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ID: 61863
Title: Recent advances in (soil moisture) triple collocation analysis.
Author: A.Gruber, C.-H.Su, S.Zweieback, W.Crow, W.Dorigo, W.Wagner.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 P. (B) 200-211 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Soil moisture, Error moisture, Error characterization, Validation, Triple collocation.
Abstract: To date, triple collocation (TC) analysis is one of the most important methods for the global-scale evaluation of remotely sensed soil moisture data sets. In this study we review existing implementations of soil moisture TC analysis as well as investigations of the assumptions underlying the method. Different nations that are used to formulate the TC problem are shown to be mathematically identical. While many studies have investigated issues related to possible violations of the underlying assumptions, only few TC modifications have been proposed to mitigate the impact of these violations. Moreover, assumptions, which are often understood as a limitation that is unique to TC analysis are shown to be common also to other conventional performance metrics. Noteworthy advances in TC analysis have been made in the way error estimates are being presented by moving from the investigation of absolute error variance estimates to the investigation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) metrics. Here we review existing error presentations and propose the combined investigation o the SNR (expressed in logarithmic units), the unscaled error variances, and the soil moisture sensitivities of the data sets as optimal strategy for the evaluation of remotely-sensed soil moisture data sets.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bowden, R.J., Turkington, D.A., 1990.InstrumentalVariables, vol.8 Cambridge University Press. Caires, S., Sterl, A., 2003.Validation of ocean wind and wave data using triple collocation. J. Geophys. Res: Oceans (1978-2012), 108.
Literature cited 2: Crow, W., Van den Berg, M., 2010.An improved approach for estimating observation and model error parameters in soil moisture data assimilation. Water Resour.Res.46 Crow,W.T., Berg,A.A., Cosh, M.H., Loew, A.,Mohanty, B.P., Panciera, R., de Rosnay, P., Ryu, D., Walker, J.P., 2012.Upscaling sparse ground-based soil moisture observations for the validation of coarse-resolution satellite soil moisture products.Rev.Geophys.50, RG2002, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000372.

ID: 61862
Title: Evaluation of AMSR2 soil moisture products over the contiguous United States using in situ data from the International Soil Moisture Network.
Author: Qiusheng Wu, Hongxing, Liu, Lei Wang, Chengbin Deng.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 P. (B) 187-199 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: AMSR2, Soil moisture, Passive microwave, Remote sensing, International Soil Moisture Network.
Abstract: High quality soil moisture datasets are required for various environmental applications. The launch of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer2 (AMSR2) onboard the Global Change Observation Mission 1-Water (GCOM-W1) in May 2012 has provided global near-surface soil moisture data, with an average revisit frequency of two days. Since AMSR2 is a new passive microwave system in operation, it is very revisit frequency of two days. Since AMSR2 is a new passive microwave system in operation, it is very important to evaluate the quality of AMSR2 products before widespread utilization of the data for scientific research. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the AMSR2 soil moisture products retrieved by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) algorithm. The evaluation was performed for a three-year period (July 2012-June 2015) over the contiguous United States. The AMSR2 soil moisture products were evaluated by comparing ascending and descending overpass products to each other as well as comparing them to in situ soil moisture observations of 598 monitoring stations obtained from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN).The accuracy of AMSR2 soil moisture product was evaluated against several types of monitoring networks, and for different land cover types and ecoregions. Three performance metrics, including mean difference (MD), root mean squared difference (RMSD), and correlation coefficient (R), were used in our accuracy assessment. Our evaluation results revealed thatAMSR2 soil moisture retrievals are generally lower than in situ measurements. The AMSR2 soil moisture retrievals showed the best agreement with in situ measurements over the Great Plains and the worst agreement over forested areas. This study offers insights into the suitability and reliability represent useful and effective measurements for some regions, further studies are required to improve the data accuracy.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Al-Yaari, A., Wigneron, J.P.,Ducharne, A., Kerr, Y.,de Rosnay, P., de Jeu, R., Govind, A., Al Bitar, A.,Albergel ,C., Munoz-Sabater, J., Richaume, P.,Mialon,A., 2014. Global-scale evaluation of two satellite-based passive microwave soil moisture datasets (SMOS and AMSR-E) with respect to Land Data Assimilation System estimates. Remote Sens.Environ.149, 181-195.
Literature cited 2: Abergel, C., Dorigo, W., Reichle,R.H.,Balsamo, G., Derosnay,P., Munoz-Sabater,J.,Isaksen, L., Dejeu,R.,Wagner,W.,2013.Skill and global trend analysis of soil moisture from reanalyses and microwave remote sensing.J.Hydrometeorol.14, 1259-1277. Bell, J.E., Palecki, M.A., Baker, C.B., Collins, W.G., Lawrimore, J.H., Leeper, R.D., Hall M.E., Kochendorfer, J., Meyers, T.P., Wilson, T., 2013.U.S.Climate Reference Network soil moisture and temperature observations.J.Hydrometeorol.14,977-988.

