Enter records

ID: 66246
Title: Mixed farming of catfish and carps: a model for higher productivity and income
Author: Md. Aklakur Udipta Roy Md. Imran Shah Kamlesh Kumar Md Amjad Vikash Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (9) 867-871 10 May (2025)
Subject: Mixed farming of catfish and carps: a model for higher productivity and income
Keywords: None
Abstract: Aquaculture has promises for feeding to the burgeoning population of the world. Inland production through aquaculture is growing very fast and carp fishes have a huge contribution to fisheries around 70.6% of the total production1 . The demand in local market and high consumer preference made the carp-based aquaculture more prominent in India. The most commonly preferred carp varieties in Bihar and other Indian states are as follows: Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), Big Head (Hypophthal michthys nobilis), Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Black Carp (Labeo calbasu) and Bata (Labeo bata), etc. Farmers’ prefer these species for their higher growth, natural food acceptance, polyculture and composite culture potential in pond-based systems. Generally, the productivity of carps in pond-based systems can range from 0.8 to 3.2 tonnes per acre, which can be achieved in six months2 . In Andhra Pradesh, various polyculture models for carp culture are followed. In one system, Catla and Rohu fingerlings are stocked at the density of 8,000–10,000/ha at a ratio of Catla : Rohu (1 : 10) and within one-year culture cycle, 1–2 kg fishes are harvested with 85–90% survival rate, which accounted around 10–13 tonnes/ha/year production3 . In another practice, farmers use three-species stocking, with 5000 Rohu, 500 Catla and 250 Mrigal per hectare and within one year culture duration, growth of Catla can be achieved 2.5–3.5 kg, Rohu 1.5–2.5 kg and Mrigal 1.0–1.5 kg, can be with an overall yield of 9–11 MT/ha/year. In West Bengal, most of the farmers follow composite fish farming to utilize all ecological niches of pond ecosystem to fetch higher returns where six species are stocked at a ratio of 30–40% surface feeders (Silver Carp and Catla), 30–35% column feeders (Rohu and Grass Carp) and 30–40% bottom feeders (Common Carp and Mrigal). Some farmers include bottom feeding freshwater prawns instead of Common Carp and Mrigal to fetch higher returns. The core objective of such inclusion is to make culture system more feasible than major carp polyculture alone4–6
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Allsopp, W., In Global Trends in Fisheries Management, American Fisheries Society, Symposium, 1999, vol. 20, pp. 153–166. Yadava, M., Ranjanb, R. and Shahc, T. B., Aquacult. J., 2023, 14(1), 1D.
Literature cited 2: Bhanu Prakash, C. H., Khairnar, S. O., Mandal, A., Kumar, A. and Kumar, B., Int. J. Fisher. Aquat. Stud., 2018, 6(4), 545– 550. Dora, K. C., Freshwater Fish Seed Production and Nursery Rearing in West Bengal, India. In International Training Programme for Cambodian Trainees, 2012.

ID: 66245
Title: Recombinant bovine enzyme destroys biofilm shield of emerging ‘superbug’ pathogen
Author: Yousuf Khan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (9) 865-866 10 May (2025)
Subject: Recombinant bovine enzyme destroys biofilm shield of emerging ‘superbug’ pathogen
Keywords: None
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the phenomenon of pathogenic microbes evolving characteristics to impede the action of drugs, is an alarming healthcare concern. In 2023, the Indian National AMR Surveillance Network Report documented an 83% increase in AMR cases in public healthcare centres since 2017 (ref. 1). In his Nobel Prize lecture, Alexander Fleming warned about his serendipitous discovery: ‘The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops. Then there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily underdose himself, and by exposing his microbes to non-lethal quantities of the drug make them resistant’ 2 . Soon enough, cases of multidrug resistant bacteria were reported, giving a glimpse of the dark side of this ‘wonder drug’ class. Widespread overuse of antibiotics, antimicrobial pollution and ineffective infection control have compounded the problem, producing a steady growth in AMR-resistant strains3 . Discovery of new drugs capable of countering them requires massive time and capital investment with a low probability of success
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: NCDC, Annual Report National Antimicrobial Surveillance Network, National Centre for Disease Control, Govt of India, 2023; https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Final-Annual-Report-2023-06_ 08_2024.pdf. Fleming, A., Nobel Lecture, NobelPrize. org, 1945; https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/lecture (accessed on 15 November 2024)
Literature cited 2: Holmes, A. H. et al., Lancet, 2016, 387(10014), 176–187. Struelens, M. J., BMJ, 1998, 317(7159), 652–654.

