ID: 66570
Title: Strengthening India’s energy security in a changing global context
Author: S. Dasappa
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (10) 25 Nov. 2025 851-852 (2025)
Subject: Strengthening India’s energy security in a changing global context
Keywords: None
Abstract: India, in its commitment to achieve net zero emissions by
2070, has a major goal of installing 500 GW of non-fossil
fuel capacity by 2030—an effort expected to lower cumulative CO2 emissions by approximately one billion tons.
In FY 2024–25, India generated about 1,824 TWh of electricity, with non-fossil sources accounting for around 45%.
With current annual generation at about 1,800 BU, projections for 2030 indicate energy demand could reach 2,473
TWh at a 6.4% CAGR, or 2,377 TWh at 5.8% CAGR.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:
ID: 66569
Title: Assessing the impact of farm ponds on agricultural resilience and economic outcomes: a drone-based analysis in Bandlapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
Author: Stutee Gupta , Runjhun Chandra, Rajiv Kumar and M. A. Fyzee
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (9) 10 Nov. 2025 824-830 (2025)
Subject: Assessing the impact of farm ponds on agricultural resilience and economic outcomes: a drone-based analysis in Bandlapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
Keywords: Bandlapalle, drone, farm ponds, GIS, rural livelihood
Abstract: The present study uses drone-based survey to evaluate
the effectiveness of farm ponds in Bandlapalle village.
One hundred three farm ponds across 13.7 sq. km were
mapped using high-resolution drone data. Pond boundaries were delineated from ortho-rectified images, and
water storage capacities were calculated using surface
area and depth derived from a digital elevation model
(DEM). The results showed an average pond depth of
2.73 m and a total water storage capacity of 27,810.30
cubic metres. The cost–benefit analysis demonstrates
farm ponds’ economic advantages, with significant
electricity cost reductions compared to tubewell irrigation. The stored water could irrigate approximately
25.03 ha of paddy and 62.72 ha of groundnut, resulting in an additional income of | 500,600 for paddy
and | 1,034,880 for groundnut. The present study
emphasises the value of integrating drone technology
with geospatial tools for effective farm pond monitoring and management. It offers a scalable solution to
improve water security and agricultural resilience in
drought-prone regions, with important implications for
watershed management policies and rural development
programmes
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Rockström, J., Barron, J. and Fox, P., Rainwater management for increased productivity among small-holder farmers in drought-prone environments. Phys. Chem. Earth, Pt A/B/C, 2002, 27(11–22), 949–959.
López-Felices, B., Aznar-Sánchez, J. A., Velasco-Muñoz, J. F. and
Piquer-Rodríguez, M., Contribution of irrigation ponds to the sustainability of agriculture. A review of worldwide research. Sustainability,
2020, 12(13), 5425
Literature cited 2: Wisser, D., Frolking, S., Douglas, E. M., Fekete, B. M., Schumann,
A. H. and Vörösmarty, C. J., The significance of local water resources
captured in small reservoirs for crop production–A global-scale analysis. J. Hydrol., 2010, 384(3–4), 264–275.
Cofie, O. and Amede, T., Water management for sustainable agricultural intensification and smallholder resilience in sub-Saharan Africa.
Water Resour. Rural Develop., 2015, 1(6), 3–11
ID: 66568
Title: Exploring the relationship between mode selection and usage frequency in multi-day mode choice patterns for commute trips
Author: Ganesh Ambi Ramakrishnan, Karthik K. Srinivasan , Shobhit Saxena , Abdul Rawoof Pinjari , Chandra R. Bhat and Ram Pendyala
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (9) 10 November 25 806 -823 (2025)
Subject: Exploring the relationship between mode selection and usage frequency in multi-day mode choice patterns for commute trips
Keywords: Alternative-specific gamma profile, MDCEV model, multi-day mode choice, multivariate mode frequency, unimodal and multimodal segments, primary and secondary sustainable mode choice
Abstract: The present study introduces a comprehensive multiple
discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) framework to study multi-day mode choice decisions among
workers in Chennai, India. Unlike the popular crosssectional models, this framework accounts for both
mode selection and mode usage dimensions simultaneously. Specifically, individuals are assumed to select a portfolio of modes with varied frequencies to
meet their diverse activity and travel requirements.
