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ID: 61836
Title: Effects of post-fire wood management strategies on vegetation recovery and land surface temperature (LST) estimated from Landsat images.
Author: Lidia Vlassova, Fernando Perez-Cabello.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 171-183 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Post-fire wood management, Salvage logging, Ecosystem recovery, Landsat-8, NDVI, Land surface temperature (LST).
Abstract: The study contributes remote sensing data to the discussion about effects of post-fire wood management strategies on forest regeneration. Land surface temperature (LST) and Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI), estimated fromLandsat-8 images are used as indicators of pinus halepensis ecosystem recovery after 2008 fire in areas of three post-fire treatments: (1) salvage logging with wood extraction from the site on skidders in suspended position (SL); (2) snag shredding in situ leaving wood debris in place (SS) performed two years after the event; and (3) non-intervention control areas (CL) where all snags were left standing. Six years after the fire NDVI values~0.5 estimated from satellite images and field radiometry indicate considerable considerable vegetation recovery due to efficient regeneration traits developed by the dominant plant species. However, two years after management activities in part of the burnt area, the effect of SL and SS on ecosystem recovery is observed in terms of both LST and NDVI. Statistically significant differences are detected between the intervened areas (SL and SS) and control areas of non-intervention (CL); no difference is registered between zones of different intervention types (SL and SS).CL areas are on average 1 ?C cooler and 10 % greener than those corresponding to either SL or SS, because of the beneficial effects of burnt wood residuals, which favor forest recovery through (1) enhanced nutrient cycling in soils, (ii) avoidance of soil surface disturbance and mechanical damage of seedlings typical to the managed areas, and (iii) ameliorated microclimate. The results of the study show that in fire-resilient ecosystems, such as P.halepensis forests, NDVI is higher and LST is lower in areas with no management intervention, being an indication of more favorable conditions for vegetation regeneration.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Agee, J.K., 1998.Fire and pine ecosystems. In: Richardson, D.M.(Ed.).Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.193-218. ASD, 2012.FieldSpec pro user ' s guide.AsDinc, Boulder.
Literature cited 2: Badia, D., Marti, C., Charte, R., 2011.Soil erosion and conservation measures in semiarid ecosystems affected by wildfires. In: Godone, D. (Ed), Soil Erosion Studies.INTECH Open Access Publisher, pp.87-110. Baird, B.N., 2006.Comment on post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk. Science 313, 615.

ID: 61835
Title: Multiscale object-based drought monitoring and comparison in rainfed and irrigated agriculture from Landsat 8 OLI imagery.
Author: Emre Ozelkan, Gang Chen, Burak Berk Ustundag
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 159-170 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Drought, Agriculture, SPI, NDVI, Irrigated, Rainfed, GEOBIA, Landsat OLI
Abstract: Drought is a rapidly rising environmental issue that can cause hardly repaired or unrepaired damages to the nature and socio-economy. This is especially true for a region that features arid/semi-arid climate, including the Turkey ' s most important agricultural district-Southeast Anatolia. In this area, we examined the uncertainties of applying Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) NDVI data to estimate meteorological drought-Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) measured from 31 in-situ agro-meteorological monitoring stations during spring and summer of 2013 and 2014.Our analysis was designed to address two important, yet under-examined questions: (i) how does the co-existence of rainfed and irrigated agriculture affect remote sensing drought monitoring using a GEOBIA (geographic object-based image analysis) framework ? Results show that spatial scale exerted a higher impact on drought monitoring especially in the drier year 2013, during which small scales were found to outperform large scales in general. In addition, consideration of irrigated an rainfed areas separately ensured a better performance in drought analysis. Compared to the positive correlations between SPI and NDVI over the rainfed areas, negative correlations were determined over the irrigated agricultural areas. Finally, the time lag effect was evident in the study, i.e., strong correlations between spring SPI and summer NDVI in both 2013 and 2014.This reflects the fact that spring watering is crucial for the growth and yield of the major crops (i.e., winter wheat, barley and lentil) cultivated in the region.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Addink, E.A., de Jong, S.M., Pebesma, E.J., 2007.The importance of scale in object-based mapping of vegetation parameters with hyperspectral imagery.Photogramm.Eng.Remote Sens.73, 905-912, http:dx.doi.org/1014358/PERS73.8.905. Alganci, U., Ozdogan, M., Sertel, E., Ormeci, C., 2014.Estimating maize and cotton yield in southeastern Turkey with integrated us of satellite images.meteorological data and digital photographs. Field Crops Res.157, 8-19, http:dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.006.
Literature cited 2: Amosse, C., Jeuffroy, M., David, C., 2013.Relay intercropping of legume cover crops in organic winter wheat: effects on performance and resource availability. Field Crops Res.145, 78-87, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.02.010 Ayamba,A., Tucker, C.J., 2005.Analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data from 1981 to 2003.J.Arid Environ.63, 1847-1859, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.03.007.