ID: 61861
Title: Evidence of a topographic signal in surface soil moisture derived from ENVISAT ASAR wide swath data.
Author: D.C.Mason, J.Garcia-Pintado, H.L.Cloke, S.L.Dance.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 P. (B) 178-186 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Soil moisture, Synthetic aperture radar, Hydrologic model.
Abstract: The susceptibility of a catchment to flooding is affected by its soil moisture prior to an extreme rainfall event. While soil moisture is routinely observed by satellite instruments, results from previous work on the assimilation of remotely sensed soil moisture into hydrologic models have been mixed. This may have been due in part to the low spatial resolution of the observations used. In this study, the remote sensing aspects of a project attempting to improve flow predictions from a distributed hydrologic model by assimilating soil moisture measurements are described. Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) Wide Swath data were used to measure soil moisture as, unlike low resolution microwave data, they have sufficient resolution to allow soil moisture variations due to local topography to be detected, which may help to take into account the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological processes. Surface soil moisture content (SSMC) was measured over the catchments of the Severn and Avon rivers in the South West UK. To reduce the influence of vegetation, measurements were made only over homogeneous pixels of improved grassland determined from a land cover map. Radar backscatter was corrected for terrain variations and normalized to a common incidence angle. SSMC was calculated using change detection. To search for evidence of a topographic signal, the mean SSMC from improved grassland pixels on low slopes near rivers was compared to that on higher slopes. When the mean SSMC on low slopes was 30-90 %, the higher slopes were slightly drier than the low slopes. The effect was reversed for lower SSMC values. It was also more pronounced during a drying event. These findings contribute to the scant information in the literature on the use of high resolution SAR soil moisture measurement to improve hydrologic models.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Aubert, D., Loumagne, C., Oudin, L., 2003.Sequenbtial assimilation of soil moisture and stream flow data in a conceptual rainfall-runoff model.J.Hydrol.280, 145-161. Balenzano, A., Mattia, F., Satalino, G., Davidson, M.W., J., 2011.Dense temporal series of C-band SAR data for soil moisture retrieval over agricultural crops.IEEE.J.STARS 4 (2), 439-450.
Literature cited 2: Barrett, B.W., Dwyer, E., Whelan, P., 2009.Soilmoisture retrieval from active sopaceborne microwave observations: an evaluation of current techniques. Remote Sens.1 (3), 210-242. Beven, K.J., Kirkby, M.J., Siebert, J., 1979.A physically based: variable contributing area model of basin hydrology.Hydrol.Sci.Bull.24, 43-69.

ID: 61860
Title: Aquarius L-band scatterometer and radiometer observations over a Tibetan Plateau site.
Author: Qiang Wang, Rogier van der Velde, Zhongbo Su, Jun Wen
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 P. (B) 165-177 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Aquarius, soil moisture, Observation modeling, Tibetan Plateau.
Abstract: In this paper, the impact of freeze-thaw, soil moisture and vegetation on L-band backscatter and emission is studied using Aquarius scatterometer/radiometer measurements collected from August 2011 to May 2013 over the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The study are is Maqu region that holds a regional-scale monitoring network consisting of twenty soil moisture/temperature stations, which is selected as one of the core international Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) sites for NASA ' s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. Comparisons of Aquarius scatterometer/radiometer measurements with soil moisture recorded by capacitance probes installed at a 5-cm soil depth illustrate that (1) L-band microwave observations are also sensitive to the amount of liquid water in soil below freezing point, and of 0.3 m3m-3.Further effects of vegetation become directly noticeable only within passive microwave observations at moisture levels larger than 0.4 m3m-3. The impact of vegetation is studied in more detail through analysis of the Radar Vegetation Index (RVI).Although seasonal variability is captured, the dynamic range o the RVI is sufficient for a meaningful signal-to-noise. Further vegetation optical depth (T) is estimated using the (T-w) concept by reconstructing the Microwave Polariozation Difference Index (MPDI) derived from Aqurius radiometer data. Peaks in the T estimates are noted in the months January. February and July/August. Evidence suggests that the magnitude of T is a measure for the frost depth when temperatures are below freezing point whereas the behavior of T in the warm season is in line with the vegetation dynamics.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abdel-Messeh, M., Quegan, S., 2001.Relating ERS scatterometer data to global vegetation models. In: ERS-ENVISAT Symposium ' Looking down to Earth in the New Millennium ' , 16-20 October 2000, Norodwijk, The Netherlands Altese, E., Bolognanai, O., Mancini, M., et al., 1996.Retrieving soil moisture over bare soil from ERS 1 synthetic aperture radar data: sensitivity analysis based on a theoretical surface scattering model and field data. Water Resour.Res. 32 (3), 653-661, http:/dx.doi.org/10.1029/95WRO3638.