The mode shares and frequencies vary considerably
between primary (regular) and secondary (alternative)
modes. Primary modes have a high mode use frequency
(85–94%) but comprise only 38% sustainable mode
share. In contrast, secondary modes have a larger
sustainable mode share (59%) but a lower frequency
(12–18%). The proposed MDCEV model is superior to
existing models in predicting primary mode frequency
by 42–50% and secondary mode frequency by 22–29%.
The improvement in the discrete component is also substantial, ranging from 55% to 56% in terms of mode
adoption, 30–31% for primary mode shares, and about
66–67% for secondary mode shares. The MDCEV results show a complex and non-linear relationship between the mode usage intensity and the mode selection
dimensions. Specifically, the multiple-discrete nature of
mode choice and the multiple peaks in mode use frequency are represented. Additionally, the set of influential factors varies across dimensions of mode selection
and mode use frequency. Non-commute activities and
micro-access to transit influence both the likelihood of
adopting a mode and its subsequent usage frequency,
whereas features such as first- and last-mile connectivity primarily affect how often the mode is used once it
has been chosen. Furthermore, sensitivity to the ‘translation parameters’ satiation effects differs substantially
across modes, unlike in prior literature. Additionally, the model results indicate potential complementarity and substitution effects in the usage frequency
across modes. Neglecting these complex relationship can lead to a poor model fit and biased coefficients.
The models and results have significant practical implications. By utilising richer multi-day data and models, planners can differentiate the roles of key factors
in mode adoption or consideration, primary and secondary mode choice, and mode usage frequency dimensions. Illustrative policy analysis reveals that various
policy levers can be employed to encourage intensities
of primary and secondary mode usage. For instance,
improving train service network coverage affects the
frequency of primary mode, whereas direct bus services
can enhance the frequency of secondary mode usage
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Carrel, A., Vij, A. and Walker, J. L., Capturing modality styles using behavioral mixtures and longitudinal data. In International Choice
Modelling Conference 2011, Leeds, UK, 2011, pp. 1–29.
Cherchi, E., Meloni, I. and Ortúzar, J. D., The latent effect of inertia in
the choice of mode. In 13th International Conference on Travel Behavior Research, 15–20 July 2012, Fairmont Royal York Hotel, Toronto,
Canada, 2014, pp. 517–534
Literature cited 2: Cherchi, E. and Cirillo, C., A mixed logit mode choice model on panel
data: accounting for systematic and random variations in responses and
preferences. In 87th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research
Board, 13–17 January 2008, Washington, D. C., USA, 2008, p. 20.
Bhat, C. R., Incorporating observed and unobserved heterogeneity in
urban work travel mode choice modelling. Transp. Sci., 2000, 34(2),
228–238; https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.34.2.228.12306
ID: 66567
Title: Detection and mitigation of radio frequency interference in ISRO’s P-band airborne synthetic aperture radar
Author: Vetal Akshay Pandit , Prantik Chakraborty, Yogendra Sahu, Pankaj Kanti Nath and Ch. V. Narasimha Rao
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (9) 10 November 25 800-805 (2025)
Subject: Detection and mitigation of radio frequency interference in ISRO’s P-band airborne synthetic aperture radar
Keywords: P-band, RFI, SAR, spectrum, standard deviation, threshold.
