Enter records

ID: 65830
Title: India’s Ayush systems need peer-reviewed journals for the dissemination of research findings and evidence synthesis
Author: Sendhilkumar Muthappan, Malathi Mathiyazhakan and Manickam Ponnaiah
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1000-1001 10 May (2024)
Subject: India’s Ayush systems need peer-reviewed journals for the dissemination of research findings and evidence synthesis
Keywords: None
Abstract: Traditional Medicine (TM) is an indispensable part of the health systems in many countries. Globally, around 80% of the world’s population and 170 World Health Organization (WHO) member states have reported using TM . Although TM has been practiced worldwide for centuries, its potential is limited by insufficient evidence supporting its efficacy and effectiveness . In India, traditional medicine is collectively called as Ayush systems of medicine, comprising six recognized systems – Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Sowa-Sigpa, and Homoeopathy . The Ministry of Ayush (MoA) was established to develop the Ayush systems of medicine in India. Under MoA, there are 12 national Ayush institutes, research councils, 780 Ayush educational institutes, 3,859 Ayush hospitals and 0.7 million practitioners registered in the respective councils.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: WHO; https://www.who.int/news/item/25- 03-2022-who-establishes-the-global-centre for-traditional-medicine-in-India (accessed on 28 April 2022). WHO; https://www.who.int/health-topics/ traditional-complementary-and-integrative medicine (accessed on 28 April 2022).
Literature cited 2: Ministry of Ayush, GoI; https://main. ayush.gov.in/ayush-systems/ (accessed on 22 April 2023). Ministry of Ayush, GoI; https://main. ayush.gov.in/infrastructure/ (accessed on 28 April 2022).

ID: 65829
Title: Veer Gaurav: buffalo male calf produced using OPU-IVEP technology and semen of cloned bull
Author: A. Jerome, R. K. Sharma, P. S. Yadav, D. Kumar, M. Punetha, Rajesh Kumar, Rupali Rautela, S. Gorani and S. S. Layek
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 999-999 10 May (2024)
Subject: Veer Gaurav: buffalo male calf produced using OPU-IVEP technology and semen of cloned bull
Keywords: None
Abstract: Buffalo is India’s primary dairy animal. It serves an essential role in the agricultural economy due to its adaptation to hard climatic conditions, resistance to tropical diseases, and survival under inadequate feeding and management practices. In 2022–23, India produced 230.58 million tonnes of milk, of which 44.18% (101.87 million tonnes) was contributed by buffaloes1 . Indigenous buffalo breeds such as Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Jaffarabadi, Bhadawari, Surti and other breeds play a significant role in Indian dairy growth. The milk obtained from bovine species (cattle and buffalo) has enabled India to become the world’s largest milk-producing nation. However, the low productivity of indigenous buffalo species (~6 kg per day) is a challenge for sustainable milk production and food security under changing climatic conditions. To upgrade the genetic potential of low-producing animals, the Government of India has proposed using assisted reproductive technologies to produce elite bovine germplasm.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries (DADF) of India, 2023; http:// dahd.nic.in.
Literature cited 2: National Dairy Plan, DADF of India; http://dahd.nic.in

ID: 65828
Title: Current Science Reports
Author: Ravindra Jadav, Tahera Arjumand, Sheikh Aneaus, Sileesh Mullasseri, Aradhana Hans and Atig Udham
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 992-995 10 May (2024)
Subject: Current Science Reports
Keywords: None
Abstract: A rise in upper ocean temperature in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean signals El Niño. The annual thermal event influences the Walker circulation and disrupts weather patterns worldwide, impacting agriculture, fisheries and even causing disease outbreaks. There is a delay of about one and a half months in predicting El Niño based on the temperature of the surface of the sea. The changes in circulation cause upwelling and influence the nutrient supply to the uppermost layer of the sea that receives sunlight. This leads to changes in the phytoplanktons, tiny plants forming the base of the marine food chain. Since the phytoplanktons contain chlorophyll-a, their growth can be detected easily by satellite imagery. Could a drop in chlorophyll concentration during the spring bloom in the central Pacific predict the coming of El Niño events?
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:

ID: 65827
Title: Prospects of millets in medicinal and aromatic plants and food security
Author: K. M. Prakhyath G. S. Sathisha N. D. Yogendra
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 989-989 10 May (2024)
Subject: Prospects of millets in medicinal and aromatic plants and food security
Keywords: None
Abstract: India’s global hunger index of 2022 is 107 of the 121 countries. On the one hand, it is challenging to end hunger in a population that is constantly expanding; on either side, malnutrition is due to the non-availability of quality nutritious food. Cereal-based products make up the vast bulk of basic diets worldwide. Together, maize, rice and wheat account for 51% of global calorie consumption, and concerning India, rice and wheat are the major staple food among the cereals
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dubey, M., Mishra, A. and Singh, R., J. Water Clim. Change, 2021, 13, 943. Zhang, J. et al., Front. Nutr., 2022, 9, 808301
Literature cited 2: Das, S. et al., Agriculture, 2019, 9, 64. Verma, S., Srivastava, S. and Tiwari, N., J. Food Sci. Tech., 2015, 52, 5147–5155

ID: 65826
Title: On-farm trial of oyster mushroom cultivation: the technology assessment-refinement for sustainable livelihood and strategic out-scaling
Author: Pinaki Roy, Ram Eshwar Prasad, Manohar Panjikar , Sachchidanand Prasad, Shriti Moses , Saloni Chauhan, Kinkar Kumar and Sangeeta Bhattacharyya
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 959-963 25 April (2024)
Subject: On-farm trial of oyster mushroom cultivation: the technology assessment-refinement for sustainable livelihood and strategic out-scaling
Keywords: On-farm trial, oyster mushroom cultivation, technology assessment and refinement, TOWS matrix.
Abstract: Climate change, land fragmentation, coupled with nationwide lockdown during COVID-19, had put the rural people of Bihar in financial distress without any alternative livelihood. In this context, oyster mushroom cultivation was considered to be a viable livelihood option but the existing technology produced less yield with shorter shelf life. Hence an on-farm trial (OFT) was undertook by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Sitamarhi, Bihar to assess existing technology, refine it as needed and then strategize its out-scaling through TOWS matrix. Out of three substrates (paddy, wheat and paddy + wheat), the mushroom grown on wheat straw substrate performed best. Further, blanching (2% salt + 0.1 citric acid) increased the shelf-life of mushrooms for up to 96 h after harvest fetching highest return.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bhattacharyya, S., Burman, R. R., Padaria, R. N., Paul, S. and Roy, P., Changes in migrant labour policy of India and need of a sustainable rural framework: lessons from the Covid-19 migrant exodus. Agric. Lett., 2021, 2(12), 48–59. Post-Lockdown, Bihar’s Labour Market Needs a Long-Overdue Shot in the Arm; https://thewire.in/labour/bihar-covid-19-labour workers
Literature cited 2: Roy, P., Hansra, B. S., Burman, R. R., Bhattacharyya, S., Roy, T. N. and Ahmed, R., Can farm mechanization enhance small farmers’ income? Lessons from Lower Shivalik Hills of the Indian Himalayan Region. Curr. Sci., 2022, 123, 667–676. Celik, Y. and Peker, K., Benefit/Cost analysis of mushroom production for diversification of income in developing countries. Bulgarian J. Agric. Sci., 2009, 15(3), 228

