Results indicate that detection accuracies of 70 % of new settlement instances are achievable at a false alarm rate of less than1 % with the STACD method, an improvement of up to 17 % compared to the original TACD formulation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Atkinson, K., 1968.On the order of convergence of natural cubic spline interpolation.SIAM J.Numer.Anal. 5 (1), 89-101. De Beurs, K.Henerby, G., 2005. A statistical framework for the analysis of long image time series.Int.J.Remote. Sens. 26 (8), 1551-1573.
Literature cited 2: Grobler, T., Ackermann, E., van Zyl, A., Oliver, J., Kleynhans, W., Salmon, B., 2013.Using page ' s cumulative sum test on MODIS time series to detect land-cover changes.IEEE Geosci.Remote Sens.Lett. 10 (2), 332-336. Kennedy, R., Cohen, W., Schroeder, T., 2007.Trajectory-based change detection for automated characterization of forest disturbance dynamics. Remote Sens.Environ. 110 (3), 370-386.

ID: 61054
Title: Development of scheme for atmospheric correction of Resourcesat-2 AWiFS data.
Author: M.R.Pandya, V.N.Pathak, D.B.Shah, H.J.Trivedi, R.A.Chipade, R.P.Singh.A.S.Kirankumar.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 40 65-73 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Atmospheric correction, AWiFS, IRS, Resourcesat, SACRS2, Surface reflectance.
Abstract: This paper presents a method called SACRS2, a scheme for atmospheric correction of RS2-AWiFS (Resourcesat2-Advanced Wide Field Sensor) data. The SACRS2 is a computationally fast scheme developed from a physics-based detailed radiative transfer model 6SV for correcting large amount of data from the high-repetivity AWiFS sensor through forward signal simulations by 6SV.Semi-empirical formulations provided in the SMAC method with a few improvements have been used describe various atmospheric interactions. A total of 112 coefficients for different equations are determined using the best fit equations against the computations of the 6 SV. After the specific coefficients for the RS2-AWiFS spectral bands are determined, the major inputs of the scheme are raw digital numbers recorded by RS2-AWiFS sensor, atmospheric columnar water vapour content, ozone content, aerosol optical thickness at 550nm and viewing-illumination conditions. Results showed a good performance of the SACRS2 with a maximum relative error in the SACRS2 simulations ranged between 1 % for a reflectance of 0.5 and 8.6 % for reflectance of 0.05 with respect to 6SV computations. Validation of retrieved surface reflectance using the SACRS2 scheme with respect to in-situ measurements at two sites indicated a capability of this scheme to determine the surface reflectance within 10 %.This is a first of its kind scheme developed for the atmospheric correction of any Indian Remote Sensing satellite data. A package containing the SACRS2 software is available on the MOSDAC website for the researchers.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Badarinath, K.V.S., Kiran Chand, T.R., Krishna Prasad ,V., 2006.Agriculture crop residue burning in the Indo-Gangetic Plains- a study using IRS-P6 AWiFS satellite data.Curr.Sci.91, 1085-1089. Beal D., Baret, F., Weiss M. Gu X., Verbrugghe M., (2003). A method for MERIS atmospheric correction based on the spectral and spatial observation.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2003, IGARSS ' 03.Proceedings 6 (pp.3601-1603).
Literature cited 2: Borbas ,E., Seemann., S.W., Huang, H.-L., Li, J.,Menzel, W.P., 2005.Global profile training database for satellite regression retrievals with estimates of skin temperature and emissivity. In: Proceeding International ATOVS Study Conference-XIV, Beijing, China, 25-31 May 2005, pp.763-770. Chai, M.M.F., Bayat, S., Hash, S.A., 2012.Probability measurement to estimate forest tree diversity using IRS-P6 satellite images in Caspian broad leaved forests. ARPN J.Agric.Biol.Sci.7, 238-243.

ID: 61053
Title: Satellite mapping of Baltic Sea Secchi depth with multiple regression models.
Author: Andy stock
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 40 55-64 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Baltic Sea, Secchi depth, MODIS, Mapping, Regression, GAM.
