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ID: 65590
Title: An Experimental Study on Strength of Concrete with Flyash and Steel Fibers
Author: Om V. Vaidya and Y.L. Bhirud
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 637-640 2022
Subject: An Experimental Study on Strength of Concrete with Flyash and Steel Fibers
Keywords: Flyash, Steel fibers, Hooked end steel fibers, Compressive strength, Steel fiber concrete
Abstract: Development industry is associated either coherently or correspondingly with the cement industry. In concrete, it assumes the part of generally huge, adaptable and energy consuming material. Thus, the replacement of the cement with other cementation material is able to straightforwardly affect the cost of concrete. Therefore, with the secondary cementations material, the flyash has been replaced with cement in different proportions. Replacing cement with flyash will overcome its dumping issues and it will decrease the cost of concrete. It affects strength of the concrete and makes it sustainable. In this investigation, cement has been replaced by flyash mixed with steel fiber reinforced concrete and making specimens to test the compressive, flexural and tensile strength. Steel fibers were added in various percentages, to check the impact of it on the mechanical properties of flyash mixed with steel fiber. The proportion of steel fiber is 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% and the flyash used to replace cement is 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. To determine the workability of flyash steel fiber reinforced concrete, slump test was also performed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: IS 12269. 1987. Indian standard specifications for 53 grade ordinary portland cement. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. Singh, P. and N.D. Shah. 2018. An experimental investigation on sustainable concrete with flyash and steel fibres. Int. J. Civil. Eng. Tech., 9(6): 1131-1140.
Literature cited 2: IS 10262. 2009. Guidelines for concrete mix design. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. IS 1199. 1959. Indian standard methods of sampling and analysis of concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

ID: 65589
Title: Exploration of Organic Wastes and Problematic Weeds as Absorbents for the Removal of Oil and Grease from Greywater
Author: Tasneem Abbasi, P. K. Mishra, R. Shreevidhya and S. A. Abbasi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 631-636 2022
Subject: Exploration of Organic Wastes and Problematic Weeds as Absorbents for the Removal of Oil and Grease from Greywater
Keywords: Sewage, greywater, oil and grease, biosorption, salvinia
Abstract: Inexpensive, rapid and effective removal of oil and grease from biodegradable wastewaters, such as sewage and greywater has been an enduring challenge. In an attempt to find absorbents that can accomplish this task, we have explored two aquatic weeds Salvinia (Salvinia molesta) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), three terrestrial plants purple milkweed (Asclepiaspur purascens), cogon grass (Imperatacy lindrica), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and four forms of organic waste that are known to be very hard to biodegrade – banana trunk fibre, rice husk, coir pith and discarded jute bags. It is seen that Salvinia is the most efficient remover of oil and grease, followed by water hyacinth and kenaf. Considering that both Salvinia and water hyacinth are not only abundantly available, but their removal is in the interest of protecting the wetlands, the present work opens a possibility of utilization of the weeds to the benefit of the environment. Efforts were also made to identify the fungal species present in the greywater and to see whether their cultures could degrade oil or ghee. But the attempts did not lead to any utilizable process and the use of the biosorbents reported in this study appears to be the preferred option for the removal of oil and grease.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Abbasi, T., S.M. Tauseef and S.A. Abbasi. 2012a. Biogas energy. Springer, New York. Abbasi, S.A., S. Gajalakshmi and T. Abbasi. 2012b. Zero waste generating, zero chemical using high rate wastewater treatment system. SHEFROL Official J. Patent Office. 2:7611.
Literature cited 2: Tauseef, S.M., T. Abbasi and S.A. Abbasi. 2013a. Energy recovery from wastewaters with high rate anaerobic digesters. Renew. Sustain. Energy Reviews. 19:704-741. Tauseef, S.M., et al. 2013 b. Methane capture from livestock manure. J. Env. Manage., 117-187-207.