Literature cited 2: Bindish,R., Jackson, T.J.,Wood ,E.F., et al., 2003.Soil moisture estimates from TRMM microwave imager observations over the Southern United States.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.85 (4),507-515, http: dx.doi.org/10.1016/SOO34-4257 (03) 52-X. Bruscantini, c.a., Crow, W.T., Grings, F., et al., 2014.An observing system simulation experiment for the Aquarius/SAC-D soil moisture product.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.52 (10), 1-9,http:dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2294915.

ID: 61859
Title: Urban Revolution:Urbanisation Pattern and Environmental Sustainability Analysis of Major Cities in India
Author: Ramachandra T.V., Joshi NV, Bharath H.Aithal, Uttam Kumar, K.Venugopala Rao
Editor: T.V.Ramachandra
Year: 2016
Publisher: EWRG,CES
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Urban Revolution:Urbanisation Pattern and Environmental Sustainability Analysis of Major Cities in India (ISTC/BES/TVR/0313-Technical Report) 1-185 (2016)
Subject: Urban Revolution:Urbanisation Pattern and Environmental Sustainability Analysis of Major Cities in India
Keywords: Urban revolution,Urbanisation, Pattern,Environmental sustainability Analysis, Major cities, India
Abstract: In the next half century , ninety percent or more of global population growth will take place in the rapidly urbanizing areas of the developing world.The study during 2013-16,focussed on understanding urban dynamics using spatio-temporal data of 10 cities.Environmental data of 10 major Indian cities have been collected and analysed to estimate the carbon footprint of respective cities.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 61858
Title: Evaluation of satellite soil moisture products over Norway using ground-based observations.
Author: A.Griesfeller, W.A.Lahoz, R.A.M.de Jeu, W. Dorigo, L.E.Haugen, T.M.Svendby, W.Wagner.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 (B) 155-164 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Cal-val, In situ, Satellite, Soil moisture
Abstract: In this study we evaluate satellite soil moisture products from the advanced SCAT Terometer (ASCAT) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) over Norway using ground-based observations from the Norwegian water source an energy directorate. The ASCAT data are produced using the change detection approach of Wagner et al. (1999), and the AMSR-E data are produced using the VUA-NASA algorithm (Owe et al., 2001, 2008).Although satellite and ground-based soil moisture data for Norway have been available for several years, hitherto, such an evaluation has not been performed. This is partly because satellite measurements of soil moisture over Norway are complicated owing to the presence of snow, ice, water bodies, orography, rocks, and a very high coastline-to-area ratio. This work extends the European areas over which satellite soil moisture is validated to the Nordic regions. Owing to the challenging conditions for soil moisture measurements over Norway, the work described in this paper provides a stringent test of the capabilities of satellite and in situ data agree well, with averaged correlation ? values of 0.72 and 0.68 for ASCAT descending and ascending data vs in situ data, and 0.64 and 0.52 for AMSR-E descending and ascending data vs in situ data for the summer/autumn season (1 June-15 October), over a period of 3 years (2009-2011).This level of agreement indicates that, generally, the ASCAT and AMSAR-E soil moisture products over Norway have high quality, and would be useful for various applications, including land surface monitoring, weather forecasting, hydrological modeling, and climate studies. The increasing emphasis on coupled approaches to study the earth system, including the interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere, will benefit from availability of validated an improved soil moisture satellite datasets, including those over the Nordic regions.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Albergel, C., Broca, L., Wagner, W., de Rosnay, P., Calvet, J.-C, 2013a.Selection of performance metrics for global soil moisture products: the case of ASCAT product. In: Petropoulos, G.P. (Ed.), Remote Sensing of Energy Fluxes and Soil Moisture Content.CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp.427-444. Albergel, C., Calvet, J.-C, de Rosnay, P., Balsamo, G., Wagner, W., Hasenauer, S., Naeimi, V., Martin, E., Bazile, E., Bouyssel, F., Mahfouf, J.,-F, 2010. Cross-evaluation of modeled and remotely sensed surface soil moisture within situ data in southwestern France.Hydrol.Earth Syst.Sci.14, 2177-2191, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2177-2010.