ID: 65825
Title: Disaggregation of daily rainfall data into hourly rainfall data using statistical methods for stormwater management in urban areas
Author: K. M. Sri Ranga and S. Shyam Prasad
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 951-958 25 April (2024)
Subject: Disaggregation of daily rainfall data into hourly rainfall data using statistical methods for stormwater management in urban areas
Keywords: Antecedent moisture conditions, hydrological model, rainfall data, stormwater infrastructure, urban areas.
Abstract: In the recent past, low-lying areas close to riverbanks and urban agglomerations have witnessed frequent floods due to inadequate mapping of flood zones and rapidly growing impervious areas in cities/towns. This inadequacy is due to the use of design storms for run-off estimates, which do not account accurately for antecedent moisture conditions. Furthermore, when using daily rainfall data, capturing accurate run-off estimates becomes challenging as rainfall characteristics such as duration and intensity are not accounted for. These problems can be addressed with long-term hourly rainfall data. However, most gauging stations in India have long-term daily rainfall data and hourly data for the last few years. There are various global methods to overcome this data limitation by disaggregating daily data into hourly data. However, well-established, peerreviewed research on this process is still in infancy in India. Therefore, a methodology has been developed to disaggregate long-term daily rainfall data into hourly rainfall using statistical and probabilistic principles based on sample hourly data. In this study, the run-off estimates derived from disaggregated data closely match those obtained from actual hourly data with similar characteristics when simulated over the Belagavi city catchment area in Karnataka, India. The methodology developed relies on sample hourly rainfall, making it scalable across various locations. It holds promise for resilient urban stormwater infrastructure planning in the absence of long-term hourly rainfall data
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Udas-Mankikar, S., Inadequate stormwater infrastructure biggest hurdle in urban flood resilience, Observer Research Foundation, 13 August 2020 (Online); https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/ inadequate-storm-water-infrastructure-biggest-hurdle-in-urbanflood-resilience/ (accessed on 30 August 2022). Glasbey, C. A., Cooper, G. and McGechan, M. B., Disaggregation of daily rainfall by conditional simulation from a point-process. J. Hydrol., 1995, 165(1–4), 1–9.
Literature cited 2: Koutsoyiannis, D. and Onof, C., Rainfall disaggregation using adjusting procedures on Poisson cluster model. J. Hydrol., 2001, 246(1–4), 109–122. Socolofsky, S., Adams, E. and Entekhabi, D., Disaggregation of daily rainfall for continuous watershed modeling. J. Hydrol. Eng., 2001, 6(4), 300–309.

ID: 65824
Title: Evaluation of plant defence related biomolecules produced by nematophagous fungi in tomato against root-knot nematode
Author: S. Saranya and S. I. Patel
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 941-950 25 April (2024)
Subject: Evaluation of plant defence related biomolecules produced by nematophagous fungi in tomato against root-knot nematode
Keywords: Defence-related biomolecules, nematophagous fungi, plant defence, tomat
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the plant defencepromoting ability of various nematophagous fungi like Arthrobotrys oligospora, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Pleurotus sp. against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato by determining the plant defencepromoting biomolecules, viz. hydrogen peroxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. It was observed that soil application of A. oligospora along with farmyard manure (FYM) enhanced the activity of defence-related biomolecules from day 30 to day 60 after transplant, thereby showing its immense potential in controlling root-knot nematodes in tomatoes. The highest mean defence-related enzyme activity in plants was recorded in the treatment containing nematode-infested soil + FYM + A. oligospora with 97.65 enzyme unit (EU) mg–1 protein min–1 of hydrogen peroxide, 1.54 EU mg–1 protein min–1 of superoxide dismutase, 4.57 EU mg–1 protein min–1 of catalase, 9.45 EU mg–1 protein min–1 of peroxidase and 5.89 EU mg–1 protein min–1 of polyphenol oxidase. The gall production in nematode-infested soil had also reduced drastically after the application of the nematophagous fungi.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Anon., Annual Report 2018–19, National Horticultural Board, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, 2019. Gowda, M. T., Rai, A. B. and Singh, B., Root knot nematode: a threat to vegetable production and management. IIVR Technical Bulletin No. 76, 2007, pp. 1–42.
Literature cited 2: Anon., Food and Agricultural Organization Statistics Book on National Crop Production, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy, 2012. Nicola, L., Tosi, S. and Savini, D., In vitro evaluation of nematophagous activity of fungal isolates. J. Basic Microbiol., 2014, 54(1), 1–5.