Abstract: Radio frequency interference (RFI) significantly degrades the quality of synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
signals, particularly in lower-frequency bands. The
present study presents an algorithm designed to suppress RFI in P-band SAR (450 MHz) signals, thereby
improving image quality. The algorithm for RFI mitigation is not band-specific. The proposed method
identifies RFI signatures in the frequency domain by
analysing the magnitude of the complex fast Fourier
transform (FFT) for each radar pulse. RFI detection relies on statistical analysis of mean and standard deviation within defined spectral regions, flagging anomalies
that exceed a dynamic threshold. Mitigation is achieved
through the targeted replacement of spectral components for narrowband interference (NBI) and masking
for wideband interference (WBI), while strictly preserving phase information. Additionally, a calibrated
noise signal, with its own RFI components removed, is
coherently subtracted in the FFT domain to enhance
the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The algorithm was rigorously tested using data collected by the Indian Space
Research Organisation’s (ISRO) first P-band airborne
SAR during flight campaigns near Bengaluru and Hyderabad. Results demonstrate the algorithm’s effectiveness in suppressing RFI, leading to a notable 8 dB
improvement in noise equivalent sigma zero (NESZ)
and significant visual enhancements in SAR imagery.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Wegmuller, U., Werner, C. and Strozzi, T., SAR interferometric and
differential interferometric processing chain. In 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Sensing and Managing the Environment, Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No. 98CH36174), IEEE,
1998, vol. 2, pp. 1106–1108.
Van Zyl, J., Synthetic aperture radar polarimetry. John Wiley & Sons,
2011, pp. 201–287.
Literature cited 2: Almeida, M. M. R., Miranda, J. S. and Rodrigues, J. C. M., Review of
P-band SAR for forest biomass estimation: challenges and opportunities. Remote Sens., 2020, 12(18), 2963.
Quegan, S., The BIOMASS Mission: understanding Earth’s forest carbon cycle. ESA Bulleti
ID: 66566
Title: Assessing NO2 pollution in Delhi, India: a geospatial approach to urbanisation and land use impacts
Author: Shilpi , Saiveena Suresh , T. Jayanthi and S. V. S. R. Krishna Kishore
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (9) 10 November 25 794 -799 (2025)
Subject: Assessing NO2 pollution in Delhi, India: a geospatial approach to urbanisation and land use impacts
Keywords: Air pollutants, air quality, geographically weighted regression, Google Earth Engine, LULC, Sentinel-2.
Abstract: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a major air pollutant in
cities, significantly affecting air quality and public
health. The present study examines the spatial link
between NO2 levels and different land use/land cover
(LULC) in Delhi, India, for the year 2023. The study
explores the connection between NO2 pollution and
six types of LULC: cropland, tree cover, shrubland,
grassland, built-up areas, and permanent water bodies. The land cover product for the mentioned LULC
types was taken from the Sentinel-2 and handled in
Google Earth Engine. Then, each LULC type was
approximated to determine its effect on NO2 distribution. The findings will help improve the understanding of NO2 pollution in Delhi. They will also
provide useful information for urban planning, environmental management, and policy development
to reduce air pollution and its related health risks.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: WHO, WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5
and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2021.
Apte, J. S., Brauer, M., Cohen, A. J., Ezzati, M. and Pope, C. A.,
Ambient PM2.5 and NO2 air pollution exposure and global burden of
disease. Lancet Planet. Health, 2022, 6, e494–e516.
Literature cited 2: Gurjar, B. R., Butler, T. M., Lawrence, M. G. and Lelieveld, J., Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities. Atmos. Environ., 2016,
40, 5832–5846.
Singh, P., Ghosh, S. K. and Kumar, R., Spatio-temporal analysis of
NO2 pollution in Delhi using satellite remote sensing and groundbased observations. Environ. Pollut., 202
ID: 66565
Title: Optimisation and implementation of an ANN-based model for adsorption of ferrous ion from groundwater using banana stem-derived activated carbon
Author: Reenarani Wairokpam, Lairenlakpam Helena and Potsangbam Albino Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (9) 10 November 25 780 -793 (2025)
Subject: Optimisation and implementation of an ANN-based model for adsorption of ferrous ion from groundwater using banana stem-derived activated carbon
Keywords: Activated carbon, adsorption, artificial neural network, banana stem, kinetics
Abstract: The present study examines the potential of banana
stem-derived activated carbon (ACBS) for removing
ferrous ions from groundwater, supported by artificial neural network modelling. Batch experiments
were conducted to evaluate adsorption performance.