Literature cited 2: Albergel, C., De Rosnay, P., Gruhier, C., Munoz-Sabater, J., Hasenauer, S., Isaksen, L., Kerr, Y., Wagner, W., 2012.Evaluation of remotely sensed and modeled soil moisture products using global ground-based in situ observations. Remote Sens.Environ.118, 215-226. Albergel, C., Dorigo, W., Riechle, R.H, Balsamo, G., De Rosnoy, P., Munoz-Sabater, J., Isaksen, L., De Leu, R., Wagner, W.,2013b.Skill and global trend analysis of soil moisture from reanalyses and microwave remote sensing.J.Hydrometeor.14, 1259-1277, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-0161.1.

ID: 61857
Title: Satellite surface soil moisture from SMOS and Aquarius: Assessment for applications in agricultural landscapes.
Author: Catherine Champagne, Tracy Rowandson, Aaron Berg, Travis Burns, Jessika L ' Heureux, Erica Tetlock, Justin R.Adams, Heather McNairn, Brenda Toth, Daniel Itenfisu.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 (B) 143-154 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Soil moisture, Passive microwave, SMOS, Aquarius, Calibration, Validation, Agriculture.
Abstract: Satellite surface soil moisture has become more widely available in the past five years, with several missions designed specifically for soil moisture measurement now available, including the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission and Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) mission. With a wealth of data now available, the challenge is to understand the skill and limitations of the data so they can be used routinely to support monitoring applications and to better understand environmental change. This used routinely to support monitoring applications and to better understand environmental change. This paper examined two satellite surface soil moisture data sets from SMOS and Aquarius missions against in situ networks in largely agricultural regions of Canada. The data from both sensors was compared to ground measurements on both an absolute and relative basis. Overall, the root mean squared errors for SMOS were less than 0.10 m3 at most sites, and less where the in situ soil moisture was measured at multiple sites within radiometer footprint (sites in Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario). At many sites, SMOS overestimates soil moisture shortly after rainfall events compared to the in situ data; however this was not consistent for each site and each time period. SMOS was found to underestimate drying events compared to the in situ data; however this observation was not consistent from site to site. The Aquarious soil moisture data showed higher root mean squared errors in areas where there were more frequent wetting and drying cycles. Overall, both data sets, and SMOS in particular, showed a stable and consistent pattern of capturing surface soil moisture over time.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adams, J.R., McNairn, H, Berg, A.A, Champagne, C, 2015.Evalutaion of near-surface soil moisture data from an AAFC monitoring network in Moanitoba, Canada: Implications for L-band satellite validation.J.Hydrol.521, 582-592. Al Bitar, A., Leroux, D., Kerr, Y.H., Merlin, O., Richaume, P., Sahoo, A., Wood, E.F., 2012.Evauation of SMOS soil moisture products over continental U.S.using the SCAN/SNOTEL network.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.50, 1572-1586.
Literature cited 2: Albergel, C., Dorigo, W., Balsamo, G., Munoz-Sabater, J., de Rosnay, P., Isaksen, L., Brocca, L., de Jeu,R., Wagner, W., 2013.Monitoring multi-decadal satellite earth observation of soil moisture products through land surface reanalyses. Remote Sens.Environ.138, 77-89.

ID: 61856
Title: A comparison of ASCAT and SMOS soil moisture retrievals over Europe and Northern Africa from 2010 to 2013.
Author: Fabio Fascetti, Nazzareno Pierdicca, Luca Pulvirenti, Raffaele Crapolicchio, J.Munoz-Sabater.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 (B) 135-142 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Remote sensing, SMOS, ASCAT, Soil moisture.
Abstract: A comparison between ASCAT/H-SAF and SMOS soil moisture products was performed in the frame of the EUMETSAT H-SAF project. The analysis was extended to the whole H-SAF region of interest, including Europe and North Africa, and the period between January 2010 and November 2013 was considered. Since SMOS and ASCAT soil moisture data are expressed in terms o absolute and relative values, respectively, different approaches were adopted to scale ASCAT data to use the same volumetric soil moisture unit. Effects of land cover, quality index filtering, season and geographical area on the matching between the two products were also analyzed. The two satellite retrievals were also compared with other independent datasets, namely the NCEP/NCAR volumetric soil moisture content reanalysis developed by NOAA and the ERA-Interim/Land soil moisture produced by ECMWF. In situ data, available through the International Soil Moisture Network, were also considered as benchmark. The results turned out to be influenced by the way ASCAT data was scaled. Correlation between the two products exceeded 0.6, while the root mean square difference did not decrease below 8%.ASCAT generally showed a fairly good degree of correlation with ERA, while, as expected considering the different kinds of measurement, the discrepancies with respect to local in situ data were large for both satellite products.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Al-Yaari, A., Wigneron, J.-P.,Ducharne, A., Kerr,Y.H., Wagner,W., De Lannoyf,G., Reichle, R., Al Bitar, A.Dorigo, W.,Richaume, P., Mialon, A., 2014a.Global-scalecomparison of passive (SMOS) and active (ASCAT) satellite based microwave soil moisture retrievals with soil moisture simulations (MERRA-Land).Remote Sens.Environ.152, 614-626. Al-Yaari, A., Wigneron, J.P., Ducharne, A., Kerr,Y., de Rosnay, P., de Jeue, R., Govind,A., Al- Bitar,A.,Albergel, C., Munoz-Sabater, J., Richaume,P.,Mialonc, A.,2014b. Gloabal-scale evaluation of two satellite-based passive microwave soil moisture datasets (SMOS and AMSR-E) with respect to land data assimilation system estimates. Remote Sens Env.149, 181-195.