ID: 65823
Title: Olfaction of leaf volatiles determines the most attractive host plant for Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): potential pest management opportunities
Author: C. Gunalan , S. Jeyarani, M. Murugan , S. Mohankumar , S. Haripriya , P. Saravan Kumar and P. D. Kamala Jayanthi
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 932-940 25 April (2024)
Subject: Olfaction of leaf volatiles determines the most attractive host plant for Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): potential pest management opportunities
Keywords: Coconut, olfaction, pest management, principal component analysis, rugose spiralling whitefly, volatile organic compounds
Abstract: The rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW), an invasive polyphagous insect introduced into India in 2016, has threatened coconut and other crops. Natural infestation intensity data indicated, in order, the following most likely RSW hosts: Cocos nucifera L. (75.83%) > Dypsis lutescens H. Wendel (55.83%) > Annona squamosa L. (54.17%) > Musa paradisiaca L. (43.33%). A preference analysis of these four host plants showed that coconut was the most favoured (8.17 spirals per 30 cm2 and 33.04 eggs per spiral). Olfactometry of the headspace leaf volatiles revealed that C. nucifera (3.05 ± 0.27 min) and D. lutescens (1.67 ± 1.67 min) had longer residence durations and attracted more RSW females than the other hosts. According to principal component analysis, those potential hosts shared six volatile compounds, the most peculiar of which was 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. Gas chromatography coupled electroantennographic detection analysis revealed that 2- ethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxolane, 2-propyl, butanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-methyl ester, m-ethyltoluene, p-dichlorobenzene and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol evoked consistent olfactory responses in RSW. More studies on these chemicals might help develop parakairomones for managing RSW
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Martin, J. H., Whiteflies of Belize (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Part 1 – introduction and account of the subfamily Aleurodicinae Quaintance & Baker. Zootaxa, 2004, 681(1), 1–19. Evans, G. A., The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of the world and their host plants and natural enemies. Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, 2007; http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/whitefly/ PDF_PwP%20ETC/world-whitefly-catalog-Evans.pdf (accessed on 20 March 2023)
Literature cited 2: Stocks, I. C. and Hodges, G., The rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, a new exotic whitefly in South Florida (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Gainesville, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, USA, 2012; http://freshfromflorida.s3.amazonaws.com/aleurodicusrugioperculatus-pest-alert.Pdf (accessed on 3 May 2022). Kumar, V., McKenzie, C. L., Mannion, C., Stocks, I., Smith, T. and Osborne, L. S., Rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension, USA, 2013; https:// entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/Aleurodicus_rugioperculatus.html (accessed on 14 July 2022).

ID: 65822
Title: Movement and home range of golden mahseer (Tor putitora, Hamilton 1822) inhabiting the Himalayan waters in India
Author: Bhawna Dhawan , Kuppusammy Sivakumar, Gopala Areendran and Jeyaraj Antony Johnson
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 923-931 25 April (2024)
Subject: Movement and home range of golden mahseer (Tor putitora, Hamilton 1822) inhabiting the Himalayan waters in India
Keywords: Golden mahseer, habitat preference, kernel density, radio telemetry, spatial ecology.
Abstract: The present study is aimed to document the movement and habitat use of golden mahseers (Tor putitora) inhabiting the Himalayan waters in India. A total of nine adult golden mahseers (two males and seven females) fitted with a VHF radio tag were monitored between pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The individuals were found dispersed with the maximum recorded distance of 4231.23 and 6119.11 m in the Kosi and Kolhu rivers respectively. Home ranges for males (0.0245 sq. km) and larger individuals (0.0697 sq. km) exhibited released side fidelity, whereas females (0.361 sq. km) and smaller individuals (0.459 sq. km) moved long distances. The results of this study identify the movements and spatial ecology knowledge of golden mahseer to conserve fish habitats
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Cooke, S. J., Martins, E. G., Struthers, D. P., Gutowsky, L. F., Power, M., Doka, S. E. and Krueger, C. C., A moving target – incorporating knowledge of the spatial ecology of fish into the assessment and management of freshwater fish populations. Environ. Monit. Assess., 2016, 188(4), 1–18. Alp, A., Akyuz, A., Ozcan, M. and Yerlі, S. V., Assessment of movements and habitat use of Salmo opimus in Fırnız stream, river Ceyhan of Turkey using radio telemetry techniques. Environ. Biol. Fishes, 2018, 101(11), 1613–1624.
Literature cited 2: Farrae, D. J., Albeke, S. E., Pacifici, K., Nibbelink, N. P. and Peterson, D. L., Assessing the influence of habitat quality on movements of the endangered short nose sturgeon. Environ. Biol. Fishes, 2019, 97(6), 691–699. Habib, B., Shrotriya, S., Sivakumar, K., Sinha, P. R. and Mathur, V. B., Three decades of wildlife radio telemetry in India: a review. Anim. Biotelemetry, 2014, 2(1), 1–10.