Abstract: Secchi depth is a measure of water transparency. In the Baltic region, Secchi depth maps are used to assess eutrophication and as input for habitat models. Due to their spatial and temporal coverage, satellite data would be the most suitable data source for such maps. But the Baltic Sea ' s optical properties are so different from the open ocean that globally calibrated standard models suffer from large errors. Regional predictive models that take the Baltic Sea ' s special optical properties into account are thus needed. This paper tests how accurately generalized linear models (GLMs) and generalized additive models (GAMs) with MODIS/Aqua and auxiliary data as inputs can predict Secchi depth at a regional scale. It uses cross-validation to test the prediction accuracy of hundreds of GAMs and GLMs with up to 5 input variables. A GAM with 3 input variables (chlorophyll a, remote sensing reflectance at 678 nm, and long-term mean salinity) made the most accurate predictions. Tested against field observations not used for model selection and calibration, the best model ' s mean absolute error (MAE) for daily predictions was 1.07 m (22 %), more than 50 % lower than for other publicly available Baltic Sea Secchi depth maps. The MAE for predicting monthly averages was 0.86 m (15%). Thus, the proposed model selection process was able to find a regional model with good prediction accuracy. It could be useful to find predictive models for environmental variables other Secchi depth, using data from other satellite sensors, and for other regions where non-standard remote sensing models are needed for prediction and mapping. Annual and monthly mean Secchi depth maps for 2003-2012 come with this paper as Supplementary materials.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Aarup, T., 2002.Transparency of the North Sea and Baltic Sea-a Secchi depth data mining study. Oceanologia 44 (3). Cameron, A., Askew N. (eds., 2011) EUSeaMap-Preparatory Action for development and assessment of a European broad-scale seabed habitat map final report. Available at http://jncc.gov.uk/euseamap (last access on 19.07.14.)
Literature cited 2: Darecki, M., Stramski, D., 2004.An evaluation of MODIS and SeaWiFS bio-optical algorithms in the Baltic Sea. Remote Sens.Environ. 89 (3), 326-350. Dormann, C.F., Elith, J., Bacher, S., Buchmann, C., Carl, G., Carre, G., Leautenbach, S., 2013.Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance.Ecography.36 (1), 27-46.

ID: 61052
Title: Evaluating a satellite-based seasonal evapotranspiration product and identifying its relationship with other satellite-derived products and crop yield. A case study for Ethiopia.
Author: Tsegaye Tadesse, Gabriel B.Senay, Getachew Berhan, Teshome Regassa, Shimelis Beyene.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 40 39-54 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Cropyield, Drought, Early warning, Evapotranspiration, Food security, Risk management.
Abstract: Satellite-derived evapotranspiration anomalies and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data are currently used for African agricultural drought monitoring and food security status assessment. In this study, a process to evaluate satellite -derived evapotranspiration (Eta) products with a geospatial statistical exploratory technique that uses NDVI, satellite-derived rainfall estimate (RFE), and crop yield data has been developed. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the Eta using the NDVI and RFE, and identify a relationship between the Eta and Ethiopia ' s cereal crop (i.e, teff, sorghum, corn/maize, barley, and wheat) yields during the main rainy season. Since crop production is one of the main factors affecting food security, the evaluation of remote sensing-based seasonal Eta was done to identify the appropriateness of this tool as a proxy for monitoring vegetation condition in drought vulnerable and food insecure areas to support decision makers. The results of this study showed that the comparison between seasonal Eta and RFE produced strong correlation (R2>0.99) for all 41 crop growing zones in Ethiopia. The results of the spatial regression analyses of seasonal Eta and NDVI using Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression showed relatively weak yearly spatial relationships (R2<0.7) for all cropping zones. However, for each individual crop zones, the correlation between NDVI and Eta ranged between 0.3 and 0.84 for about 44 % of the cropping zones. Similarly, for each individual crop zones, the correlation (R2) between the seasonal Eta anomaly and de-trended cereal crop yield was between 0.4 and 0.82 for 76 % (31 out of 41) of the crop growing zones. The preliminary results indicated that the Eta products have a good predictive potential for these 31 identified zones in Eithopia. Decision makers may potentially use Eta products for monitoring cereal cop yields are early warning of food insecurity during drought years for these identified zones.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Anderson, M.C. Noman, J.M., Mecikalski, J.R, Otkin, J.P., Kustas, W.P., 2007. A climatology study of evapotranspiration and moisture stress across the continental U.S. based on thermal remote sensing: 1.Model formulation.J.Geophy.Res.112 (D10), 117, http: //dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007506. Allen, R.G., Tasumi, M.,Trezza, R., 2007.Satellite-based energy balance for mapping evapotranspitration with internalized calibration (METRIC) -Model.J.Irrig.Drain.Eng.133, 380-394.