Literature cited 2: Balsamo, G., Albergel, C., Beljaars, A., Boussetta, S., Brun, E., Cloke, H., Dee, D., Dutra, E., Pappenberger, F., de Rosnay, P., Munoz-Sabater, J., Stockdale, T., Vitart, F., 2014.ERA-Interim/Land: a global land-surface reanalysis based on ERA-Interim meteorological forcing.Hydrol.Earth Syst.Sci.19, 389-407.doi:10.194/hess-19-389-2015. Balsamo, G., Albergel, C., Beljaars, A., Boussetta, S., Brun, E., Cloke, H., Dee, D., Dutra, E., Munoz-Sabater, J.Pappenberger, F., de Rosnay, P., Stockdale, T., Vitrat, F., 2015.ERA-Interim/Land: a global land surface reanalysis data set.Hydrol.Earth Syst.Sci.19, 389-407,http//dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-389-2015.

ID: 61855
Title: Global SMOS Soil Moisture Retrievals from the Land Parameter Retrieval Model.
Author: R.van der Schalei, Y.H.Kerr, J.P.Wigneron, N.J.Rodriguez-Fernandez, A.Al-Yaari, R.A.M. de Jeu
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 (B) 125-134 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Remote sensing, Passive microwave radiometry, Soil moisture, Soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS), Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM).
Abstract: A recent study by Van der Schalie et al. (2015) showed good results for applying the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM) on SMOS observations over southeast Australia and optimizing and evaluating the retrieved soil moisture (? in m3m-3) against ground measurements from the OzNet sites. In this study, the LPRM parameterization is globally updated for SMOS against modeled ? from MERRA-Land 9MERRA) and ERA-Interim/Land (ERA) over the period of July 2010-December 2010, mainly focusing on two parameters: the single scattering albedo (w and the roughness (h).The Pearson ' s coefficient of correlation (r) increased rapidly when increasing the w up to 0.12 and reached a steady state from thereon, no significant spatial pattern was found in the estimation procedure, and a single value of 0.12 was therefore used globally. The h was defined as a function of ? and varied slightly for the different angle bins, with maximum values of 1.1-1.3 as the angle changes from 42.5? to 57.5?.This resulted in an average r of 0.51 and 0.47, with a bias (m3m-3) -0.02 and -0.01 and unbiased root mean square error (ubrmse in m3m-3) of 0.054 and 0.56 against MERRA (ascending and descending).For ERA this resulted in an r of 0.61 and 0.53, with a bias of -0.03 and an ubrmse 0.055 and 0.059.The resulting parameterization was then used to run LPRM on SMOS observations over the period of July 2010-December 2013 and evaluated against SMOS Level 3 (L3) ? and available in situ measurements from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN).The comparison with L3 shows that the LPRM ? retrievals are very similar, with for the ascending set very high r of over 0.9 in large parts of the globe, with an overall average of 0.85 and the descending set performing less with an average of 0.74, mainly due to the negative r over the Sahara. The mean bias is 0.03, with an ubrmse of 0.038 and 0.44.In this study there are three major areas and over high altitudes, which are all known limitations of LPRM. The comparison against situ measurement from the ISMN give very similar results, with average r LPRM. The comparisons against situ measurement from the ISMN give very similar results, with average r for LPRM of 0.65 and 0.61 (0.64 and 0.59 for L3) for the ascending and descending sets, while having a comparable bias and ubrmse over the different networks. This shows that LPRM used on SMOS observations produce ? retrievals with a similar quality as the SMOS L3 product.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Albergel, C., De Rosnay, P., Gruhier, C., Munoz-Sabatr, J.,Hasenauer, J., S., Isaksen,L., Kerr, Y.,Wagner, W., 2012.Evaluation of remotely sensed and modeled soil moisture products using global ground-based in situ observations. Remote Sens.Environ.118, 215-226, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.017. Albergel, C., Rudiger, C., Pellarin, T., Calvet, J.C., Fritz,N.,Froissard, F., et al., 2008.From near-surface to root-zone soil moisture using an exponential filter: an assessment of the method based on in-situ observations and modelsimulations.Hydropl.Earth Syst..Sci.12, 1323-1337.