ID: 65821
Title: Diatoms from ancient pots: exploring pottery sherds and palaeoenvironmental insights in the lower Kaveri River Basin archaeological landscape, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: Mital Thacker , Atul Dwivedi, C. R. Gayathri and Balasubramanian Karthick
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 916-922 25 April (2024)
Subject: Diatoms from ancient pots: exploring pottery sherds and palaeoenvironmental insights in the lower Kaveri River Basin archaeological landscape, Tamil Nadu, India
Keywords: Archaeological landscape, diatoms, palaeoenvironment, pottery sherds, river basin
Abstract: Diatom analysis, despite its existence in archaeological science for over seven decades, remains an underutilized technique. While diatoms are often employed in site-based palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, their application in pottery sourcing and typology is relatively limited. This study focuses on diatom analysis of pottery sherds collected from six Iron Age sites in the lower Kaveri River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Scanning Electron Microscopy was utilized to examine the diatoms in 78 samples from 26 pottery sherds across these sites. The analysis revealed the presence of aquatic diatoms, predominantly from freshwater environments, along with desiccation-tolerant taxa belonging to the genera Nitzschia, Hantzschia, Luticola, Stauroneis and Tryblionella. Notably, the dominant genera were Nitzschia (70.73%), Hantzschia (21.95%) and Luticola (4.87%). These findings confirm the presence of a lacustrine environment with mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions and suggest that the clay used in pottery originated from a freshwater source. Moreover, this study highlights the potential of diatom analysis in reconstructing local environments and shedding light on the palaeoenvironmental conditions underlying archaeological sediment deposition in a tropical context
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Misra, V. N., Prehistoric human colonization of India. J. Biosci., 2001, 26, 491–531. Mohanty, R. K. and Selvakumar, V., The archaeology of the megaliths in India: 1947–1997. In Indian Archaeology in Retrospect (Settar, S. and Korisettar, R.), Manohar Publishers, New Delhi, 2002. vol. 1, pp. 313–481.
Literature cited 2: Babington, J., Description of the Pandoo coolies in Malabar. Trans. Lit. Soc. Bombay, 1823, 3, 324–330. Wheeler, R. E. M., Brahmagiri and Chandravalli 1947: megalithic and other cultures in Chitaldrug district, Mysore State. In Ancient India, Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi, 1948, vol. 4, pp. 181–310.