ID: 65588
Title: Morphometric Analysis of Upstream Thandava Reservoir using RS and GIS Applications
Author: B.V. Ramanamurthy and B. Vijayasaradh
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 624-630 2022
Subject: Morphometric Analysis of Upstream Thandava Reservoir using RS and GIS Applications
Keywords: Morphometric analysis, Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission, USGS, Micro-watershed, Basin, Remote sensing, Geographical information system
Abstract: Morphometric analysis describes the nature of the land formation on the earth’s surface in the form of linear, aerial, and relief aspects. The morphometric analysis also helps in any hydrological investigation, like groundwater potential, quality and basin assessment and management. The present study carried out linear and aerial aspects of upstream Thandava reservoir located in Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh state, India. Alongwith field visit, remote sensing techniques and GIS software (Arc GIS 10.3) have been used in this study for the extraction of accurate data and analysis. Satellite images and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data had downloaded from USGS (earthexplorer.usgs.gov) have been taken as inputs for the performance of GIS outcomes. GIS has classified the study area into four sub-basins and the morphometric parameters have been computed using standard formulae. The micro-watersheds in an area less than 5 km2 have not been taken into account for analysis and based on the correlation of parameters of the basins the character of basins have shown in this study. Finally, by giving prioritization to the sub-basins, we could take sustainable measures for soil–water conservation, erosion control activities and flood risk mitigation at the right locations in the study area for improved planning and management.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Singh, S. and M.C. Singh. 1997. Morphometric analysis of Kanhar river basin. Natl. Geogr. J. India. 43:31-43. Horton, R. 1945. Erosional development of streams and their drainage basisn : Hydrophysical approach to quantative morphology. Geol. Soc. America Bull., 56(3):275-370.
Literature cited 2: Strahler, A.N. 1952. Dynamic basis of geomorphology. Geol. Soc. America Bull., 63:933-938. Strahler, A.N. 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. American J. Sci., 248:655-668.

ID: 65587
Title: Bioremediation Studies of Sugar Mill Effluent by using Fungal Isolates
Author: K. Parani, P. Veera Lakshmi and V. Suganthi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 618-623 2022
Subject: Bioremediation Studies of Sugar Mill Effluent by using Fungal Isolates
Keywords: Bioremediation, Sugar mill effluent, Fungal isolates, Physico-chemical parameters, Immobilized beads
Abstract: The sugar mill effluent was treated with fungal strains, such as Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger and immobilized fungal consortium as beads were used for the bioremediation. In this study, maximum reduction in BOD and COD values were observed, that is 56.7% and 62.6% with the effluent inoculated with immobilized culture followed by Aspergillus flavus (40.8%) and Aspergillus niger (50.9%). There was a maximum reduction of total solids (64.4%), total suspended solids (TSS) (70%) and total dissolved solids (TDS) (64.4%) were recorded in sugar mill effluent treated immobilized fungal cultures as compared to the raw effluent which showed 55.5% of total solids, 50% of total suspended solids (TSS) and 56% of total dissolved solids (TDS) on 20 days of bioremediation in sugar mill effluent, respectively. A gradual reduction in removal of salinity from 32% to 41.4% in effluent inoculated with different fungal strains and immobilized cultures during 20 days of incubation/bioremediation with sugar mill effluent as compared to untreated effluent (control) which 27.3% reduction of salinity. Aspergillus flavus remediated sugar mill effluent showed 34.6% of reduction in salinity which was in par with Penicillium species grown in sugar mill effluent (35.9%) on 20th day of incubation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Rao, M.N. and A. K. Dutta. 1987. Wastewater treatment (2nd edn). Oxford Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd. Buvaneswari, S., S. Damodarkumar and S. Murugesan. 2013. Bioremediation studies on sugar mill effluent by selected fungal species. Int. J. Curr. Micorbial. Appl. Sci., 2(1): 50–58.
Literature cited 2: Mohana, S., C. Desai and D. Madamwar. 2007. Biodegradation decolourisation of an aerobically treated distillery spent wash by a novel bacterial consortium. Bioresour. Tech., 98: 333 – 339. Aniyikaiye, E. T., T. Oluseyi and J. N. Edokpayi. 2019. Physico-chemical analysis of wastewater discharge from selected paint industries in Lagos, Nigeria. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health. 16:1235. doi: 10.3390 /ijerph16071235w.