Literature cited 2: Balsamo, G., Viterbo, P., Beljaars, A., Van den Hurk, B., Hirschi, M., Betts, A.K., Scipal, K., 2009.A revised hydrology for the ECMWF model: verification from field site to terrestrial water storage and impact in the integrated forecast system.J.Hydrometerol. 10(3) http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JHM1068.1 Batralis, Z., Wagner, W., Naeimi, V., Hasenauer, S., Scipal, K., Bonekamp, H., Figa, J., Anderson., 2007.Initial soil moisture retrievals from the METOP-A.advanced.Scatterometer (ASCAT).Geophy.Res.Lett.34, L20401.

ID: 61854
Title: Soil moisture variability over odra watershed: Comparison between SMOS and GLDAS data.
Author: Jaroslaw Zawadzki, Mateusz Kedzior.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 (B) 110-124 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Soil moisture, SMOS, GLDAS, CATDS, The Odra watershed, Regional studies.
Abstract: Monitoring of temporal and spatial soil moisture variability is an important issue, both from practical and scientific point of view. It is well known that passive, L-band radiometric measurements provide best soil moisture estimates. Unfortunately as it was observed during Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission which was specially dedicated to measure soil moisture, these measurements suffer significant data loss. It is caused mainly by radio frequency interference (RFI) which strongly contaminates Central Europe and even in particularly unfavourable conditions, might prevent these data from being used for regional or watershed scale analysis. Nevertheless, it is highly awaited by researchers to receive statistically significant information on soil moisture over the area of a big watershed. One of such watersheds, the Odra (Oder) river watershed, lies in three European countries-Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic. The area of the Odra river watershed is equal to 118, 861 km2 making it the second most important river in Poland as well as one of the most significant one in Central Europe. This paper examines the SMOS soil moisture data in the Odra river watershed in the period from 2010 to 2012.This attempt was made to check the possibility of assessing, from the low spatial resolution observations of SMOS, useful information that could be exploited for practical aims in watershed scale, for example, in water storage models even while moderate RFI takes place. Such studies, performed over the area of large watershed, were recommended by researchers in order to obtain statistically significant results. To meet these expectations, centre Aval de Traitement des Donnes SMOS (CATDS), 3-days averaged data, together with Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Oregon State University/Air Force/Hydrologic Research Lab (NOAH) model 0.25 soil moisture values were used for statistical analyses and mutual comparisons. The results obtained using various statistical tools unveil high scientific potential of CATDS SMOS data to study soil moisture over the Odra river watershed. This was also confirmed by reasonable agreement between results derived from CATDS SMOS Ascending and GLDAS datasets. This agreement was achieved mainly by using these data spatially averaged over the whole watershed area, and for observations performed in the period longer than three-day averaging time. Comparisons of separate three-day data in a given pixel position, or at a smaller areas would be difficult because of data gaps. Hence, the results of the work suggest that despite of RFI interferences, SMOS observations can provide effective input for analysis of soil moisture at regional scales. Moreover, it was shown that CATDS SMOS soil moisture data are better correlated with rainfall rate than GLDAS ones.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bircher, S., N.Kerr ,Y., 2013.Validation of SMOS L1C and L2 products and important parameters of the retrieval algorithm in the Skjern River Catchment, Western Denmark, IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens. 51 (5). Brocca, L., Tullo, T., Melone, F., 2012.Catchment scale soil moistures spatial-temporal variability.J.Hydrol.422-423, 63-75.
Literature cited 2: Brocca, L., Tullo, T., Melone, F., Moramarco, T., Wagner, W., Hasenauer, S., 2010.ASCAT soilwetness index validation through in situ and modeled soil moisture data in central Italy.Remot Sens.Environ. 114 (11), 2745-2755. Brocca, L., Melone, F., Moramarco, T., Morbidelli, R., 2010.Spatial-temporal variability of soil moisture and its estimation across scales. Water Resour.Res.46.

ID: 61853
Title: On the importance of satellite observed soil moisture.
Author: Richard de Jeu
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 (B) 107-109 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Importance, satellite, observed, soil, moisture.