ID: 61834
Title: Polarimetric SAR decomposition parameter subset selection and their optimal dynamic range evaluation for urban area classification using Random Forest.
Author: Siddharth Hariharan, Siddhesh Tirodkar, Avik Bhattacharya
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 144-158 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Random Forest, Classification, Urban, SAR Polarimetry, Parameter selection, Optimal range
Abstract: Urban area classification is important for monitoring the ever increasing urbanization and studying its environmental impact. Two NASA JPL ' s UAVSAR datasets of L-band (wavelength: 23 cm) were used in this study for urban area classification. The two datasets used in this study are different in terms of urban area structures, building patterns, their geometric shapes and sizes. In these datasets, some urban areas appear oriented about the radar line of sight (LOS) while some areas appear non-oriented. In this study, roll invariant polarimetric SAR decomposition parameters were used to classify these urban areas. Random Forest (RF), which is an ensemble decision tree learning technique, was used in this study. R F performs parameter subset selection as a part of its classification procedure. In this study, parameter subsets were obtained and analyzed to infer scattering mechanisms useful for urban area classification. The Cloude-Pottier ?, the Touzi dominant scattering amplitude ?s1 and the anisotropy A were among the top six important parameters selected for both the datasets. However, it was observed that these parameters were ranked differently for the two datasets. However, it was observed that these parameters were ranked differently for the two datasets. The urban area classification using RF was compared with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) for both the datasets. R F outperforms SVM by 4 % and MLC by 12 % in Dataset 1. It also outperforms SVM and MLC by 3.5 % and 11 % respectively in Dataset 2.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Amari, S., 1999.Improving support vector machine classifiers by modifying kernel functions. Neural Netw.12 (6), 783-789. Baruch-Mordo, S.,Evans, J.S.,Severson, J.P.,Naugle, D.E., Maestas, J.D.,Kiesecker, J.M., Falkowski, M.J., Hagen, C.A., Reese, K.P., 2013.Saving sage-grouse from the trees: a proactive solution to reducing a key threat to a candidate species. Biological Conservation 167 (0), 233-241 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320713002917.
Literature cited 2: Bhattacharya, A., Touzi, R., 2012.Polarimetric SAR urban classification using the Touzi target scattering decomposition.Can.J.Remote Sens. 37 (4), 323-332 http://dx.doi.org/10.5589/m11-042 Bostanci, B., Bostanci, E., 2013.An evaluation of classification algorithms using McNemar ' s test.In: Bansal, J.C., Singh, P.K., Deep, K., Pant, M., Nagar, A.K. (Eds), Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applictions (BIC-TA 2012). Vol. 201 of advances in intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer India, pp.15-26, http:dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1038-2-2.

ID: 61833
Title: Estimation of rice leaf nitrogen contents based on hyerspectral LIDAR.
Author: Lin Du, Wei Gong, Shuo Shi, Jian Yang, Jia Sun, Bo Zhu, Shalei Song.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 136-143 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Precision agriculture, Hyperspectral LIDAR, Support vector machine, Wavelength selection, Channel correlation, Nitrogen content.
Abstract: Precision agriculture has become a global research hotspot in recent years. Thus, a technique for rapidly monitoring a farmland in a large scale and for accurately monitoring the growing status of crops needs to be established. In this paper, a novel technique, i.e., hyperspectral LIDAR (HL) which worked based on wide spectrum emission and 32-channel detector was introduced, and its potential in vegetation detection was then evaluated. These spectra collected by HL were used to classify and derive the nitrogen contents of rice under four different nitrogen content levels with support vector machine (SVM) regression. Meanwhile the wavelength selection and channel correction method for achieving high spectral resolution were discussed briefly. The analysis results show that: (1) the reflectance intensity of the selected characteristics wavelengths of HL system has high correlation with different nitrogen contents levels of rice. (2) By increasing the number of wavelengths in calculation, the classification accuracy is greatly improved (from 54 % with 4 wavelengths to 0.75 with 32 wavelengths) and so the regression coefficient r2 is (from 0.51 with 4 wavelengths to 0.75 with 32 wavelengths). (3) Support vector machine (SVM) is a useful regression method for rice leaf nitrogen contents retrieval. These analyses results can help farmers to make fertilization strategies more accurately. The receiving channels and characteristic wavelengths of HL system can be flexibly selected according to different requirements and thus this system will be applied in other fields, such as geologic exploration an environmental monitoring.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bao, Jiangfeng, Chi, Mingmin, Benediktsson, Jon Atli, 2013.Spectral derivative features for classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images: experimental evaluation.IEEE J.Selected Top.Appl.Earth Obs.Remote Sens.6 (2), 594-601. Blackburn, George Alan, 1998.Spectral indices for estimating photosynthetic pigment concentrations: a test using senescent tree leaves.Int.J.Remote Sens.19 (4), 657-675.