ID: 65586
Title: Investigations on Surface Modification of Coconut Cake and Adsorption of Dyes from Aqueous Media
Author: Thomas Mathew, P.J. Joseph Francis and Madhu G
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 613-617 2022
Subject: Investigations on Surface Modification of Coconut Cake and Adsorption of Dyes from Aqueous Media
Keywords: Adsorption, Biopolymer, Coconut cake, Dye removal, pH
Abstract: Adsorption is a universal water treatment process since it can be applied to remove soluble and insoluble organic, inorganic and biological materials. Biopolymers having rigid structural features and required surface properties are being used as adsorbents to remove pollutants from aqueous systems due to their availability, efficiency and environmental friendliness. The present research work is a study of the adsorption capability of treated coconut cake to remove certain dyes from water at different hydrogen ion concentrations (pH). The monomeric materials from crude coconut cake are removed by proper treatments and the remaining polymeric mixture has properties to function as adsorbents in water purification processes. The treated coconut cake is mainly a mixture of cellulose and proteins and their functional group diversity can be exploited. The pH-dependence of adsorption of dyes is explained in terms of the surface modifications that have occurred to the biopolymeric mixture with respect to the pH of the medium.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Korantowsky, J. 2005. Expressiveness of adsorption measurements for characterization of zeolitic materials—A review. Adsorption. 11: 275—293. Sharma, A. and K. G. Bhattacharyya. 2004. Adsorption of chromium (VI) on Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder. Adsorption.10: 327— 338.
Literature cited 2: Shukla, S.R. and R.S. Pai. 2005. Adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) on dye loaded groundnut shells and sawdust. Sep. Purif. Tech., 43:1-8. Aljeboree, A. M., A. N. Alshirifi and A.F. Alkaim. 2017. Kinetics and equilibrium study for the adsorption of textile dyes on coconut shell activated carbon. Arabian J. Chem., 10: S3381–S3393.

ID: 65585
Title: Spatio-temporal Study of Pond Water Quality using Principal Component Analysis: A Geographical Study of Jaunpur City
Author: Dipak Prasad, Ashutosh Singh, Brototi Biswas and Srabani Sanyal
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 606-612 2022
Subject: Spatio-temporal Study of Pond Water Quality using Principal Component Analysis: A Geographical Study of Jaunpur City
Keywords: Water quality, Water pollutants, Physico-chemical characteristics, Principal component analysis
Abstract: Green spaces, such as parks; urban forests; vacant plot, gardens and yards, campus areas, landfills and blue spaces, including streams, lakes, ponds, artificial swales and storm water retention ponds are the diverse of habitats of urban ecosystem. To offer a safe shelter in the urban environment; wetlands, ponds, swales and trenches for water storage can promote the biodiversity of aquatic organisms. Ponds of a geographical area always play an significant role to preserve the potentiality of groundwater, maintenance of aesthetic beauty with their untouched view for their locality, etc. Anthropogenic pollutants (sewage flow, solid waste, road salt and heavy metals, etc.), invasive species and active mismanagement—particularly the removal of riparian vegetation are the major anthropogenic stressors with results of the worsen condition of aquatic urban biodiversity. The heavy load of sewage water and solid waste in absence of sewerage connection or negligence of waste collection in the city are poorly reducing the area of water bodies, for example ponds, lakes, etc. Being a developing country, India, have prosperous freshwater resources in the form of rivers, kunds, ponds and lakes, etc. District Jaunpur of Uttar Pradesh is popularly known for its ponds. The city, situated on the bank of river Gomti which bisects the city of Jaunpur (located between 25°44’ to 25°46’ north latitude and 82°40’ to 82°43’ east longitude) in the north and south directions. The developments, urbanization and load of the various pollutant sources lead to deterioration of the ponds. Population growth and urbanisation rate in the city is very high during last few decades. There are about nine to ten ponds are located within the city. This study aims to investigate the level of physico-chemical properties, spatio-temporal distribution and also wish to find out the major component (using PCA) among all the parameters of major urban ponds in the ecological system of Jaunpur city which is located within the municipal area of the city.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Lawrence, I. and P. Breen. 1998. Design guidelines: Stormwater pollution control ponds and wetlands. Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology. Miller, I.W. 2009. Farm ponds for water, fish and lifelihoods. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Literature cited 2: Yadav, A., et al. 2016. Urban pond water contamination in India. J. Env. Prot., 7:52-59. Soni, R.N. and S.A. Bhatt. 2008. Periodical ecological study of urban ponds in Vadodara Tall, 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference. Proceedings, pp 1591-1596.