Abstract: During the past 15 years, remotely sensed soil moisture data products have matured: while in the beginning of this century a few basic experimental science data products were available, nowadays several completely error characterized operational data products are available. When the first global soil moisture datasets from active (Wagner et al., 1999) and passive (De Jeu, 2003; Njoku et al., 2003) microwave sensors appeared, the usefulness of these datasets was not immediately clear, mainly due to the less appealing characteristics of these datasets compared to, for example, the optical satellite products. These datasets had a felt coarse resolution of approximately 0.25?, low sampling rates, and the quality of the datasets was not yet well defined, which made the data at first sight less useful for environmental applications.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: De Jeu, R.A.M., 2003, Retrieval of Land Surface Parametrs Using Passive Microwave Observations, PhD Dissertation.VU, Amsterdam, pp.120, ISBN90-9016430-8. De Jeu, R.A.M., Wagner, W.W., Holmes, T.R.H.,Dolman, A.J., van de Giesen, N.C., Friesen, J., 2008.Global soil moisture patterns observed by space borne microwave radiometers and scatterometrs.Surv.Geophys.28, 399-420, http://dx.doi.org/10.100712-008-9044-0.
Literature cited 2: Draper, C.S., Walker, J.P., Steinle, P.J., De Jeu, R.A.M., Holmes, T.R.H., 2009.Evaluation of AMSR-E derived soil moisture over Australia. Remote Sens. Environ, 113, 703-710, http:dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.011.

ID: 61852
Title: Linking movement and environmental data: The need for representation.
Author: A.Ibrahim, U.Turdukulov, M.-J.Kraak.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 (A) 95-105(2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Movement data, Environmental data, Spatiotemporal representation, Spatiotemporal data integration, Movement behaviour.
Abstract: In several domains, there has been an increasing interest in analysisng moving objects due to recent ubiquity of location tracking devices. These locations are commonly abstracted and stored as trajectories: a finite set of ordered in time geometries. Tracked objects tend to move in a certain environment that influences their movement behaviour. Time dependent environmental data are commonly abstracted and stored/ in grid/array structures that have different granularities and characteristics compare to the trajectory datasets. Movement analysis requires linking these two data types. However, little consideration has been given to the issues of integration in the moving objects databases that is primarily dealing with trajectory storage and analysis as well as in array databases dealing mainly with the storage and retrieval of grid structures. In this paper, we propose a database model that utilizes abstract data types for combining trajectories and time dependent environmental data. We introduce a set of spatio-temporal operations for interacting with raster data and integrating them with the moving geometries. We demonstrate how integration operations can be used for manipulation and analysis of moving objects, using trajectories of tropical cyclone and environmental data, using sea surface temperature (SST) for the period from 1980 to 2009 as a case study. Since tropical cyclones generally gain strength over the warmer seas, the proposed operations are used to answer questions about genesis and movement patterns of tropical cyclones, in relation to the changing patterns of the SST.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Andrienko, G., Andrienko, N., M., 2011.An event-based conceptual model for context-aware movement analysis.Int.J.Geograph.Inf.Sci.25, 1347-1370. Baumann, P., Holsten, S., 2011.A comparative analysis of array models for databases. In: Kim, T., Adeli, H., Arslan, T., Zhang, Y., Ma, J., Chung, K., Mariyam, S., Song, X. (Eds).Database Theory and Application, Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, Vol.258 of Communications I n Computer and Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp.80-89.
Literature cited 2: Buchin, M.Dodge, S., Speckmann, B., 2014.Similarity of trajectories taking into account geographic context.J.Spat.Inf.Sci.9, 101-124. Emanuel, K., 1988.The maximum intensity of hurricanes.J.Atmos.Sci.45, 1143-1155.

ID: 61851
Title: A new burn severity index based on land surface temperature and enhanced vegetation index.
Author: Zhong Zheng, Yongnian Zeng, Songnian Li, Wei Huang.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 (A) 84-94 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Burn severity, vegetation index, Land surface temperature, Forest fire.
Abstract: Remotely sensed data have already become one of the major resources for estimating the burn severity of forest fires. Recently, Land surface Temperature (LST) calculated from remote sensing data has been considered as a potential indicator for estimating burn severity. However, using the LST-based index alone may not be sufficient for estimating burn severity in the areas that has unburned tree and vegetation. In this paper, a new index is proposed by considering LST and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) together. The accuracy of the proposed index was evaluated by using 264 composite burn index (CBI) field sample data of the five fires across different regional eco-type areas in the Western United States. Results show that the proposed index performed equally well for post-fire areas covered with both sparse vegetation and dense vegetation and relatively better than some commonly-used burn severity indices. This index also has high potential of estimating burn severity if more accurate surface temperatures can be obtained in the future.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Berg, N.D., Gese, E.M., Squires, J.R., ASubry, L.M., 2012.Influence of forest structure on the abundance of snowshoe hares in western Wyoming.J.Wildl.Manage.76, 1480-1488. Brown, P.M., Sieg, C.H., 1999.Historical variability in fire at the ponderosa pine-Northern Great Palins prairie ecotone, southeastern Black Hills, south Dakota.Ecoscience 6, 539-547.