Literature cited 2: Borengasser, Marcus, Hungate, William S., Watkins, Russell, 2010.Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications.Crc Press. Brenning, Alexander, 2009.Benchmarking classifiers to optimally integrate terrain analysis and multispectral remote sensing in automatic rock glacier detection. Remote Sens.Environ. 113 (1), 239-247.

ID: 61832
Title: Comparative assessment of thematic accuracy of GLC maps for specific applications using existing reference data.
Author: N.E.Tsendbazar, S. de Bruin, B.Mora, L.Schouten, M.Herold.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 124-135 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Global land cover, Accuracy assessment, Comparison, Reference dataset, User applications, Weighted accuracy assessment.
Abstract: Input to various applications and models, current global land cover (GLC) maps are based on different data sources and methods. Therefore, comparing GLC maps is challenging. Statistical comparison of GLC maps is further complicated by the lack of a reference dataset that is suitable for validating multiple maps. This study utilizes the existing Globcover-2005 reference dataset to compare thematic accuracies of three GLC maps for the year 2005 (Globcover, LC-CCI and MODIS).We translated and reinterpreted the LCCS (land cover classification system) classifier information of the reference dataset into the different map legends. The three maps were evaluated for a variety of applications, i.e., general circulation models, dynamic global vegetation models, agriculture assessments, carbon estimation and biodiversity assessments, using weighted accuracy assessment. Based on the impact of land cover confusions on the overall weighted accuracy of the GLC maps, we identified map improvement priorities. Overall accuracies were 70.8 ? 1.4 %, 71.4 ? 1.3 %, and 61.3 ? 1.5 % for LC-CCI, MODIS, and Globcover, respectively. Weighted accuracy assessment produced increased overall accuracies (80-93 %) since not all class confusion errors are important for specific applications. As a common denominator for all applications, the classes mixed trees; shrubs, grasses, and cropland were identified as improvement priorities. The results demonstrated the necessity of accounting for dissimilarities in the importance of map classification errors for different user application. To determine the fitness of use of GLC maps, accuracy of GLC maps should be assessed per application; there is no single-figure accuracy estimate expressing map fitness for all purposes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bicheron, P., Defourny, P., Brockmann, C., Schouten, L., Vancutsem, C., Huc, M., et al., 2008.GLOBCOVER: Products Description and Validation Report. MEDIAS-France, Toulouse, France. Bontemps, S., Defourny, P., Van Bogaert, E., Kalogirou, V., Arino, O., 2011.GLOBCOVER: Products Description and Validation Report.UCLouvain and ESA.
Literature cited 2: Card, D.H., 1982.Using known map category marginal frequencies to improve estimates of thematic map accuracy.Photogramm.Eng.Remote Sens.48 (3), 431-439. CCI-LC, 2014.CCI-LC Product User Guide.UCL-Geomatics, Belgium.

ID: 61831
Title: Measuring and monitoring linear woody features in agricultural landscapes through earth observation data as an indicator of habitat availability.
Author: J.Pasher, M.McGovern, V.Putinski
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 113-123 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Linear woody features, Hedgerows, Windbreaks, Landscape, Biodiversity, Indicators, Line intersect sampling, Earth observation, Monitoring.
Abstract: The loss of natural habitats and the loss of biological diversity is a global problem affecting all ecosystems including agricultural landscapes. Indicators of biodiversity can provide standardized measures that make it easier to compare and communicate changes to an ecosystem. In agricultural landscapes the amount and variety of available habitat is directly correlated with biodiversity levels. Linear woody features (LWF), including hedgerows, windbreaks, shelterbelts as well as woody shrubs along fields, roads and water courses, play a vital role in supporting biodiversity as well as serving a wide variety of other purposes in the ecosystem. Earth observation can be used to quantify and monitor LWF across the landscape. While individual features can be manually mapped, this research focused on the development of methods using line intersect sampling (LIS) for estimating LWF as an indicator of habitat availability in agricultural landscapes. The methods are accurate, efficient, repeatable and provide robust results. Methods were tested over 9.5 Mha of agricultural landscape in the Canadian Mixedwood Plains ecozone. Approximately 97, 000 km of LWF were estimated across this landscape with results useable both at a regional reporting scale, as well as mapped across space for use in wildlife habitat modeling or other landscape management research. The LIS approach developed here could be employed at a variety of scales in particular for large regions and could be adapted for use as a national scale indicator of habitat availability in heavily disturbed agricultural landscape.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 1996.A National Ecological Framework for Canada.Cat.No.A 42-65/1996E, ISBN 0-662-24107-X.Accessed March 2015.http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/ecostrat/index.html Aksoy, S., AKcay, H.G., Wassenaar, T.,2010.Automatic mapping o linear woody vegetation features in agricultural landscapes using very high resolution imagery.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens. 48 (1), 511-522.