Kinetic studies indicated that adsorption followed
Lagergren’s pseudo-order and intra-particle diffusion mechanisms, while equilibrium data fitted best
with the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer
adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated
the process to be spontaneous and endothermic,
with positive entropy change indicating enhanced
disorder at the solid–solution interface. The artificial neural network (ANN) model effectively predicted
adsorption behaviour, achieving a mean squared error of 0.00173 for ACBS, confirming its reliability.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ketsela, G., Animen, Z. and Telema, A., Adsorption of lead (II), cobalt
(II) and iron (II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared
from white lupine (GIBITO) HSUK. J. Thermodyn. Catal., 2020,
11(1), 1–8.
Oktrianty, M., Palapa, N. R., Mohadi, R. and Lesbani, A., Effective
removal of iron (II) from aqueous solution by adsorption using Zn/Cr
layered double hydroxides intercalated with Keggin ion. J. Ecol. Eng.,
2020, 21(5), 63–71
Literature cited 2: Aziz, H. A., Shakr, S. N. M., Akbar, N. A. and Alazaiza, M. Y. D., The
removal efficiency of iron and manganese from pre-ozonated groundwater using limestone filter. Water Qual. Res. J., 2020, 55(2), 1–17.
Salimi, A. H., Shamshiri, A., Jaberi, E., Huang, Y. F., Ahmed, A. N.
and Elshafie, A., Total iron removal from aqueous solution by using
modified clinoptilolite. Ain Shams Eng. J., 2022, 13, 101495–101508
ID: 66564
Title: Optimising the resilience of wheat to a changing climate in North Kashmir, India
Author: S. Sheraz Mahdi, Rukhsana Jan , Owais Ali Wani , Alexandre S. Gagnon , M. Anwar Bhat , F. A. Bahar , Reyazul Rouf Mir , Bhagyashree S. Dhekale , S. A. Bangroo and Raies Ahmed Bhat
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (9) 10 November 25 772 -779 (2025)
Subject: Optimising the resilience of wheat to a changing climate in North Kashmir, India
Keywords: Climate change, India, North Kashmir, phenology, sowing window, wheat.
Abstract: Three field experiments were conducted to assess the
performance of various spring wheat genotypes, viz.,
SKAU-101 (V1), SKAU-102 (V2) and Shalimar Wheat2 (V3). These genotypes were sown on different dates:
15 October (S1), 1 November (S2) and 15 November (S3)
during the 2020–2021 winter (rabi) season. Randomised
complete block design (RCBD) was employed for the
experimental setup in North Kashmir, India. This design facilitated a thorough examination of each genotype’s response to the different planting dates within
the specified agroecological context. The crops sown
on 15 October showed superior growth, phenology and
yield (4.01 t ha-1 for grain). The SKAU-102 variety required less time to reach various phenological stages,
matured 5–12 days earlier than the other two genotypes, and produced a higher yield; the highest yield
(4.4 t ha-1) was observed with the SKAU-102 genotype
when sown early (V2S1). Furthermore, climate change
trends in the region from 1980 to 2021 revealed statistically significant increases in maximum and minimum
temperatures at a rate of 0.02°C per year, accompanied by a decreasing trend in precipitation at a rate
of -4.53 mm per year, which, if they continue, can adversely affect wheat growth, development and yield.
Considering the ongoing climate changes and the findings from field experiments, it is advisable to sow the
wheat genotype SKAU-102 by 15 October to achieve the
earliest maturity and the highest yield, in contrast to
the typical sowing date of mid-November in the region.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: United States Department of Agriculture. Wheat Outlook-WHS-22d,
National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2022, p. 16.
FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2022;
https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data (accessed on 6 April 2023)
Literature cited 2: Saddiq, M. S., Afzal, I., Iqbal, S., Hafeez, M. B. and Raza, A., Low
leaf sodium content improves the grain yield and physiological performance of wheat genotypes in saline-sodic soil. Pesqui. Agropecu.
Trop., 2021, 51, e67663.
Wasaya, A., Manzoor, S., Yasir, T. A., Sarwar, N., Mubeen, K. and Ismail, I. A., Evaluation of fourteen bread wheat genotypes by observing
gas exchange parameters, relative water and chlorophyll content, and
yield attributes under drought stress. Sustainability, 2021, 13(9), 4799
ID: 66563
Title: Strengthening institutional resilience for radiation emergency management in India
Author: Dinesh Kumar Aswal , Probal Chaudhury and Anirudh Chandra
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (9) 10 November 25 767 -771 (2025)
Subject: Strengthening institutional resilience for radiation emergency management in India
Keywords: None
Abstract: India’s growing nuclear programme requires stronger preparedness for radiation emergencies. Current emergency
governance rests on two pillars: nuclear institutions under the Department of Atomic Energy, and the national disaster
management system led by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). While both are established, gaps persist in statutory authority, technical–administrative coordination, plan integration, state-level readiness, inter-ministerial
mandates, and medical capacity. This commentary benchmarks India’s framework against U.S. and Japanese models, and
proposes reforms: strengthening nuclear legislature, establishing a permanent technical body, updating NDMA guidelines, harmonising institutions under unified command, and investing in health and technology. These measures would
embed interoperability and resilience, and align India with global best practices in radiation emergency management.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Grover, R. B., Curr. Sci., 2025, 128(3),
240–244.
United Nations, Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, The
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Sendai, 2015
Literature cited 2: Disaster Management Division, Global
Frameworks for DRR. Ministry of Home
Affairs, Government of India, 2017;
https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/ndmi/globalframeworks-for-drr (accessed on 8 September 2025).
Ministry of Home Affairs, Disaster
Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024.
Press Information Bureau, 22 July 2025;
https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.as
px?PRID=2146781 (accessed on 8 September 2025)
ID: 66562
Title: Magnon spectroscopy: a breakthrough in nanoscale magnetism and spintronics
Author: V. Shree Yazhini
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (9) 10 November 25 765 -766 (2025)
Subject: Magnon spectroscopy: a breakthrough in nanoscale magnetism and spintronics
Keywords: None
Abstract: The miniaturisation of electronic
devices involves primary technical
challenges due to the proximity of
conventional charge-based transistors to physical limits. The problems
of heat management and the limitations of information transfer speed are
driving researchers to explore alternative technologies. A potential solution to this problem is spintronics,
which leverages the combined charge
and spin characteristics of electrons,
offering non-volatility, higher data
processing rates, increased integration densities, and significantly lower
power consumption rates1
. This
revolutionary approach could transform the way we store and process
information in the new technology.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Barla, P., Joshi, V. K. and Bhat, S., J. Comput. Electron., 2021, 20, 805–837.
Lyon, K., Bergman, A., Zeiger, P., Kepaptsoglou, D., Ramasse, Q. M., Idrobo, J. C.
and Rusz, J., Phys. Rev. B., 2021, 104,
214418.
Literature cited 2: Husain, S. and Ramesh, R., npj Spintronics,
2025, 3, 1–6.
Xiong, D. et al., Fundam. Res., 2022, 2,
522–534.