Literature cited 2: Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Noordman, H., Pelgrum, G., Thoreson, B.P., Allen, R.G., 2005.SEBAL model with remotely sensed data to improve water resources management under actual field conditions.J.Irrig.Drain.Eng.131, 85-93. Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., P.Karimi, L.-M.Rebelo, Z., Duan, G.B., Senay, L.Muttuwatte, V.Smakhtin, 2014.Earth Observation-based Assessment of the Water production and Water Consumtion of Nile Basin Agro-Ecosystems. Remote Sensing, 6, 1-x manuscripts; doi: 10.3390/rs60x000x (accepted, pending revision).

ID: 61051
Title: Geo-reCAPTCHA: Crowdsourcing large amounts of geographic information from earth observation data.
Author: Florian Hillen, Bernhard Hofle.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 40 29-38 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: User-generated geographic information, Volunteered geographic information, Crowdsourcing, reCAPTCHA, Geo-reCAPTCHA.
Abstract: The reCAPTCHA concept provides a large amount of valuable information for various applications. First, it provides security, e.g., for a form on a website, by means of a test that only a human could solve. Second, the effort of the user for this test is used to generate additional information, e.g., digitization of books or identification of house numbers. In this work, we present a concept for adapting the reCAPTCHA idea to create user-generated geographic information from earth observation data, and the requirements during the conception and implementation are depicted in detail. Furthermore, the essential parts of a Geo-reCAPTCHA system are described, and afterwards transferred, to a prototype implementation. An empirical user study is conducted to investigate the Geo-reCAPTCHA approach, assessing time and quality of the resulting geographic information. Our results show that a Geo-reCAPTCHA approaches, assessing time and quality of the resulting geographic information. Our results show that a Geo-reCAPTCHA can be solved by the users of our study on building digitization in a short amount of time (19.2 s on average) with an overall average accuracy of the digitization of 82.2 %.In conclusion, GeoreCAPTCHA has the potential to be a reasonable alternative to the typical reCAPTCHA, and to become a new data-rich channel of crowdsourced geographic information.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Banday, M.T., Shah, N.A., 2011.Challenges of CAPTCHA in the accessibility of Indian regional websites. In: Proceedings of COMPUTE ' 11, Bangalore, India, http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1980422.1980453. BuiltWith, 2014.reCAPTCHA Usage statistics. Available from http://trends.builtwith.com/widgets/reCAPTCHA (accessed 6.08.14). Chew, M., Baird, H.S., 2003.Baffetext: a human interactive proof.In: Procedings of 10th IS&T/SPIE Document Recognition &Retrieval Conf, 2003.305-316.
Literature cited 2: CITI-SENSE, 2014.Available from http://www.citi-sense.eu/(accessed 6.08.14). CNN, 2014.Crowdsourcing volunteers comb satellite photos for Malaysis Airlines jet.Availble from http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/11/us/malaysia-airlines-plane-crowdsourcing-search/(accessed 6.08.14).

ID: 61050
Title: Temperature and emissivity separation and mineral mapping based on airborne TASI hyperspectral thermal infrared data.
Author: Jing Cui, Kokun Yan, Xinfeng Dong, Shimin Zhang, Jingfa Zhang, Feng Tian, Runsheng Wang.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 40 19-28 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Hyperspectral, Thermal infrared remote sensing, Temperature and emissivity separation, Mineral mapping, TASI.
Abstract: Thermal infrared remote sensing (8-12 ?m) (TIR) has great potential for geologic remote sensing studies. TIR has been successfully used for terrestrial and planetary geologic studies to map surface materials. However, the complexity of the physics and the lack of hyperspectral data make the studies under-investigated. A new generation of commercial hyperspectral infrared sensors, known as Thermal Airborne Spectrographic Imager (TASI), was used for image analysis and mineral mapping in this study. In this paper, a combined method integrating normalized emissivity method (NEM), ratio algorithm (Ratio) and maximum-minimum apparent emissivity difference (MMD), being applied in multispectral data, has been modified and used to determine whether this method is suitable for retrieving emissivity from TASI hyperspectral data.MODTRAN 4 has been used for the atmospheric correction. The retrieved emissivity spectra matched well with the field measured spectra except for bands1, 2, and 32. Quartz, calcite, diopside/hedenbergite, hornblende and microline have been mapped by the emissivity image. Mineral mapping results agree with the dominant minerals identified by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopic analyses of field samples. Both of the results indicated that the atmospheric correction method and the combined temperature-emissivity method are suitable for TASI image. Carbonate skarnization was first found in the study area by the spatial extent of diopside. Chemical analyses of the skarn samples determined that the Au content was 0.32-1.74 g/t, with an average Au content of 0.73 g/t. This information provides an important resource for prospecting for skarn gold deposits. It is also suggested that TASI is suitable for prospect and deposit scale exploration.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Abrams, M, 2000.The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER): data products for the high spatial resolution imager on NASA ' s Terra platform.Int.J.Remote Sens.21, 847-859. Amin, B.P., Mazlan, H., 2012.The application of ASTER remote sensing data to porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits. Ore Geol.Rev.44, 1-9.