Literature cited 2: Albrigo, L.G., Russ, R.V., 2002.Consideration for improving honeybee pollination of citrus hybrids in Florida.Proc.Florida State Hortic.Soc.115, 27-31. Atchison, B.Ghimire, K.2012 Using remote sensing to identify size and condition of Kansas Windbreaks. Presentation to Great Plains Windbreak Renovation and Innovation Conference. Accessed April 2015.http://nac.unl.edu/documents/multimedia/windbreakconf/7_24_am/B-IdentifySizeCondition/4-Atchison_Tues.pdf.

ID: 61830
Title: Quantification winter Wheat LAI with HJ-1CCD image features over multiple growing seasons.
Author: Xinchuan Li, Youjing Zhang, Juhua Luo, Xiuliang Jin, Ying Xu, Wenzhi Yang.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 104-112 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: LAI, HJ-1CCD image, Remote sensing feature, Winter wheat, Partial least squares regression.
Abstract: Remote sensing images are widely used to map leaf area index (LAI) continuously over landscape. The objective of this study is to explore the ideal image features from Chinese HJ-1 A/B CCD images for estimating winter wheat LAI in Beijing. Image features were extracted from such images over four seasons of winter wheat growth, including five vegetation indices (VIs), principal components (PC), tasseled cap transformations (TCT) and texture parameters. The LAI was significantly correlated with the near-infrared reflectance band, five VIs [normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), modified nonlinear vegetation index (MNLI), optimization of soil-adjusted vegetation index, and ratio vegetation index], the first principal component (PC1) and the second TCT component (TCT2).However, these image features cannot significantly improve the estimation accuracy of winter wheat LAI in conjunction with eight texture measures. To determine the few ideal features with the best estimation accuracy, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and variable importance in projection (VIP) were applied to predict LAI values. Four remote sensing features (TCT2, PC1, MNL1 and EVI) were chosen based on these four features produced better result than the ten features ' model, throughout the whole season. The results of this study suggest that selecting a few ideal image features is sufficient for LAI estimation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abdi, H., 2003.Partial Least Square Regression (PLS Regression).Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp.792-795. Baig, M.H.A., Zhang, L., Shuai, T., Tong, Q, 2014.Derivation of a tasseled cap transformation based on Landsat 8 at-satellite reflectance. Remote Sens.Lett. 5, 423-431.
Literature cited 2: Bar, A.G., Black, T.A., Hogg, E.H., Kljun, N., Morgenstern, K., Nesic, Z., 2004.Inter-annual variability in the leaf area index of a boreal aspen-hazelnut forest in relation to net ecosystem production.Agric.Forest Meteorol.126, 237-255. Beguet, B., Guyn, D., Boukir, S., Chehata, N., 2014.Automated retrieval of forest structure variables based on multi-scale texture analysis of VHR satellite imagery.ISPRSJ.Photogramm.Remote Sens.96, 164-178.

ID: 61829
Title: Heterogeneous surface displacement pattern at the Hatchobaru geothermal field inferred from SAR interferometry time-series.
Author: Kazuya Ishitsuka, Takeshi Tsuji, Toshifumi Matsuoka, Jun Nishijima, Yasuhiro Fujimitsu.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 95-103 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Surface displacement, InSAR time-series analysis, Space adaptive filtering, Geothermal development, Distributed scatterers.
Abstract: We estimated surface displacement using persistent scatterer SAR interferometry (PS-InSAR) around the Hatchobaru geothermal field, Japan, from 18 ALOS/PALSAR images acquired from July 2007 to December 2010.Generally, geothermal fields, covered with natural targets such as rocky terrain and vegetation, have been one of the difficult targets for PS-InSAR analysis. However, we applied space adaptive filtering to increase the number of pixels for measuring surface displacement. The results of our analysis demonstrate ground subsidence with decaying velocity over the observation period around the geothermal field. The spatial pattern of ground subsidence includes sharp boundaries of subsidence that can be interpreted as fault traces. We demonstrated the usefulness of PS-InSAR analysis with the space adaptive filtering to estimate surface displacements with high spatial resolution and high spatial density around a geothermal field.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Akaike, H., 1974.A new look at the statistical model identification.IEEE Trans.Autom.Control 19 (6). Akaike, H., 1980.Likelihood and the Bayes Procedure. Bayesian Statistics, University Press, Valencia, Spain.