ID: 65584
Title: Bioremoval of Carpet Dye from Effluent and Their Influence on the Growth of Tomato (Gaytri F1) and Cicer arietinum
Author: Karuna Singh, Pankaj Kumar and Nrapendra Vir Singh
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 600-605 2022
Subject: Bioremoval of Carpet Dye from Effluent and Their Influence on the Growth of Tomato (Gaytri F1) and Cicer arietinum
Keywords: Textile water, Wastewater, Removal, Aspergillus niger MTC1344, Bioremoval, Germination
Abstract: The textile industry is one of the largest consumers of potable water and consequently, produces a huge amount of dye-containing wastewater. Discharge of this dye-bearing wastewater into the rivers poses severe problems to the aquatic life, food web and causes damage to the aesthetic nature of the environment. Colour removal from this wastewater is necessary not only because of its potential toxicity, but also mainly due to its visibility problem. There have been various techniques for the removal of dyes, like physical, chemical and biological, but the effectiveness of bioremoval of dye from wastewater has made it an ideal alternative to other treatment methods. The objective of this paper is to study the potential of removal of dye from textile water by fungi Aspergillus niger MTC1344 and its subsequent impact on the growth of the tomato and gram. Aspergillus niger is shown to be an efficient fungus for removal of Carpet dye effluent and it can decolourize dye effluent upto 78.40±0.305 on 7th day of the incubation period. Germination, seedling growth and shoot length showed a significant increase at 10% and 25% of the effluent concentration.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sivakumar, D. 2014. Role of Lemna minor Lin in treating the textile industry wastewater. Int. J. Env. Ecol. Geol. Mineral Eng., 8:203-207. Ghaly, A., et al. 2014. Production, characterization and treatment of textile effluents : A critical review. J. Chem. Eng. Process Tech., 5:1-18.
Literature cited 2: Popli, S. and U.D. Patel. 2015. Destruction of azo dyes by anaerobic-aerobic sequential biological treatment: A review. Int. J. Env. Sci. Tech., 12:405-420. Yaseen, D.A. and M. Scholz. 2016. Shallow pond systems planted with Lemna minor treating azo dyes. Ecol. Eng., 94:295-305.

ID: 65583
Title: A Household Survey During Corona Virus Pandemic to Assess Indoor Air Quality and their Correlation with Women’s Health Parameters
Author: Prachi Dixit, Kajal S. Rathore, Ashish Kumar and Shivom Singh
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 590-591 2022
Subject: A Household Survey During Corona Virus Pandemic to Assess Indoor Air Quality and their Correlation with Women’s Health Parameters
Keywords: Household air pollution, Biomass fuel, Chulha, Cardiovascular diseases, Respiratory issues, Particulate matter
Abstract: Releases from biomass burning are a key basis of household air pollution (HAP) and this is estimated to originate millions of early fatalities globally. HAP is closely allied with respiratory sickness. Main objective of the survey is to assess indoor air quality (IAQ) during lockdown amid COVID-19 and to confirm the lockdown consequences and alliance between some risk and respiratory issues among rural women of the Chambal region in Madhya Pradesh. The questionnaire-based survey was conducted during lockdown, that is from April 2020 to May 2020. Study was confined to four villages (Adupurajagir, Chourai, Mitawali-Padhawali and Gora) of districts from Chambal zone, namely Gwalior, Bhind, Morena and Datia, respectively. On the basis of various criteria, such as demographic characteristics, household characteristics, kitchen characteristics, cooking stove (chulha) characteristics, cooking pattern, use of different types of biomass fuel, ventilation pattern, health history of cook and their household members. Finally, 152 households were surveyed and 100 samples were eligible hence, 25 households from each village were selected for this study.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mondal, N.K., et al. 2011. A comparative assessment of status of indoor air pollution of few selected families of rural and urban area of Burdwan town and its adjoining area. Int. J. Env. Sci., 5:736-743. WHO. 2018. Opportunities for transition to clean household energy: Application of the household energy assessment rapid tool (HEART) in India. World Health Organization.