ID: 65820
Title: Ocean heat content variability in the Bay of Bengal: a CMIP6 model analysis with implications on the Indian Ocean Dipole
Author: A. B. Asok, A. P. Joshi and H. V. Warrior
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 903-915 25 April (2024)
Subject: Ocean heat content variability in the Bay of Bengal: a CMIP6 model analysis with implications on the Indian Ocean Dipole
Keywords: Annual trends, climate prediction, ocean heat content, performance indices, seawater potential temperatur
Abstract: The present study evaluates the performance of CMIP6 models in capturing ocean heat content (OHC) variations in the Bay of Bengal. The seawater potential temperature of the six best-performing models up to a depth of 500 m from the sea surface was chosen for the study on a 1° × 1° horizontal resolution and monthly temporal scale, compared with RAMA buoy and North Indian Ocean Atlas data. Performance indices such as root mean square error (RMSE), average error, absolute average error (AAE) and Willmott score were used. The GISS-E2-1-G model performed better with lower RMSE and AAE values, while the IPSL-CM6A-LR model performed poorly. Monthly climatology variations showed increased temperature and OHC during the summer. Annual trends in OHC revealed negative trends for some models, indicating a net loss of heat, while others showed positive trends, indicating heat accumulation. Comparison with RAMA buoy data consistently showed lower heat content than the models, indicating overestimation. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating observational data to improve accuracy. The findings highlight variations in model performance, and the need for understanding uncertainties and biases in climate models for reliable projections. Additionally, the study suggests that the interaction between the North and South Bay of Bengal can affect the Indian Ocean Dipole phenomenon, influencing temperature gradients and hence OHC.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T. and Kiehl, J., Earth’s global energy budget. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 2009, 90(3), 311–323. Meyssignac, B. et al., Measuring global ocean heat content to estimate the earth energy imbalance. Front. Mar. Sci., 2019, 6, 432.
Literature cited 2: Stocker, M. et al., In Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2013, p. 1535. Taylor, K., Stouffer, R. and Meehl, G., An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 2012, 93(4), 485– 498

ID: 65819
Title: Pesticide scenario and reduction strategies in Indian cardamom farming – present and future perspectives
Author: M. Nafeesa, M. Murugan, J. S. Remya, T. T. Preethy and Jins. K. Abraham
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 894-902 25 April (2024)
Subject: Pesticide scenario and reduction strategies in Indian cardamom farming – present and future perspectives
Keywords: Cardamom hill reserves, intensification, integration, pesticide consumption, strategies.
Abstract: Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton; Zingiberaceae) is one of India’s most export oriented spices. Insect pests and diseases are major threats to the sustainable cultivation of cardamom in India, and this crop alone consumes 26.21 kg a.i. ha–1 of pesticides per year. Shoot and capsule borers, thrips and root grubs are the major insect pests, and capsule rot, clump rot and leaf blight are the major diseases demanding more pesticides in the cardamom production system. The frequency of pesticide application in the system is nearly three times more than the recommended frequency. Various management strategies are advocated to reduce the load of pesticides and their residues. By considering the unique nature of the agroforestry system, varietal replacement, shade and nutrient management, exploitation of bioagents, organic initiatives, cultural and mechanical methods, biotechnological approaches, judicious application of synthetic chemicals and use of less toxic pesticides are the available employable strategies to minimize the pesticide load in the production system. Proper integration and adoption of these strategies by farmers are imperative.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: . Ravindran, P. N., Introduction. In Cardamom The genus Elettaria (eds Ravindran, P. N. and Madhusoodanan, K. J.), CRC Press, London, 2002, pp. 1–10. Murugan, M., Shetty, P. K., Ravi. R. and Subbiah, A., The physiological ecology of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.) in cardamom agroforest
Literature cited 2: Major spice state wise area and production 2022–23.pdf-Page; http://www.indianspices.com (accessed on 10 November 2023). Murugan, M., Josephrajkumar, A., Sainamolekurian, P., Ambikadevi, D., Vasanth Kumar, K. and Shetty, P. K., Critiques on the critical issues of cardamom cultivation in cardamom hill reserves, Kerala, India. Indian J. Arecanut, Spices Med. Plants, 2006, 8(4), 132−149