Literature cited 2: Allis, R., 2000.Review of subsidence at Wairakei field, New Zealand.Geothermics 29, 455-478. Allis, R., Bromley, C., Currie, S., 2009.Update on subsidence at the Wairakei-Tauhara geothermal system, New Zealand.Geothermics 38, 169-180.

ID: 61828
Title: Mapping of riparian invasive species with supervised classification of unmanned Aerial System (UAS) imagery.
Author: Adrien Michez, Herve Piegay, Lisein Jonathan, Hugues Claessens, Philippe Lejeune.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 88-94 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Mapping of invasive species, Unmanned aerial system, UAS, Supervised classification, Random forests.
Abstract: Riparian zones are key landscape features, representing the interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Although they have been influenced by human activities for centuries, their degradation has increased during the 20th century. Concomitant with (or as consequences of) these disturbances, the invasion of exotic species has increased throughout the world ' s riparian zones. In our study, we propose a easily reproducible methodological framework to map three riparian invasive taxa using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) imagery: Impatients glandulifera Royle, Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier and Levier, and Japanese knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt Petrop.), Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) and hybrids).Based on visible and near-infrared UAS orthophoto, we derived simple spectral and texture image metrics computed at various scales of image segmentation (10, 30, 45, 60 using Cognition software).Supervised classification based on the random forests algorithm was used to identify the most relevant variable (or combination of variables) derived from UAS imagery for mapping riparian invasive plant species. The models were built using 290 % of the dataset, the rest of the dataset being used as a test set (80%). Except for H.mantegazzianum, the best results in terms of global accuracy were achieved with the finest scale of analysis (segmentation scale parameter=10).The best values of overall accuracies reached 72 %, 68 % and 97 % for I.glandulifera, Japanese knotweed, and H.mantegazzianum respectively. In terms of selected metrics, simple spectral metrics (layer mean/camera brightness) were the most used. Our results also confirm the added value of texture metrics (GLCM derivatives) for mapping riparian invasive species. The results obtained for I.glandulifera and Japanese knotweed do not reach sufficient accuracies for operational applications. However, the results achieved for H.mantegazzianum are encouraging. The high accuracies values combined to relatively light model-inputs needed (delineation of a few umbels) make our approach a serious contender as a cost-effective tool to improve the field management of H.mantegazzianum.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Baatz, M., Schape, A., 2000.Multiresolution segmentation: an optimization approach for high quality multi-scale image segmentation. In: Angewandte Geographische Informationsverarbeitung XII.Beitrage Zum AGIT-Symposium Salzburg 2000, Karlsruhe, Herbert Wichmann Verlag, pp.12-23. Barney, J.N., 2006.North American history of two invasive plant species: Phytogeographic distribution, dispersal vectors, and multiple introductions.Biol.Invasions 8, 703-717,http:dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-005-3174-9
Literature cited 2: Blaschke, T., 2010.Object based image analysis for remote sensing. ISPRS J.Photogramm.Remote Sens.65, 2-16, http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2009.06.004. Breiman, L., 2001.Random forests.Mach.Learn.45, 5-32.

ID: 61827
Title: Remote detection of fluid-related diagenetic mineralogical variations in the Wingate Sandstone at different spatial and spectral resolutions.
Author: Unal Okyay, Shuhab D.Khan
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 70-87 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Rock alteration, Diagenetic minerals, Fluid-flow, Ground-based hyperspectral imaging.