Literature cited 2: Sarkar, S., et al. 2014. Survey of indoor air pollution and health symptoms at residential building. Int. Lett. Nat. Sci., 13:17-30. Poursafa, P. and R. Kelishadi. 2011. What health professionals should know about the health effects of air pollution and climate change on children and pregnant mothers. Iran J. Nurs. Midwifery Res., 16:257-8209.

ID: 65582
Title: Optimizing Odds of Energy Supply by Reducing Corresponding Environmental Impacts
Author: Ildiko Tulbure and Marius Berca
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 585-590 2022
Subject: Optimizing Odds of Energy Supply by Reducing Corresponding Environmental Impacts
Keywords: Energy supply system, Environmental impact, Technology assessment, Environmental footprint, Sustainable development
Abstract: The innovative thinking way of human beings has always supported desired increase in human’s quality of life. Nevertheless emerging industrial activities have had positive desired impacts on human’s quality of life and also negative undesired ones, especially on environment and society. Undesired impacts of conventional energy technologies have especially been perceivable on environment. In this regard chances and challenges of energy technologies during their whole life cycle should be considered, starting with corresponding energy supply systems. These systems, which are widely based on fossil fuels, since a while starting to use also renewable energy resources, have to be carefully analysed and assessed by considering assure sustainability of human society. In this regard not only technological and economic criteria have to be taken into account but also environmental and social ones. By using methods and instruments of technology assessment, environmental impacts of energy supply systems can be holistically analyzed and assessed. In this regard corresponding environmental footprint will be established for energy supply systems in the context of a Romanian case study and compared to Indian situation in this field. Optimizing odds of energy supply systems can be in this way recognized in order to minimize environmental impacts.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Jischa, M.F. 2014. Future challenge (2nd edn). Neudruck, Springer, Spektrum Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany. Tulbure, I. 2003. Integrative modeling for the description of transformation processes. VDI, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Literature cited 2: Tulbure, I. 2016. Sustainable city in Romania-From vision to reality. In Designing sustainable urban futures-Concepts and practices from different countries. Ed M. Albiez, G. Banse, K.C. Lindeman and A. Quint. KIT Scientific Publishing, Karlsruhe, Germany. pp 73-84. Nagel, J. 2019. Optimization of energy supply systems-Modelling, programming and analysis. Springer, Basel, Switzerland.

ID: 65581
Title: Analysis of the Chemical Alterations Induced in the Polyethylene Exposed to Chemical Surfactants
Author: Shailja Singh, Shiv Shankar and Shikha
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 581-584 2022
Subject: Analysis of the Chemical Alterations Induced in the Polyethylene Exposed to Chemical Surfactants
Keywords: Polyethylene, Pollution, Degradation, Energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy
Abstract: Polyethylene has emerged as the most used plastic material around the globe. Main benefit of polyethylene being used widely is its durability and resistance to numerous chemicals. These properties of polyethylene have made it resistant to degradation leading to its accumulation in the environment, ultimately results in major environmental pollution. In order to deal with plastic pollution, researchers are engaged in finding eco-friendly ways to degrade plastic, like polyethylene. Commonly there are three types of methods for degrading polyethylene, like biological, chemical and physical methods. So, in the study presented here the chemical way of dealing with the low density polyethylene waste has been done. Basically three chemical surfactants sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and Tween 80 in different concentrations were used for the study. The results of energy dispersive X-ray, X- ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy revealed that SDS was found to be more effective in oxidizing polyethylene.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Skariyachan, S., et al. 2015. Selection and screening of microbial consortia for efficient and eco-friendly degradation of plastic garbage collected from urban and rural areas of Bangalore, India. Env. Monit. Assess., 187:4174. Urum, K., T. Pekdemir and M. Copur. 2004. Surfactants treatments of crude oil contaminated soils. J. Colloid. Interface Sci., 276:456-464.