ID: 66244
Title: Efficient Gaussian Sugeno fuzzy vector with bidirectional lucidity network for gas turbine
Author: Ravindra S. Surase, K. Rama Krishna and Ramchandra P. Chopade
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 802-817 25 April (2025)
Subject: Efficient Gaussian Sugeno fuzzy vector with bidirectional lucidity network for gas turbine
Keywords: Azeotropic mixtures, catalyst deactivation, combined gas turbine plant, condenser system, exergy destruction, selective catalytic reduction systems
Abstract: In the realm of power generation, the integration of gas turbine technology with complementary components in a combined gas turbine (CGT) plant demands meticulous examination of exergy destruction and NOx reduction to ascertain its pivotal performance metrics. Hence, a novel Gaussian Sugeno vector network with a bidirectional lucidity network has been introduced. In the condenser, azeotropic mixtures in the working fluid reveal different heat-transfer characteristics which affect condenser effectiveness and contribute to higher exergy destruction. Thus, a novel Gaussian–Sugeno– Swarm vector network has been implemented, which mitigates the complexities introduced by azeotropic mixtures, reducing exergy destruction and significantly improving the overall effectiveness of the condenser. Furthermore, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems exhibit non-linear behaviour due to catalyst deactivation, causing incomplete NOx reduction due to difficulty in predicting and controlling temperature changes. So, a novel bidirectional niching fuzzy lucidity network has been introduced, which provides a comprehensive solution to address the limitations of current control algorithms, ensuring a complete reduction in NOx emissions in SCR systems. The proposed method demonstrates excellence in condenser and SCR systems by achieving a high prediction accuracy of 0.94, precision of 0.96, NOx reduction of 0.97 and low heat loss of 0.02.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Latif, A., Hussain, S. M. S., Das, D. C. and Ustun, T. S., State-of the-art of controllers and soft computing techniques for regulated load frequency management of single/multi-area traditional and renewable energy based power systems. Appl. Energy, 2020, 266, 114858. Hashmi, M. B., Majid Mohd A. A. and Lemma, T. A., Combined effect of inlet air cooling and fouling on performance of variable geometry industrial gas turbines. Alexandria Eng. J., 2020, 59(3), 1811–1821.
Literature cited 2: Ahmad, N., Ghadi, Y., Adnan, M. and Ali, M., Load forecasting techniques for power system: research challenges and survey. IEEE Access, 2022, 10, 71054–71090. Moradzadeh, A., Mohammadi-Ivatloo, B., Abapour, M., AnvariMoghaddam, A. and Roy, S. S., Heating and cooling loads forecasting for residential buildings based on hybrid machine learning applications: a comprehensive review and comparative analysis. IEEE Access, 2021, 10, 2196–2215.

ID: 66243
Title: Ionomic analysis of citrus scion–rootstock combinations: implications for sodium chloride stress tolerance
Author: Kripa Shankar , O. P. Awasthi, V. K. Sharma , N. Devachandra , Sandeep Kumar and Ashok Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 789-795 25 April (2025)
Subject: Ionomic analysis of citrus scion–rootstock combinations: implications for sodium chloride stress tolerance
Keywords: Citrus, correlation, ionomics, PCA, salinity, scion–rootstock.
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of 30 and 60 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) stress on sweet orange cultivar Pusa Sharad (PS) grafted on 11 different citrus rootstocks, i.e., Jatti Khatti (JK), X-639 (X9), CRH-12 (C12), NRCC-1 (N1), NRCC-2 (N2), NRCC-3 (N3), NRCC-4 (N4), NRCC-5 (N5), Troyer citrange (TC), CRH-47 (C47) and Cleopatra mandarin (CM) compared with control treatment. The nitrogen (N) concentration in leaves and roots decreased by 10–40%, phosphorus (P) by 11–34%, potassium (K) by 7–49%, calcium (Ca) by 4– 43% and magnesium (Mg) by 8–29% as the NaCl in the irrigation water spiraled from control to 60 mM of NaCl stress depending upon the sensitivity of rootstocks. The PS grafted on C12 and JK, N4 and N2 had greater Cl− and Na+ in the root as compared to leaf. However, The PS grafted on CM and X9 had least Na+ and Cl− concentration in leaf and root at 30 and 60 mM of NaCl concentration thus suggesting that CM and X9 rootstocks are more tolerant to salt stress than JK, C12, N4 and N2 and have potential for imparting tolerance in the sweet orange scion cv. Pusa Sharad.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: MoAFW, Area and Production of Horticulture Crops (2nd Advance Estimate), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, New Delhi, India, 2023. Storey, R. and Walker, R. R., Citrus and salinity. Sci Hortic., 1999, 87, 39–81.
Literature cited 2: Alam, A., Ullah, H., Attia, A. and Datta, A., Effects of salinity stress on growth, mineral nutrient accumulation and biochemical parameters of seedlings of three citrus rootstocks. Int. J. Fruit Sci., 2020, 20(4), 786–804. Banuls, J., Legaz, F. and Primo-Millo, E., Salinity-calcium interactions on growth and ionic concentration of citrus plants. Plant Soil, 1991, 133, 39–46