Abstract: Well-exposed eolian units of the Jurrassic system on the Colorado Plateau including the Wingate Sand-stone, show prominent color variations throughout southeastern Utah due to digenetic changes that include precipitation and/or removal of iron oxide, clay, and carbonate cement. Spatially variable characteristic digenetic changes suggest fluid-rock interactions through the sandstone. Distinctive spectral signatures of diagenetic minerals can be used to map digenetic mineral variability and possibly fluid-flow pathways. The main objective of this work was to identify characteristics diagenetic minerals, and map their spatial variability from regional to outcrop scale in Wingate Sandstone exposures of Lisbon Valley, Utah. Laboratory reflectance spectroscopy analysis of the samples facilitated identification of diagnostic spectral characteristics of the common diagenetic minerals and their relative abundances between altered and unaltered Wingate Sandstone. Comparison of reflectance spectroscopy with satellite, air-borne, and ground-based imaging spectroscopy data provided a method for mapping and evaluating spatial variations of diagenetic minerals. The-feature-oriented Principal Component Selection method was used on Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data so as to map common mineral groups throughout the broader Wingate Sandstone exposure in the area. The Minimum Noise Fraction and Spectral Angle Mapper methods were applied on airborne Hymap and ground-based hyperspectral imaging data to identify and map mineralogical changes. The satellite and airborne data showed that out of 25.55 km2 total exposure of Wingate Sandstone in Lisbon Valley, unaltered sandstone cover 12.55km2, and altered sandstone cover 8.90 km2 in the northwest flank and 5.09 km2 in the southern flank of the anticline. The ground-based hyperspectral data demonstrated the ability to identify and map mineral assemblages with two-dimensional lateral continuity on near-vertical rock faces. The results showed that 39.71 % of the scanned outcrop is bleached and 20.60 % is unbleached while 6.33% remain unclassified, and 33.36 % is masked-out as vegetation. The bleached and unbleached areas are alternating throughout the vertical face of the outcrop. The relative hematite abundance observed in the unbleached areas is somewhat symmetrical. This indicates fairly similar reaction intensities along the upper and lower reaction fronts observed in the vertical section. The distribution geometry and relative abundances of diagenetic minerals not only suggest multiple paths of fluid-flow in Wingate Sandstone but also provide some insight about relative direction of past fluid-flow.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abrams, M.J., Conel, J.E., Lang, H.R., 1985.The joint NASA/Geosat Test Case Project: final report. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa. Beitler, B., Chan, M.A., Parry, W.T., 2003.Bleaching of Jurassic Navajo Sandstone on Colorado Plateau Laramide highs: evidence of exhumed hydrocarbon supergiants >? Geology 31, 1041-1044, http://doi.org/10.1130/G19794.1
Literature cited 2: Bell, J.H., Bowen, B.B., Martini, B.A., 2010.Imaging spectroscopy of jarosite cement in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone. Remote Sens.Environ.114, 2259-2270, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.05.002. Benthke, C.M., 1989. Modeling subsurface flow in sedimentary basins.Geol.Rundschau78, 129-154, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BFO1988357.

ID: 61826
Title: Long-term deforestation dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon-Uncovering historic frontier development along the Cuiaba-Santarem highway.
Author: Hannes Muller, Patrick Griffiths, Patrick Hostert
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 61-69 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Landsat, Time series, Long-term deforestation, Image composting
Abstract: The great success of the Brazilian deforestation programme ?PRODES digital? has shown the importance of annual deforestation information for understanding and mitigating deforestation and its consequences in Brazil. However, there is a lack of similar information on deforestation for the 1990s and 1980s.Such maps are essential to understand deforestation frontier development and related carbon emissions. This study aims at extending the deforestation mapping record backwards into the 1990s and 1980s for one of the major deforestation frontiers in the Amazon. We use an image compositing approach to transform 2224 Landsat images in a spatially continuous an cloud free annual time series of Tasseled Cap Wetness metrics from 1984 to 2012.We then employ a random forest classifier to derive annual deforestation patterns. Our final deforestation map has an overall accuracy of 85% with half of the overall deforestation being detected before the year 2000.The results show for the first time detailed patterns of the expanding deforestation frontier before the 2000s.The high degree of automatization exhibits the great potential for mapping the whole Amazon biome using long-term and freely accessible remote sensing collections, such as the Landsat archive an forthcoming Sentinel-2 data.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Achard, F, Eva, H.D., Stibig, H,-J, Mayaux, P., Gallego, J., Richards,T., Malingreau, J.-P.,2002.Determination of deforestation rates of the world ' s humid tropical forests. Science 297, 999-1002. Alves, D.S., 2002, space-time dynamics of deforestation in Brazillian Amazonia.Int.J.Remote Sens.23, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160110096791.
Literature cited 2: Baldocchi, D., 1997.Measuring and modeling carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange over a temperate broad-leaved forest during the 1995 summer drought. Plant Cell Environ.20, 1108-1122. Barr, A.G., Black, T.A., Hogg, E.H., Kljun, N., Morgenstern, K., Nesic, Z., 2004.Inte-annual variability in the leaf area index of a boreal aspen-hazelnut forest in relation to net ecosystem production.Agri.Frest Meteorol.126, 237-255. AmbiWeb, 2015. <Climate -data.org, http://de.climate.org/location/33886//>. Aragao,L.,Malhi,Y.,Barbier,N.,Lima,A.,Shimabukuro,Y.E.,Anderson,L.,Saatchi, S.,2008.Interactions between rainfall, deforestation and fires during recent years in the Brazilian Amazonia.Philos.Trans.R.Soc; Biol.Sci.363,1779-1785.

ID: 61825
Title: Inter-and intra-annual variations of clumping index derived from the MODIS BRDF product.
Author: Liming He, Jane Liu, Jing M.Chen, Holly Croft, Rong Wang, Michael Sprintsin, Ting Zheng, Youngryel Ryu, Jan Pisek, Alemu Gonsamo, Feng Deng, Yongqin Zhang.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 53-60 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Clumping index, MODIS, Seasonality, Variation, BRDF.