Literature cited 2: Mulligan, C.N., R.N. Yong and B.F. Gibbs. 2001. Surfactant-enhanced remediation of contaminated soil : A review. Eng. Geol., 60:371-380. Gonzalez, V.S., et al. 2011. Thermal and catalytic degradation of polyethylene wastes in the presence of silica gel, 5 A molecular sieve and activated carbon. J. Hazard. Mater., 187:101-112.

ID: 65580
Title: Impact of Air Quality Variations on COVID-19 Determinants: A Study of Four Selected Cities of India
Author: Sandeep Chand, Shweta Mittal, Puneeta Ajmera and Jaseela Majeed
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 573-580 2022.
Subject: Impact of Air Quality Variations on COVID-19 Determinants: A Study of Four Selected Cities of India
Keywords: SARS-CoV2, COVID-19, Air quality index, Air pollution, Fine particulate matter
Abstract: Governments across the world are making considerable efforts in confronting COVID-19, from nationwide lockdowns to hygiene measures and maintaining social distancing. But at the same time, role of aerosols or/and the high concentrations of fine particulate matter or/and AQI levels in infection transmission and increasing the prevalence, morbidity and mortality of pandemic has been largely unexplored specifically in India where pollution attains peak in October and November every year. In the present study, we collected data regarding air quality index and COVID-19 determinants of four Indian cities : Bangalore, Delhi, Mumbai and Shillong from 1 October 2020 to 16 November 2020. We performed an analysis of variance on the regression model to estimate and quantify the strength of relationship between COVID-19 determinants and air pollution index (AQI). Results show that AQI has a significant impact on both response variables, that is COVID-19 cases as well as mortality (p<0.05 at 95% confidence level) in Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore (p<0.05) but in Shillong no impact of AQI on COVID-19 cases and AQI (p=0.343), as well as deaths (p=0.664), was observed. We conclude that it is both conceivable and reasonable to suspect the role of increased AQI levels in aggravating COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Thus, we recommend that critical meteorological conditions, like haze/smog caused by factors, like stubble burning or firing crackers should be predicted and monitored more systematically as they may lead to deterioration of respiratory problems. As the whole world is striving to fight against the deadly pandemic, it is extremely imperative to focus not only on human health as a part of response but also on global planetary health. Short term measures that can minimize supplementary risks, like adverse weather situations including pollution, poor air quality should be considered more meticulously and judiciously so that new flares of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality can be restricted.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: MoHFW. 2020. Covid-19. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India. Majeed, J., P. Ajmera and R.K. Goyal. 2020. Delineating clinical characteristics and comorbidities among 206 COVID-19 decreased patients in India : Emerging significance of renin angiotensin system derangement. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 167:108349.
Literature cited 2: Timo, S., L. Gianrocco and S. Marcel. 2019. Assessing the dynamics and control of droplet and aerosol-transmitted influenza using an indoor positioning system. Sci. Report. 9(1). Rohrer, M., A. Flahaut and M. Stoffel. 2020. Peaks of fine particulate matter may modulate the spreading and virulence of Covid-19. Earth Systems env., 4:789-796.

ID: 65579
Title: Human Health Risk Assessment due to Arsenic in Drinking Water: A Case of Bhojpur, Bihar
Author: Astha Kumari, Akash Tripathi and N.S. Maurya
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 565-572 2022.