Literature cited 2: Chen, X., Voglemann, J.E., Rollins, M., Ohlen, D., Key, C.H., Yang,L., Huang, C., Shi,H., 2011.Detecting post-fire burn severity and vegetation recovery using multitemporal remote sensing spectral indices and field-collected composite burn index data in a ponderosa pine forest.Int.J.Remote Sens.32, 7905-7927. Chuvieco, E., Cocero ,D., Riano, D.,Martin, P., Martinez-Vega,J., de la Riva, J., Perez ,F., 2004.Combining NDVI and surface temperature for the estimation of live fuel moisture content in forest fire danger rating. Remote Sens.Environ.92, 322-331.

ID: 61850
Title: Improving remote sensing research an education in developing countries: Approaches and recommendations.
Author: Barry Haack, Robert Ryerson.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 (A) 77-83 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Remote sensing, Developing countries, Technology transfer, Capacity building.
Abstract: Since the 1970s, a number of different models have been used to develop basic and applied science capacities of remote sensing in developing countries. Those efforts have had varied levels of success. One of the more effective capacity building efforts is extended training workshops held within the targeted developing country institution with existing resources. The extending training format requires participant teams to complete a remote sensing project for their country in their organization. The basic science activity of developing country scientists was documented was by a review of six remote sensing journals which determined that a very small percentage of remote sensing manuscript authors are from developing countries. Many developing countries have established internal remote sensing capacities but many others have not. Given the potential importance of remote sensing for natural resource assessment and monitoring as well as economic decision making, more attention must be given to assisting those countries in hardware, software, internet capacity and technical assistance.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adedeji, A., 1988.Remote sensing and African development programmes.Photogrammetria 43 (1), 17-24. Brandenberger, A.J., 1968.The impact of (photogrammetric) surveying and mapping on the framework of national and international economy. In: Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Washington, D.C.
Literature cited 2: Campbell, F.H.A., Ryerson, R.A., Brown, R.J., 1995.GlobeSAR: a Canadian radar remote sensing program.Geocarto Int. 10 (3), 3-7. Conitz, M., 1978.A development Assistance Program in Remote Sensing.Photogramm.Eng.Remote Sens.44, 177-182.

ID: 61849
Title: Estimating leaf functional traits by inversion of PROSPECT: Assessing leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area in mixed mountainous.
Author: Abebe Mohammed Ali, Roshanak Darvishzadeh, Andrew K.Skidmore, Iris van Duren, Uta Heiden, Marco Heurich.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 45 (A) 66-76 (2016).
Subject: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Functional leaf traits, Radiative transfer model, PROSPECT, LDMC, SLA.
Abstract: Assessments of ecosystem functioning rely heavily on quantification of vegetation properties. The search is on for methods that produce reliable and accurate baseline information on plant functional traits. In this study, the inversion of the PROSPECT radiative transfer model was used to estimate who functional leaf traits: leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and specific leaf area (SLA).Inversion of PROSPECT usually aims at quantifying its direct input parameters. This is the first time the technique has been used to indirectly model LDMC and SLA. Inversion of PROSPECT usually aims at quantifying its direct input parameters. This is the first time the technique has been used to indirectly model LDMC and SLA. Biophysical parameters of 137 leaf samples were measured using an ASD FieldSpec3 quipped with an integrating sphere. PROSPECT was inverted using a look-up table (LUT) approach. The LUTs were generated with and without using prior information. The effect of incorporating prior information on the retrieval accuracy was studied before and after stratifying the samples into broadleaf and conifer categories. The estimated values were evaluated using R2 and normalized root mean square error (nRMSE). Among the retrieved variables the lowest nRMSE (0.0899) was observed for LDMC. For both traits higher R2 values (0.83 for LDMC and 0.89 for SLA) were discovered in the pooled samples. The use of prior information improved accuracy of the retrieved traits. The strong correlation between the estimated traits and the NIR/SWIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum suggests that these leaf traits could be assessed at canopy level by using remotely sensed data.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Albert, C.H., Thuiller, W., Yocoz, N.G., Soudant A., Boucher, F., et al., 2010.Intraspecific functional variability: extent, structure and sources of variation.J.Ecol.98 (3), 604-613. Asner, G.P., Braswell, B.H., Schimel, D.S., Wessman, C.A., 1998.Ecological research needs from multiangle remote sensing data. Remote Sens.Environ.63 (2), 155-165.
Literature cited 2: Asner, G.P., Martin, R.E., 2008.Spectral and chemical analysis of tropical forests: scaling from leaf to canopy levels. Remote Sens.Environ.112 (10), 3958-3970. Asner, G.P., Martin, R.E., 2009.Airborne spectranomics: mapping canopy chemical and taxonomic diversity in tropical forests.Front.Ecol.Environ. 7 (5), 269-276.