ID: 66561
Title: Upcoming UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP 30)
Author: S. K. Satheesh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (9) 10 November 25 763 -764 (2025)
Subject: Upcoming UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP 30)
Keywords: None
Abstract: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) annual conference, COP30 is scheduled to
take place from 6 to 21 November 2025 in Brazil
(https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/cop30), aiming at
assessing the actions already taken and those still to be
taken to prevent further increase in temperature beyond
1.5°C (above its pre-industrial revolution value). At least
some nations, if not all, are expected to revise their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to accelerate the
mitigation plans. Progress and actions based on pledges
made at COP29 are expected to be discussed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:
ID: 66560
Title: Automated ECG signal analysis for cardiac aahythmia detection-A Review
Author: Sonal, Swarna KL, VIdyasree CS, Vijay Kulal and Vijetha TS
Editor: None
Year: 2025
Publisher: None
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: (Confluence-2025, conference proceedings, Abstracts -6-8Nov 2025, GM University, Davangere, Karnataka Pg no. 43
Subject: Automated ECG signal analysis for cardiac aahythmia detection-A Review
Keywords: ECG analysis,cardiovascular diseases, signal processing, machine learning
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are the primary reason for mortality worlwide. As per the World Heart Report 2023 by the World Heart Federation, it highlights the global burden of cardiovascular diseases ,nothing that CVDs accounted for 20.5 million deaths in 2021, nearly a third of all deaths worldwide. The rate of death can be delayed and may be prevented by efficiently analyzing the ECG (Electrocardiogram) signals at the early stage of the disease. Many traditional diagnostic methods rely on manual interpretation of ECG signals and also accurate detection of different parameters (like P,Q,R,S,T waveforms, QRS complex duration, R-peak, PR interval, and RR-interval) from the ECG signals (1).This study explores a detailed discussion and comparison of various ECG analysis techniques. The analysis summarizes the ECG extraction method, databases available for disease detection and classification , and performance measures analyzed by the researchers (2).Based on the reviewed literature, existing methods indicate that real-time ECG analysis holds strong potential for identifying heart-related conditions and improving early detection rates, which in turn supports timely medical intervention (3).The findings highlights the potential of automated ECG analysis in reducing diagnostic errors, optimizing healthcare efficinecy, and supporting real-time monitoring for patients. The reviewed works are not yet sufficient in terms of accuracy and reliability, and our aim is to overcome these gaps by employing efficient signal processing, robust feature extraction, and advanced machine learning techniques.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:
ID: 66559
Title: Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture : A comprehensive review of crop yield prediction, crop rotation optimization, and leaf disease detection
Author: Bhoomika C, Karthik S Kashyap,Aishwarya S Kudleppanavar,Karthik, and Ganesh VN
Editor: None
Year: 2025
Publisher: None
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: (Confluence-2025, conference proceedings, Abstracts -6-8Nov 2025, GM University, Davangere, Karnataka Pg no. 42
Subject: Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture : A comprehensive review of crop yield prediction, crop rotation optimization, and leaf disease detection
Keywords: Artificial inteligence,Machine learning,smart farming,sustainableagriculture
Abstract: Agriculture has always been the heart of India's economy, providing food and sustaining millions of families. But today, farmers face new challenges. Climate change has made rainfall unpredictable, soils are losing fertility, and traditional methods that once ensured steady harvests are no longer enough. Erratic monsoons, the heavy use of fertilizers, and falling productivity have made farming riskier than ever. To tackle these problems, farmers now need to combine their traditional knowledge with modern solutions. Tools powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI)and Machine Learning(ML)can check soil quality, forecast the weather, and even detect crop diseases at an early stage.with this information,farmers can decide which crops to grow,when to sow them,how much water to use through automated irrigation,and even estimate yields more accurately to reduce financial risks. This is not about replacing traditional farming wisdom-it's about enhancing it with innovation, by embracing AI and ML, Indian agriculture can become more efficient, resilient, and sustainable. As the nation moves forward, technology can strengths farming, protect farmer's livelihoods, and secure food for generations to come.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:
ID: 66558
Title: Sustainability:Our life,Our relationsibility, our future
Author: Speaker-Dr. Raghu Raghavan -(Confluence-2025, conference proceedings, Abstracts -6-8Nov 2025,GM University, Davangere, Karnataka(Confluence-2025, conference proceedings, Abstracts -6-8Nov 2025,GM University, Davangere, Karnataka
Editor: None
Year: 2025
Publisher: None
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: (Confluence-2025, conference proceedings, Abstracts -6-8Nov 2025, GM University, Davangere, Karnataka Pg no. XIV
Subject: Sustainability:Our life,Our relationsibility, our future
Keywords: None