Subject: Human Health Risk Assessment due to Arsenic in Drinking Water: A Case of Bhojpur, Bihar
Keywords: Arsenic, groundwater, Sinha block, Monte Carlo simulation, Exposure assessment
Abstract: This study discusses the risk posed to the residents of Sinha block, Bhojpur district, Bihar due to consuming reportedly high levels of arsenic-contaminated groundwater. Samples have shown an elevated level of arsenic concentration in the range of 43.32-395.20 µg/L with an average of 186.26 and a standard deviation of 110.64. The average daily dose (ADD) was calculated using the integrated risk assessment system (IRIS) developed by USEPA, for three age groups, namely children (0-6 years), teens (6-16 years) and adults (>16 years). Results showed 100 times greater ADD than the safe limit of 0.0003 mg/kg/day. The mean hazard quotient had shown a very high value of 36.1 which can be concluded as a severe non-carcinogenic risk threat to the study area. Carcinogenic risk (CR) value >10-6 indicates potential risk and the safe limit of carcinogenic risk is <10-4 when results were compared to these values, we found a very high risk of 10-2. Children and the adults in the study are found to be more susceptible to risk. For assessing uncertainty and sensitivity of inputs variables Monte Carlo simulation was used.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Baig, S.A., et al. 2015. Arsenic removal from natural water using low cost granulated adsorbents : A review. Clean Soil Air Water. 43:13-26. Shakoor, M.B., et al. 2017. Human health implications, risk assessment and remediation of As-contaminated water: A critical review. Sci. Total Env., 601-602:756-769.
Literature cited 2: USEPA. 2004. Risk assessment guidance for superfund (RAGS). Volume I. Human health evaluation manual (HHEM) (Part E, supplemental guidance for dermal risk assessment). Paul, D., et al. 2015. Arsenic biotransformation and release by bacteria indigenous to arsenic contaminated groundwater. Bioresour. Tech., 188:14-23.

ID: 65578
Title: Imidacloprid Pesticide residues: The estimation of Lipid peroxidation and Osmotic Fragility effects
Author: Ali Guendouz, Assia Belguet and Saliha Dahamna
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 559-564 2022.
Subject: Imidacloprid Pesticide residues: The estimation of Lipid peroxidation and Osmotic Fragility effects
Keywords: Imidacloprid, Residues, In-vitro, Lipid peroxidation, Hemolytic activity
Abstract: The objectives of this study are to quantify the imidacloprid pesticide residues in cucumber samples; to study the in-vitro effects of this pesticide on lipid peroxidation and hemolytic activity and finally, based on the mathematical models we estimate the values equivalent to the concentrations of pesticide residues detected in the vegetable samples. For the extraction of pesticide residues from vegetable samples we used the FaPEx kits. Agilent Technologies 1260 infinity high performance liquid chromatography having UV/visible detector was used for the identification and quantification of pesticides residues. The results of this study proved the presence of pesticide residues in cucumber tested with higher values compared with their corresponding MRLs. The in-vitro study of the effects of the imidacloprid pesticide on lipid peroxidation and hemolytic activity demonstrate significant effects of the different concentrations on both activities. The estimation by mathematical models of malondialdehyde quantity and hemolytic activity equivalent to the concentrations of the pesticide residues detected in vegetable samples proved the non-toxicity effects of these residues.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Duzguner, V. and S. Erdogan. 2012. Chronic exposure to imidacloprid induces inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver and central nervous system of rats. Pesticide Biochem. Physiol., 104:58-64. Kamrin, M.A. 1997. Pesticide profiles : Toxicity, environmental impact and fate. CRC Press.
Literature cited 2: D‘Almeida, V.H., et al. 1997. Absence of oxidative stress following paradoxical sleep deprivation in rats. Neurosci. Lett., 235:25-28. Kanbur, M., et al. 2008. Effects of cypermethrin, propetamphos and combination involving cypermethrin and propetamphos on lipid peroxidation in mice. Env. Toxicol., 23(4):473-479.

ID: 65577
Title: A Survey on Statistical Methods used in Air Quality Prediction
Author: Tripta Narayan, Tanushree Bhattacharya, Soubhik Chakraborty, and Swapan Konar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 549-558 2022.