Literature cited 2: Barsi, J.A. Barker, J.L, Schott, J.R, 2003.An atmospheric Correction parameter Calculator for a Single Thermal Band Earth-sensing Instrument. Proceedings of IEEE IGARSS, Toulouse, France, pp. 3014-3016. Barsi, J.A., schott, J.R., Palluconi, F.D., Hook, S.J., 2005.Validation of a Web-based Atmospheric Correction Tool for Single Thermal Band Instruments. Proceedings of SPIE, 5882, 588 20E.1-588 20E.7.

ID: 61049
Title: Improved coastal wetland mapping using very-high 2-meter spatial resolution imagery.
Author: Matthew J.McCarthy, Elizabeth J.Merton, Frank E.Muller-Karger.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 40 11-18 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Wetlands, World-View-2, Landsat 8 OLI, Tampa Bay, Mangroves
Abstract: Accurate wetland maps are a fundamental requirement for land use management and for wetland restoration planning. Several wetland map products are available today; most of them based on remote sensing images, but their different data resources and mapping methods lead to substantially different estimations of wetland location and extent. We used two very high-resolution (2 m) WorldView-2 satellite images and one (30 m) Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image to assess wetland coverage in two coastal areas of Tampa Bay (Florida) : Fort De Soto State Park and Weedon Island Preserve. An initial unsupervised classification derived from WorldView-2 was more accurate at identifying wetlands based on ground truth data collected in the field than the classification derived from Landsat 8 OLI (82% vs.46 % accuracy).The worldview-2 data was then used to define parameters of a simple and efficient decision tree with four nodes for a more exacting classification. The criteria for the decision tree derived by extracting radiance spectra at 1500 separate pixels from the WorldView-2 data within field-validated regions. Results for both study areas showed high accuracy in both wetland (82 % at Fort De Soto State Park, and 94 % at Weedon Island Preserve) and non-wetland vegetation classes (90 % and 83 %, respectively).Historical, published land-use maps overestimate wetland surface cover by factors of 2-10 in the study areas. The proposed methods improve speed and efficiency of wetland map production, allow semi-annual monitoring through repeat satellite passes, and improve the accuracy and precision with which wetlands are identified.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: C-CAP, 2013. Assessment report of wetland mapping improvement to NOAA ' s Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) land cover in western Washington State. State of Washington Department of Ecology. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/wetlands/pdf/C-CAP Wetlands Assessment Report.pdf/. (accessed 20.04.14). Cowardin, L., Carter, V., Golet, F., LaRoe, E., 1979.Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States, FWS/OBS79/31.U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington.
Literature cited 2: Dahl, T., Stedman, S., 2013.Status and trends of wetlands in the coastal watersheds of the Conterminous United States 2004 to 2009.U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish Wildlife Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. (46 p.) Digital Globe, 2010.The Benefits of the Eight Spectral Bands od WorldView-2 Available in http: //www.digitalglobe.com/sites/default/files/DG-8SPECTRAL-WP.pdf/. (accessed 26.06.14).

ID: 61048
Title: Discriminating lava flows of different age within Nyamuragira ' s volcanic field using spectral mixture analysis.
Author: Long Li, Frank Canters, Carmen Solana, Weiwei Ma, Longqian Chen, Matthieu Kervyn.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 40 1-10 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Vegetation fraction, Lava flow, Spectral mixture analysis, Nyamuragira, Pleiades.