ID: 65818
Title: Bootstrapping quantum field theory: past, present and future
Author: B. Ananthanarayan and Aninda Sinha
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 887-893 25 April (2024)
Subject: Bootstrapping quantum field theory: past, present and future
Keywords: Bootstrap, causality, quantum field theory, S-matrix, unitarity.
Abstract: Quantum field theory was established about a hundred years ago and is the result of combining the principles of quantum mechanics and the special theory of relativity. Historically, some of the founding fathers were at high unease as intermediate calculations led to infinities. A different approach, sometimes called the analytic S-matrix or the bootstrap, relying on basic principles such as causality and unitarity, was put forward. A resurgence of these fields has taken place now since their power has not been tapped to the fullest, and are the most active fields of research in theoretical physics and spurring developments in computer algebra. In this article, after recalling the history of this field, we highlight some of the past and recent contributions from India.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Flexner, A., The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge, Harpers Magazine Issue 179, June/November 1939, pp. 544–552. Wilson, K. G., The renormalization group and critical phenomena. Rev. Mod. Phys., 1983, 55, 583–600; doi:10.1103/RevModPhys. 55.583.
Literature cited 2: Weinzierl, S., Feynman Integrals, Springer Nature, Switzerland AG, 2022; ISBN 978-3-030-99557-7; https://www.springer.com/ series/13351 Eden, R. J., Landshoff, P. V., Olive, D. I. and Polkinghorne, J. C., The Analytic S-Matrix, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1966; ISBN 978-0-521-04869-9

ID: 65817
Title: A unique drinking behaviour of capped langur
Author: SSamrat Sengupta, Narayan Sharma
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 882-883 25 April (2024)
Subject: A unique drinking behaviour of capped langur
Keywords: None
Abstract: Tree-living comes with its own perils, and arboreal animals exhibit unique adaptations to deal with them. These adaptations have, in turn, enabled such animals to survive and persist in a challenging environment with reduced exposure to ground predation. Having evolved to an arboreal existence where access to standing water sources is usually limited1 , tree-living mammals depend on various behavioural strategies to fulfil their water needs. This includes actively ingesting water either in the free form (e.g. from rivers, streams, pools, tree holes or other anthropogenic sources2 ) or as pre-formed water through the consumption of water-containing plant parts (e.g., tender or succulent leaves, petioles and fruits; see Kempf 3 and reference therein). Only a few records exist of arboreal primates drinking water from tree holes under field conditions (Supplementary Material S1; available at https://figshare.com/s/c2c05d4533b5df09efb7).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ferrari, S. F., Biotropica, 1991, 23, 307– 308. Hillyer, A. P., Armstrong, R. and Korstjens, A. H., Primate Biol., 2015, 2, 21–24.
Literature cited 2: Kempf, E., Folia Primatol., 2009, 80, 275– 294. Milton, K., Am. Nat., 1979, 114, 362–378.

ID: 65816
Title: Could the microbial to host cell numbers in healthy multicellular organisms be following the golden ratio?
Author: Mayank Murali, Alka Gupta and Murali Gopal
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 878-881 25 April (2024)
Subject: Could the microbial to host cell numbers in healthy multicellular organisms be following the golden ratio?
Keywords: None
Abstract: The co-evolution of microorganisms with multi cellular mega-organisms and the influence of the microbiome on the health of larger partners is a trending area in current research. The ratio of bacterial cells to human cells is an ongoing study in the field of human health. From 10 : 1, bacteria to human cell ratio, to 1 : 1 is the current information. However, after carefully perusing the emerging data of human and bacterial cells, we propose an out-of-box hypothesis of the golden ratio, 1.618, to be in the evolutionary cellular arrangements between the bacteria and human cells. If proved, it could pave way for better preparedness in managing human health using the microbiome, with the possibility of its spillover into plant health management too
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bordenstein, S. R. and Theis, K. R., PLoS Biol., 2015, 13(8), e1002226. Simon, J. C. et al., Microbiome, 2019, 7, 5; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-019-0619-4
Literature cited 2: Sorbara, M. T. and Pamer, E. G., Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2022, 20, 365–380; https://doi. org/10.1038/s41579-021-00667-9 Qin, J. et al., Nature, 2010, 464, 59–67; PMID: 20203603.