Abstract: In an era marked by rapid growth, technological progress, increasing environmental stress and conflict, sustainability has become more than an ideal-it is necessity. This keynote address explores the meaning, challenges, and opportunities of sustainability in the Indian and international context, emphasizing its role in education, research, innovation, and everyday life. This challenge poses many questions for us in exploring possibilities for balancing three vital pillars-People, Planet and Prosperity-and how India, as one of the fastest-growing yet most climate-vulnerable nations, must pursue development without depletion. Individual and community attitudes and colleges are change agents in creating community engaged transformative research, knowledge exchange policies and practices for eco-creating sustainable living and prosperity. Special focus is given to the role of universities and young people in this transformation. Campuses can serve as living laboratories for sustainable practices-through clean energy adoption, waste management, water conservation, and curriculum integgration. Along with this, attitudes, behavior and sell being of people are crucial for enabling and empowering a sustainable future. This presentation will explore how students and educators can act locally while thinking globally, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:
ID: 66557
Title: Innovations in scinece and technology for societal well-being
Author: Speaker-Dr. T.V. Ramachandra-(Confluence-2025, conference proceedings, Abstracts -6-8Nov 2025,GM University, Davangere, Karnataka
Editor: None
Year: 2025
Publisher: GM University, Davangere, Karnataka
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: -(Confluence-2025, conference proceedings, Abstracts -6-8Nov 2025, GM University, Davangere, Karnataka Pg no. XV-XVIII
Subject: Innovations in scinece and technology for societal well-being
Keywords: None
Abstract: The western Ghats, a range of ancient hills, extend between 73°E and 77°E longitude (from the tip of peninsular India at Kanyakumari to Gujarat). The Western Ghats (WG) run parallel to the west coast of India, covering approximately 160,000 sq.km, which constitutes less than 5% of India's geographical extent. Numerous streams originate in the western ghats, which drain millions of hectares, ensuring water and food security for 245 million people and hence ae aptly known as the water tower of peninsular India (Ramachandra and Bharath,2019; Bharath et al, 2021). The region is endowed with diverse ecological regions depending on altitude, latitude, rainfall, and soil characteristics. The western Ghats are among the eight hottest hotspots of biodiversity and 36 global biodiversity hotspots with exceptional endemic flora and fauna. Natural forests of Western Ghats have been providing various goods and services and are endowed with species of 4,600 +flowering plants (38% endemics), 330 butterflies (11% endemics), 289 fishes (41% endemics) and 135 amphibians (75% endemics).The Western Ghats, gifted with enormous natural resources potential, and the mandate of sustainable development based on foundation of prudent management of ecosystems, is yet a reality. Various unplanned developmental programs, which are proclaimed to be functioning on sustainability principles, have only been disrupting the complex web o life, impacting ecosystems, and causing a decline in overall productivity ,including four major sector: forestry, fisheries, agriculture, and water(Ramachandra and Bharath,2019).The prevalence o barren hilltops, conversion of perennial streams to intermittent or seasonal streams, frequent floods and droughts, changes in water quality, soil erosion and sedimentation, the decline of endemic flora, and fauna ,etc. highlights the consequences of unplanned developmental activities with a huge loss to the original economy during the last century. The development goals need to be ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable, which can be achieved through the conservation and prudent management of ecosystems. Sustainability implies the equilibrium between society, ecosystem integrity, and the sustenance of natural resources. Water sustenance in streams and rivers depends on the integrity of the catchment (watershed), as vegetation helps in retarding the velocity of water by allowing impoundment and recharging of gorundwater through infiltration (Ramachandra et al..2020).As water moves in the terrestrial ecosystem, part of it is percolated (recharging groundwater resources and contributing to subsurface flow during post-monsoon seasons), while another fraction gets back to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. Forests with native vegetation act as sponge by retaining and regulating water transfer between land and the atmosphere. The mechanism by which vegetation controls flow regime is dependent on various bio-physiographic characteristics, namely, type of vegetation, species composition, maturity, density, root density and depth, hydro-climatic condition, etc. Roots of vegetation help (i) in binding soil, (ii)improve soil structure by enhancing the stability of aggregates, which provide habitat for diverse microfauna and flora, leading to the higher porosity of the soil, thereby creating the conduit for infiltration through the soil. An undisturbed native forest has a consistent hydrologic regime with sustained flows during lean seasons.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ramachandra, T.V. and S. Bharath: Carbon sequestration potential of the forest ecosystems in the western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot, Nat Resour Res,1-19 (2019).https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09588-0
Ramachandra, T.V., S. Vinay, S. Bharath, M.D. Subashchandran and H.A.Bharath: Insights into riverscape dynamics with the hydrological, ecological and social dimensions for water sustenanace, Curr.Sci., 118 (9):1379-1393 (2020).