Abstract: In this study, linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is used to characterize the spectral heterogeneity of lava flows from Nyamuragira volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo, where vegetation and lava are the two main land covers. In order to estimate fractions of vegetation and lava through satellite remote sensing, we made use of 30 m resolution Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) imagery. 2m Pleiades data was used for validation. From the results, we conclude that (1) LSMA is capable of characterizing volcanic fields and discriminating between different types of lava surfaces; (2) three lava endmembers can be identified as lava of old, intermediate and young age, corresponding to different stages in lichen growth and chemical weathering; (3) a strong relationship is observed between vegetation fraction and lava age, where vegetation at Nyamuragira starts to significantly colonize lava flows ~15 years after eruption and occupies over 50 % of the lava surfaces ~40 years after eruption. Our study demonstrates the capability of spectral unmixing to characterize lava surfaces and vegetation colonization over time, which is particularly useful for poorly known volcanoes or those not accessible for physical or political reasons.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Abrams, M., Abbot, E., Kahle, A., 1991.Combined use of visible, reflected infrared, and thermal infrared images for mapping Hawaiian lava flows.J.Geophys.Res.96, 475-484. Abrams, M., Bianchi, R., Pieri, D., 1996.Revised mapping of lava flows on Mount Etna,Sicily.Photogramm.Eng.Remote Sens.62, 1353-1359.
Literature cited 2: ASTRIUM.2012.Pleiades Imagery User Guide. Toulouse. De Rose, R.C., Oguchi, T., Morishima, W., Collado, M., 2011.Land cover change on Mt.Pinatubo, the Philippines, monitored using ASTER VNIR.Int.J.Remote Sens.32, 9279-9305.

ID: 61047
Title: Prediction of soil properties using imaging spectroscopy: Considering fractional vegetation cover to improve accuracy.
Author: M.H.D.Franceschini, J.A.M.Dematte, F.da Silva Terra, L.E.Vicente, H.Bartholomeus, C.R. de Souza Filho.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 38 358-370 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Reflectance spectroscopy, Hyperspectral, Pedometrics, Soil properties, Unmixing analysis.
Abstract: Spectroscopic techniques have become attractive to assess soil properties because they are fast, require little labor and may reduce the amount of laboratory waste produced when compared to conventional methods. Imaging spectroscopy (IS) can have further advantages compared to laboratory or field proximal spectroscopic approaches such as providing spatially continuous information with a high density. However, the accuracy of IS derived predictions decreases when the spectral mixture of soil with other target occurs. This paper evaluates the use of spectral data obtained by an airborne hyperspectral sensor (ProSpecTIR-VS-Asia dual sensor) for prediction of physical and chemical properties of Brazilian highly weathered soils (i.e., oxisols). A methodology to assess the soil spectral mixture is adapted and a progressive spectral dataset selection procedure, based on bare soil fractional cover, is proposed and tested. Satisfactory performances are obtained specially for the quantification of clay, sand and CEC using air-borne sensor data (R2 of 0.77, 0.79 and 0.54; RPD of 2.14, 2.22 and 1.50, respectively), after spectral data selection is performed; although results obtained for laboratory data are more accurate (R2 of 0.92, 0.85 and 0.75; RPD of 3.52, 2.62 and 2.04, for clay, sand and CEC, respectively).Most importantly, predictions based on airborne-derived spectra for which the bare soil fractional cover is not taken into account show considerable lower accuracy, for example for clay, sand and CEC (RPD of 1.52, 1.64 and 1.16, respectively).Therefore, hyperspectral remotely sensed data can be used to predict topsoil properties of highly weathered soils, although spectral mixture of bare soil with vegetation must be considered in order to achieve an improved prediction accuracy.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Alvares, C.A, Stape, J.L, Sentelhas, P.C., de Moraes Goncalves, J.L, Sparovek, G., 2013.Koppen ' s climate classification map for Brazil.Meteorol.Z.22 (6), 711-728. Bartholomeus, H., Epema, G., Schaepman, M.,2007.Determining iron content in Mediterranean soils in partly vegetated areas, using spectral reflectance and imaging spectroscopy.Int.J.Appl.Earth Observ.Geoinf.9, 194-203.
Literature cited 2: Bartholomeus, H.,Kooistra, L., Stevens,A., van Leeuwen, M., van Wesemael, B.,Ben-Dor, E., Tychon, B., 2011.Soil organic carbon mapping of partially vegetated agricultural fields with imaging spectroscopy.Int.J.Appl.Earth Observ.Geoinf.13, 81-88. Baumgardner, M.F., Silva, L.F., Biehl, L.L, Stoner, R., 1985. Reflectance properties of soils.Adv.Agron.38.1-44.