Abstract: Clumping index quantities the level of foliage aggregation, relative to a random distribution, and is a key structural parameter of plant canopies and is widely used in ecological and meteorological models. In this study, the inter-and intra-annual variations in clumping index values, derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF product, are investigated at six forest sites, including conifer forests, a mixed deciduous forest and an oak-savanna system. We find that the clumping index displays large seasonal variation, particularly for the deciduous sites, with the magnitude in clumping index values at each site comparable on an intra-annual basis, and the seasonality of clumping index well captured after noise removal. For broadleaved and mixed forest sites, minimum clumping index values are usually found during the season when leaf area index is at its maximum. The magnitude of MODIS clumping index is validated by ground data collected from 17 sites.Validation shows that the MODIS clumping index can explain 75 % of variance in measured values (bias=0.03 and rmse =0.08), although with a narrower amplitude in variation. This study suggests that the MODIS BRDF product has the potential to produce good seasonal trajectories of clumping index values, but with an improved estimation of background reflectance.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Baldocchi, D.D., Harley, P.C., 1995.Scaling carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange from leaf to canopy in a deciduous forest.II. Model testing application. Plant Cell Environ.18, 1157-1173. Baldocchi, D.D., Xu, L.K., Kiang, N., 2004.How plant functional-type, weather, seasonal drought, and soil physical properties alter water and energy fluxes of an oak-grass savanna and an annual grassland. Agric. Forest Meteorol.123.13-39.
Literature cited 2: Baldocchi, D., 1997.Measuring and modeling carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange over a temperate broad-leaved forest during the 1995 summer drought. Plant Cell Environ.20, 1108-1122. Barr, A.G., Black, T.A., Hogg, E.H., Kljun, N., Morgenstern, K., Nesic, Z., 2004.Inte-annual variability in the leaf area index of a boreal aspen-hazelnut forest in relation to net ecosystem production.Agri.Frest Meteorol.126, 237-255.

ID: 61824
Title: Monitoring forest disturbances in Southeast Oklahoma using Landsat and MODIS images.
Author: Trung V.Tran, Kirsten M.de Beurs, Jason P.Julian
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 42-52 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Landsat, MODIS, STAARCH, Forest disturbance, Synthetic imagery, Disturbance index.
Abstract: Monitoring forest disturbances using remote sensing data with high spatial and temporal resolution can reveal relationships between forest disturbances and forest ecological patterns and processes. In this study, we fused Landsat data at high spatial resolution (30 m) with 8-day MODIS data to produce high spatial and temporal resolution image time-series. The Spatial Temporal Adaptive Algorithm for mapping Reflectance Change (STAARCH) is a simple but effective fusion method. We adapted the STAARCH fusion method to successfully produce a time-series of disturbances with high overall accuracy (89-92 %) in mixed forests in southeast Oklahoma. The results demonstrated that in southeast Oklahoma, forest area disturbed in 2011 was higher than it was in 2000.However, two remarkable drops were identified in 2001 and 2006.We speculated that the drops were related to the economic recessions causing reduction in the demand of woody products. The detected fluctuation of area disturbed calls for continuing monitoring of spatial and temporal changes in this and other forest landscapes using high spatial and temporal resolution imagery datasets to better recognize the economic and environmental factors, as well as the consequences of those changes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Amiro, B.D., Chen, J.M., 2003.Forest-fire-scar aging using SPOT-VEGETATION for Canadian ecoregions.Can.J.Forest Res.33, 1116-1125. Asner, G.P., Keller, M., Silva, J.N.M., 2004.Spatial and temporal dynamics of forest canopy gaps following selective logging in the eastern Amazon. Global Change Biol.10, 765-783.
Literature cited 2: Bradford, J.B., Birdsey, R.A., Joyce, L.A., Ryan, M.G., 2008.Tree age, disturbance history, and carbon stocks and fluxes in subalpine Rocky Mountain Forests. Global Change Biol.14, 2882-2897. Chen, J., Jonsson, P., Tamura, M., Gu, Z., Matsushita, B., Eklundh, L., 2004.A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI time-series dataset based on the Savitzky-Golay filter. Remote Sens.Environ.91, 332-344.

ID: 61823
Title: Spectral mapping of morphological features on the moon with MGM and SAM.
Author: Gayantha R.L.Kodikara, P.K.Champati ray, Prakash Chauhan, R.S.Chatterjee.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 31-41 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Spectral mapping, Modified Guassian method, Spectral angle mapper, Moon mineralogy mapper, Spectral deconvolution.