Literature cited 2: Bharath S., K.S. Rajan and T.V.Ramachandra: Modeling Forest Landscape Dynamics, Nova Science Publishers, New York, ISBN:978-1-53619-594-1, Pp 248 (2021).
Ramachandra, T.V.,K.Gouri, H.A.Bharath, S.Bharath, S.Vinay and R.B. Harish: Mini Forest at Indian Institute of Science: The Success Model for Rejuvenating Ecology and Hydrology in Rapidly Urbanizing Landscapes, Sahyadri Conservation Series58, ENVIS Technical Report 110, Energy Wetlands Research Group, CES, IISc, Bangalore, India, Pp 82, (2016) http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/water/paper/ETR110/index.html
ID: 66556
Title: Economic grasses of India and their ecological significance
Author: Sandhya sharma, preeti singh parihar Gupta, Nidhi Mahendru, Mithlesh Kumar Sinha, Sweta Mishra and Sanjeet Kumar
Editor: Richa Misra
Year: 2025
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: The Indian Forester Vol. 151 (9) Sep 25 Pg No. 913-916 (2025)
Subject: Economic grasses of India and their ecological significance
Keywords: None
Abstract: Grasses are one of the most widespread and ecologically significant groups of plants, playing a vital role in maintaining environmental balance and supporting human livelihoods (Li et al.,2022., Dimri et al)2024).Grasses also contribute to soil conservation, water cycling, and climate regulation, making them a crucial component of ecosystem services (Sinha et al., 2023).In addition to their ecological importance, grasses have significant economic and cultural values. Many grass species are staple food crops, providing sustenance for millions of people worldwide (Satapathy et al,2019a;Satapahy et al 2019b).Others are used for medicinal purposes ,handicrafts, and industrial applications (Mishra etal2022).In India, grasses such as rice, wheat, and millets are essential crops (Jain et al,2024), while others like lemongrass and cittronella grass are valued for their medicinal and aromatic properties (Shah et al.,2011; Sharma et al,2019).The importance of grasses extends beyond their economic and ecological significance, as they also hold cultural and spiritual values.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chen, F., Zhang J., M. and Wang J. (2015). Effect of Cynodon dactylon community on the conservation and reinforcement of riparian shallow soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Ecological Processes.4:3 DOI10.1186/s13717-014-0029-2.
Chorghe AR and Prasanna PV (2021). Grasses of Odisha. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Literature cited 2: Dimri ,R.Das, K, Devi, R.S., Kumar, S., Kumar, N. and Das, A. (2024). Ecological, Socioeconomic and Nutraceutical Values of Zizania latifolia (Kambong): A wetland Grass for Sanga deer & Human population. Indian Forester, 150 (10):956-961.
Jain, S.K and Mudgal, V. (1999). A handbook of Ethnobotany. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India