ID: 61046
Title: Assessing the utility WorldView-2 imagery for tree species mapping in South African subtropical humid forest and the conservation implications: Dukuduku forest patch as case study.
Author: Moses Azong Cho, Oupa Malahlela, Abel Ramoelo.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 38 349-357 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Subtropical forest, Tree species, Remote sensing, WorldView-2, Forest conservation.
Abstract: Indigenous forest biome in South Africa is highly fragmented in to patches of various sizes (most patches <1km2). The utilization of timber and non-timber resources by poor rural communities living around protected forest patches produce subtle changes in the forest canopy which can be hardly detected on a timely manner using traditional field surveys. The aims of this study were to assess: (i) the utility of very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing imagery (WorldView-2, 0.5-2 m spatial resolution) for mapping trees species and canopy gaps in one of the protected subtropical coastal forests in South Africa (the Dukuduku forest patch (ca.3200 ha) located in the province of KwaZulu-Natal) and (ii) the implications of the map products to forest conservation. Three dominant canopy tree species namely, Albizia adianthifolia, Strychnos spp. and Acacia spp., and canopy gap types including bushes (grass/shrubby), bare soil and burnt patches were accurately mapped (overall accuracy +89.3 ? 2.1%) using WorldView-2 image and support vector machine classifier. The maps revealed subtle forest disturbances such as bush encroachment and edge effects resulting from forest fragmentation by roads and a power-line. In two stokeholders ' workshops organized to assess the implications of the map products to conservation, participants generally agreed amongst others implications that the VHR maps provide valuable information that could be used for implementing and monitoring the effects of rehabilitation measures. The use of VHR imagery is recommended for timely inventorying and monitoring of the small and fragile patches of subtropical forests in Southern Africa.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Aizzi, B., Baronti, S., Lotti, F., Selva, M., 2009. A comparison between global and context-adaptive pansharpening of multispectral images geoscience and remote sensing letters.IEEE 6 (2), 302-306. Asner, G.P., Knapp, D.E., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., Jones, M.O., Martin, R.E., Boardman, J., Hughes, R.F., 2008.Invasive species detection in Hawaiian rainforests using airborne imaging spectroscopy and LiDAR. Remote Sens.Environ. 112 (5), 1942-1955
Literature cited 2: Asner, G.P., Martin, R.E., 2009. Airborne spectronomics: mapping canopy chemical and taxonomic diversity in tropical forests.Front.Ecol.Environ. 7 (5), 269-276. Bender, D., Tischendorf, L., Fahrig, L., 2003. Using patch isolation metrics to predict animal movement in binary landscapes. Landscape Ecol.18 (1), 17-39.

ID: 61045
Title: Monitoring levels of cyanobacterial blooms using the visual cyanobacteria index (VCI) and floating algae index (FAI).
Author: Yoichi Oyama, Takehiko Fukushima, Bunkei Matsushita, Hana Matsuzaki, Koichi Kamiya, Hisao Kobinata.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 38 335-348 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Cyanobacterial blooms, Landsat, Lake, Chlorophyll-a, Phycocyanin, Water amenity.
Abstract: Cyanobacterial bloom is a growing environmental problem in inland waters. In this study, we propose a method for monitoring levels of cyanobacterial blooms from Landsat/ETM + images. The visual cyanobacteria index (VCI) is a simple index for in-situ visual interpretation of cyanobacterial blooms levels, by classifying them into six categories based on aggregation (e.g., subsurface blooms, surface scum). The floating algae index (FAI) and remote sensing reflectance in the red wavelength domain, which can be obtained from Landsat/ETM+images, were related to the VCI for estimating cyanobacteria bloom levels from the Landsat/ETM+images, were related to the VCI for estimating cyanobacteria bloom levels from the Landsat/ETM+images.Nine field campaigns were carried out at lakes Nishiura and Kitaura (Lake Kasumigaura group), Japan, from June to August 2012. We also collected reflectance spectra at 20 stations for different VCI levels on August 3, 2012. The reflectance spectra were recalculated in correspondence to each ETM+band, and used to calculate the FAI. The FAI values were then used to determine thresholds for classifying cyanobacterial blooms into different VCI levels. These FAI thresholds were validated using three Landsat/ETM+images.Results showed that FAI values differed significantly at the respective VCI levels except between levels 1 and 2 (subsurface blooms) and levels 5 and 6 (surface scum and hyperscum). This indicated that the FAI was able to detect the high level of cyanobacteria that forms surface scum. In contrast, the Landsat/ETM + band 3 reflectance could be used as an alternative index for distinguishing surface scum and hyperscum. Application of the thresholds for VCI classifications to three Landsat/ETM +images showed that the volume of cyanobacteria blooms can be effectively classified into the six VCI levels.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Aizaki, M., Fukushima, T., Takagi, H., Kitamura, H., 1995a.Ebvaluation of Lake Kasumigaura, Japan, using a landscape index for cyanobacterial bloom. In: Aizaki, M., Fukushima, T. (Eds), Aoko (Water-blooms of Blue-green Algae); Measurement, Occurrence, and Factors on Its Growth. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan, pp.33-39 (in Japanese). Aizaki, M., Fukushima, T., Kitamura, H., Ohashi, H., 1995b. What are criteria for cyanobacterial bloom? An analysis of questionnaire investigation using the visual cyanobacterial index. In: Aizaki, M., Fukushima, T.(Eds), Aoko (Water-blooms of Blu-green Algae); Measurement, Occurrence, and Factors on Its Growth. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 40-48 (In Japanese).