Abstract: Three types of morphological features observed in different lunar crustal terrains were studied and mapped using hyperspectral Moon mineralogy mapper (M3) data onboard Chandrayaan 1 mission in order to assess the utility of cascaded MGM-SAM spectral mixture modeling approach to characteristize the surface materials, which may occur as mineral mixtures, at different topography of the lunar surface. Selected morphological features include: the impact melts in Orientale basin, sinuous rilles in Procellarum KREEP Terrane 9PKT) and a rayed crater in Feldspathic Highland Terrane (FHT).Methodology involves extraction of spectrally pure pixels (endmembers) of the area using Pixel Purity Index (PPI), identification of mineralogy of the selected end member spectrum using the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method. Mapping results demonstrate both the capabilities and the limitations of the MGM method of spectral deconvolution and the SAM method spectral matching as effective tools for compositional characterizations of morphological features on the lunar surface. As a method of spectral deconvolution, MGM was able to identify and characterize both high-and low-Ca pyroxenes along with plagioclase feldspar. The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) was able to map identified mineral mixtures from MGM.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adams, J.B., 1974.Visible and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra of pyroxenes as applied to remote sensing of solid objects in the solar system.J.Geophys.Res.79 (32), 4829-4836. Adams, J.B, Gillespie, A.R., 2006.Remote sensing of Landscapes with Spectral Images: A physical Modeling Approach. Cambridge University Press, 362 pp.
Literature cited 2: Adams, J.B, Goullaud, L.H., 1978.Plagioclase feldspars: Visible and near infrared diffuse reflectance spectra as applied to remote sensing.proc.Lunar Planet.Sci.Conf.9th: p.2901-2909.http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1978LPSC.9.2901 A Bateson, A., Curtiss, B.A., 1996.Method for manual endmember selection and spectral unmixing.Remote Sens.Environ.55, 229-243.

ID: 61822
Title: Testing the discrimination and detection limits of WorldView-2 imagery on a challenging invasive plant target.
Author: T.P.Robinson, G.W.Wardell-Johnson, G.Pracilio, C.Brown, R.Corner, R.D.van Klinken
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 44 23-30 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Invasive plants, Remote sensing, Woody weeds, Mesquite, Prosopis, WorldView-2.
Abstract: Invasive plants pose significant threats to biodiversity an ecosystem function globally, leading to costly monitoring and management effort. While remote sensing promises cost-effective, robust and repeatable monitoring tools to support intervention, it has been largely restricted to airborne platforms that have higher spatial and spectral resolutions, but which lack the coverage and versatility of satellite-based platforms. This study tests the ability of the WorldView-2 (WV2) eight-band satellite sensor for detecting the invasive shrub mesquite (Prosopis spp.) in the north-west Pilbara region of Australia. Detectability was challenged by the target taxa being largely defoliated by a leaf-tying biological control agent (Gelechiidae: Evippe sp. #1) and the presence of other shrubs and trees. Variable importance in the projection (VIP) scores identified bands offering greatest capacity for discrimination were those covering the near-infrared, red, and red-edge wavelengths. Wavelengths between 400 nm and 630 nm (coastal blue, blue, green, yellow) were not useful for species level discrimination in this case. Classification accuracy was tested on three band sets (simulated standard multispectral, all bands and bands with VIP scores ?).Overall accuracies were comparable amongst all band-sets (Kappa=0.71-0.77). However, mesquite omission rates were unacceptably high (21.3%) when using all eight bands relative to the simulated standard multispectral band-set (9.5%) and the band-set informed by VIP scores (11.9 %).An incremental cover evaluation on the latter identified most omissions to be for objects <16 m2 allows application for mapping mesquite shrubs and coalesced stands, the former not previously possible, even with 3 m resolution hyperspectral imagery.WV2 imagery offers excellent portability potential for detecting other species where spectral/spatial resolution or coverage has been an impediment. New generation satellite sensors are removing barriers previously preventing widespread adoption of remote sensing technologies in natural resource management.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Anderson, G., Everitt, J.H., Rcharson, A.J., Escobar, D.E., 1993.Using satellite data to map false broomweed (Ericameria austrotexana) infestations on south Texas rangelands. Weed Technol.7, 865-871. Ansley, R.J., Wu, X.B., Kramp, B.A., 2001.Observation: long-term increases in mesquite canopy cover in a north Texas savannah.J.Range Manag.54.171-176.
Literature cited 2: Archer, S.1995.Tree-grass dynamics in a Prosopis-thornscrub savanna parkland: reconstructing the past and predicting the future.Ecoscience 2, 83-99. Arianoutsou, M., Delipetrou, P., Vila, M., Dimitrakopoulos, P.G., Celesti-Grapow, L., Wardell-Johnson, G., Henderson, L., Fuentes, N., Ugarte-Mendes, E., Rundel, P.W., 2013.Comparative patterns of plant invasions in the Mediterranean Biome.PLoS One 8, e79174.