Subject: A Survey on Statistical Methods used in Air Quality Prediction
Keywords: Autoregressive integrated moving average, forecasting, kriging, multivariate linear regression analysis, air pollution
Abstract: Air quality is a matter of prime concern nowadays. When the air gets contaminated or has exceeded the permissible concentration values of some constituents, it is termed air pollution. It may harm the ecological system as well as the natural conditions for the existence of humans. This situation has motivated scholars to conduct significant research work in this area. In such research, the prediction of air quality has been the focus. Prediction of air pollution provides a basis for taking effective precautionary pollution control measures. This article deals with the statistical techniques for the analysis and prediction of air pollution. For this, databases were searched for the relevant literature published during the decade. Studies were reviewed and the methodologies adopted were analysed by comparing their advantages and disadvantages. Non-linear techniques are better than linear techniques to predict air pollution. Among the technologies developed so far, multivariate linear regression analysis is the most common and widely used technique. Artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM) and hybrid models have shown the calibre for better prediction in future. It has been found that there is further scope to improve the accuracy of prediction. Thus, this area is quite open, unsaturated and promising and therefore, it is hoped that the present review will provide helpful guidelines for the forthcoming researchers in this domain.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Baklanov, A., et al. 2007. Integrated systems for forecasting urban meteorology, air pollution and population exposure. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7:855-874. Brunelli, U., et al. 2007. Two-day ahead predication of daily maximum concentration of SO2, O3, PM10, NO2, CO in the urban area of Palermo, Italy. Atmos. Env., 41:2967-2995.
Literature cited 2: Stadlober, E., S. Hormann and B. Pfeiler. 2008. Quality and performance of a PM10daily forecasting model. Atmos. Env., 42:1098-1109. Paschalidou, A.K., et al. 2011. Forecasting hourly PM10concentration in Cyprus through artificial neural networks and multiple regression models : Implications to local environmental management. Env. Sci. Poll. Res., 18:316-327.

ID: 65576
Title: Control of Pollutants from Spark-Ignition Engine with Butanol Blended Gasoline
Author: M.V.S. Murali Krishna, Ipsita Mohanty and Maddali Ravi Chandra
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (5) May. 22 page 543-548 2022.
Subject: Control of Pollutants from Spark-Ignition Engine with Butanol Blended Gasoline
Keywords: Spark-ignition engine, Alternative fuels, Exhaust emissions, Catalytic converter, Air injection
Abstract: Health hazards, environmental impact and greenhouse effect caused by spark-ignition engine emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (UBHC) emissions and nitrogen oxide (NOx) are to be immediately addressed. Alcohols are important substitutes for gasoline, as their properties are comparable to gasoline fuel, especially their cetane numbers are higher than that of gasoline. If the engine is run with alcohol, carcinogenic aldehydes are also to be checked. Investigations were carried out to control pollutants from a four-stroke, variable speed, variable compression ratio, single-cylinder, spark-ignition (SI) engine, with normal butanol, blended gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% butanol by volume) provided with catalytic converter with copper as a catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with neat gasoline operation. Exhaust emissions of CO, HC and NOx were evaluated at different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine. A microprocessor-based analyser was used for the measurement of nitrogen oxide levels and CO/HC in the exhaust of the engine. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde levels were measured by wet-method. The engine was provided with a catalytic converter with copper as a catalyst along with air injection. Catalytic converter with air injection significantly reduced pollutants with test fuels.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ferguson, C.R. and A.T. Kirkpatrick. 2001. Internal combustion engines: Applied thermoscience. John Wiley and Sons. Usha Madhuri, T., et al. 2003. A study on automobile exhaust pollution with regard to carbon monoxide emissions. Nature Env. Poll., 2:473-474.
Literature cited 2: Fulekar, M.H., et al. 2004. Chemical pollution-A threat to human life. Indian J. Env. Prot., 24:353-359. Sharma, B.K. 2004. Engineering chemistry. Pragathi Prakashan (P) Ltd., Meerut. pp 150-160.