Literature cited 2: Bartram, J., Carmichael, W.W., Chorus, I., Jones, G., Skulberg, O.M., 1999.Introduction.In: Chorus, I., Bartram, J.(Eds)., Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to Their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management.E & FN Spon, London and New York, pp.1-14. Bartram, J., Rees, G. (Eds), 2000. London, E&FN Spon Press, London and New York.

ID: 61044
Title: Global rain-fed, irrigated, and paddy croplands: A new high resolution map derived from remote sensing, crop inventories and climate data.
Author: J.Meghan Salmon, Mark A. Friedl. Steve Frolking, Dominik Wisser, Ellen M. Douglas.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 38 321-334 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Irrigation, MODIS, Remote sensing Paddy, Cropland, Water management.
Abstract: Irrigation accounts for 70 % of global water use by humans and 33-40 % of global food production comes from irrigated croplands. Accurate and timely information related to global irrigation is therefore needed to manage increasingly scarce water resources and to improve food security in the face of yield gaps, climate change and extreme events such as droughts, floods, and heat waves. Unfortunately, this information is not available for many regions of the world. This study aims to improve characterization of global rain-fed, irrigated and paddy croplands by integrating information from national and sub-national surveys, remote sensing, and gridded climate data sets. To achieve this goal, we used supervised classification of remote sensing, climate, and agricultural inventory data to generate a global map of irrigated, rain-fed, and paddy croplands. We estimate that 314 million hectares (Mha) worldwide were irrigated circa 2005. This includes 66 Mha of irrigated paddy cropland and 249 Mha of irrigated non-paddy cropland. Additionally, we estimate that 1047 Mha of cropland and 985 Mha of rain-fed non-paddy cropland. More generally, our results show that global mapping of irrigated, rain-fed, and paddy cropland is possible by combining information from multiple data sources. However, regions with rapidly changing irrigation or complex mixtures of irrigated and non-irrigated crops present significant challenges and require more and better data to support high quality mapping of irrigation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: AgRISTER: Agriculture and Resources Inventory Surveys thought Aerospace Remote Sensing, 1981.NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas59, 110-123. Arino, O., Gross, D., Ranera, F., Bourg, L., Leroy, M., Bicheron, P., Weber, J.L., 2007.GlobCover: ESA service for global land cover from MERIS.In: Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2007.IGARSS 2007.IEEE International. IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp.2412-2415.
Literature cited 2: Bartholome, Belward, A.S., 2005. GLC2000: a new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth observation data.Int.J.Remote Sens. 26 (9), 1959-1977. Biggs, T.W., Thenkabail, P.S., Gumma, M.K., Scott, C.A., Parthsaradhi, G.R, Turral, H.N., 2006. Irrigated area mapping in heterogeneous landscapes with MODIS time series, ground truth and census data, Krishna Basin, India.Int.J.Remote Sens. 27 (19), 4245-4266.

ID: 61043
Title: Fusion of hyperspectral and LIDAR data using decision template-based fuzzy classifier system.
Author: Behnaz Bigdeli, Farhad Samdzadegan, Peter Reinartz.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 38 309-320 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: LIDAR, Hyperspectral, Fuzzy classification, Multiple classifier system, Sensor fusion.
Abstract: Regarding to the limitations and benefits of remote sensing sensors, fusion of remote sensing data from multiple sensors such as hyperspectral and LIDAR (light detection and ranging) is effective at land cover classification. Hyperspectral images (HSI) provide detailed information. However, because of the more complexities and mixed information in LIDAR and HIS, traditional crisp classification methods could not be more efficient. In this situation, fuzzy classifiers could deliver more satisfactory results than crisp classification approaches. Also, referring to the limitation of single classifiers, multiple classifier system (MCS) may exhibit better performance in the field of multi-sensor fusion. This paper presents a fuzzy multiple classifier system for fusions of HSI and LIDAR data based on decision template (DT) After feature extraction and feature selection on each data; all selected features of both data are applied on a cube. Then classifications were performed by fuzzy k-nearest neighbor (FKNN) and fuzzy maximum likelihood (FML) on cube of features. Finally, a fuzzy decision fusion method is utilized to fuse the results of fuzzy classifiers. In order to assess fuzzy MCS proposed method, a crisp MCS based on support vector machine (SVM), KNN and maximum likelihood (ML) as crisp classifiers and na?ve Bayes (NB) as crisp classifier fusion method is applied on selected cube feature. A co-registered HSI and LIDAR data set from Houston of USA was available to examine the effect of proposed MCS. Fuzzy MCS and HSI and LIDAR data provide interesting conclusions on the effectiveness and potentialities of the joint use of these two data.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Axelsson, P., 1999. Processing of laser scanner data-algorithms and applications. ISPRS J. Photogramm. 54, 138-147. Bartels, M., Wei, H., 2006. Rule-based improvement of maximum likelihood classified LIDAR data fused with co-registered bands. In: Annual Conference of the Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society.CD Proceedings, pp.1-9.
Literature cited 2: Brenan, R., Webster, T.L., 2006. Object -oriented land cover classification of LIDAR-derived surfaces.Can.J.Remote Sens. 32, 162-172. Breve, F., Ponti, M., Mascarenhas, N., 2007. Multilayer perceptron classifier combination for identification of materials on noisy soil science multispectral images. In: XX Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing, SIBGRAPI, pp. 24-239.

ID: 61042
Title: The impact of size variations in the ground instantaneous field of view of pixels on MODIS BRDF modeling.
Author: Geoffrey McCamley, Ian Grant, Simon Jones, Chris Bellman.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 38 302-308 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: MODIS, BRDF, GIFOV, MCD43, NDVI.
Abstract: Bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDF) seek to represent surface reflectance anisotropy resulting from surface physical structure and changes in a satellite sensor ' s view and solar illumination angles. NASA ' s MODerate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a wide field of view sensor that generates observations over a large range of view angles. Based on MODIS observations, a BRDF product and several sub-products have been developed by MODIS science teams, i.e. the MCD43 product suite. Variations in pixel ' s ground instantaneous field of view sensors such as MODIS science teams, i.e. the size of a pixel ' s footprint on the ground, is a well known effect associated with wide field of view sensors such as MODIS, but is not specifically considered in the MODIS BRDF algorithm nor has research been undertaken into its effects on MODIS BRDF modeling. This paper introduces two metrics to examine the relationship between reflectance variations associated with changes in MODIS pixel ' s GIFOV and the MODIS BRDF (MCD43) product. These metrics are applied to four different study areas and epochs across the Australian continent. The two metrics are shown to be well correlated (mean correlation coefficient of 0.81 for the four study areas); suggesting the variations in pixels ' GIFOW are consistent, non-random source of variance in MODIS BRDF modeling. The results contained in this paper suggest that all downstream products which include MODIS BRDF processing in their derivation and results directly based on MODIS BRDF processing may need to be reassessed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Armston, J.D., Scarth, P.F., Phinn, S.R., Danaher, T.J., 2006. Analysis of multi-data MISR measurements for forest and woodland communities, Queensland Australia. Remote Sens.Environ. 107, 287-298. Bannari, A., Morin, D., Bonn, F., Huete, A., 1995. A review of vegetation indices. Remote Sens.Rev.13, 95-120.
Literature cited 2: Diner, D.J., Asner, G.P., Davies, R., Knyazikhin, Y., Muller, J.-P., Nolin, A.W., Pinty, B., Schaaf, C.B., Stoeve, J., 1999. New Directions in earth observing: scientific applications of multiangle remote sensing.Bull.Am.Meteorol.Soc.80, 2209-2228.