ID: 66242
Title: Identification of admixtures in Melia dubia germplasm as revealed by Bayesian analysis
Author: Neha Singh Panwar, Ashok Kumar and Ravindra Singh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 785-788 25 April (2025)
Subject: Identification of admixtures in Melia dubia germplasm as revealed by Bayesian analysis
Keywords: Admixture, Bayesian, membership likelihood, Melia dubia, mixing
Abstract: Melia dubia, an important agroforestry tree species, although it has its diversity hotspot in north-eastern states of India, it has been found to be dispersed in various other states as well. Therefore, to detect gene flow between populations, 185 genotypes from different geographical origins were sampled to identify and study the occurrence of admixtures using 60 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) generating definite and reproducible bands. Bayesian structure analysis grouped genotypes into 6 (best ∆K = 6) genetic groups. Through membership likelihoods (Q >/< 0.60), admixture analysis revealed 175 genotypes to be highly pure, whereas the remaining 10 were mixed indicating genetic mixing. The present study highlights the efficiency of SSRs for the molecular portrayal of M. dubia and assessing its genetic diversity for genetic improvement through effective breeding schemes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Porras-Hurtado, L., Ruiz, Y., Santos, C., Phillips, C., Carracedo, A. and Lareu, M. V., An overview of STRUCTURE: applications, parameter settings, and supporting software. Front. Genet., 2013, 98(4), 1–13; https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2013.00098. Khan, M. M. H., Rafii, M. Y., Ramlee, S. I., Jusoh, M., Mamun, M. A. and Halidu, J., DNA fingerprinting, fixation-index (Fst), and admixture mapping of selected Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) accessions using ISSR markers system. Sci. Rep., 2021, 14527(11), 1–23; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021- 93867-5.
Literature cited 2: Kumar, A., Shrivastava, P., Sharma, S., Dobhal, S., Rana, A. and Kumar, R., Development of high yielding varieties of Melia dubia Cav. Indian Forest., 2017, 143(11), 1203–1206. Daryal, U., Dobhal, S., Kumar, A. and Panwar, N. S., Genetic diversity of Melia dubia as revealed by molecular markers. Res. Square, 2023, preprints; https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2430522/v1

ID: 66241
Title: Optimisation-based weighted ensemble algorithm for predicting prices of spices
Author: Ankit Kumar Singh , Md Yeasin , Ranjit Kumar Paul, H. S. Roy, Prakash Kumar , A. K. Paul and Anita Sarkar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 755-757 25 April (2025)
Subject: Optimisation-based weighted ensemble algorithm for predicting prices of spices
Keywords: Accuracy, ensemble, forecasting, machine learning, spices
Abstract: India plays a significant role in global agriculture production, including spices. Spices play an important role in cultural significance and economic trade relations while providing nutritional and medicinal benefits. The volatility and complexity of the price of spices require improved forecasting methods to support informed decision-making in agricultural markets. Recently, researchers have focused on using the traditional time series model as well as machine learning (ML) model to forecast the price of agricultural commodities. Using a standalone model struggles to capture the complex pattern in time series data. To overcome this challenge, ensemble machine learning approaches based on fixed weight (FW-ensemble) have been proposed. The ML models like artificial neural networks (ANN), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbours (kNN), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector regression (SVR) and the stochastic model, e.g. autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model have been used. The outputs of these models are ensembled using optimised fixed weights. In this study, the prices of two important spices, namely turmeric and coriander, from 2010 to 2024, collected from AGMARKNET (https:// agmarknet.gov.in/) were considered. The MCS algorithm was used to select the better-performing model. The empirical performance of the ensemble method was compared with that of the stochastic model (ARIMA), ML techniques (ANN, RF, kNN, XGBoost, SVR) and deep learning techniques, e.g. long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), based on several accuracy measures. It revealed that the FW-ensemble approach significantly outperformed the other candidate models in terms of prediction accuracy.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Zhang, Y. and Na, S., A novel agricultural commodity price forecasting model based on fuzzy information granulation and MEA‐ SVM model. Math. Prob. Eng., 2018, 1, 2540681. Mitra, D. and Paul, R. K., Hybrid time-series models for forecasting agricultural commodity prices. Model Assist. Stat. Appl., 2017, 12(3), 255–264
Literature cited 2: Paul, R. K. and Garai, S., Performance comparison of waveletsbased machine learning technique for forecasting agricultural commodity prices. Soft Comput., 2021, 25(20), 12857–12873. Sankaran, S., Demand forecasting of fresh vegetable product by seasonal ARIMA model. Int. J. Oper. Res., 2014, 20(3), 315–330.

ID: 66240
Title: Life in transit: habitat use, behavioural profile and feeding ecology by Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) in a fragmented evergreen habitat of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India
Author: Sarmistha Ojha , Aritri Chatterjee , Santanu Mahato, K. S. Chetan Nag, Honnavalli N. Kumara and Mewa Singh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 766-775 25 April (2025)
Subject: Life in transit: habitat use, behavioural profile and feeding ecology by Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) in a fragmented evergreen habitat of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India
Keywords: Daily path length, habitat usage, resource availability, socioecology, time activity patterns
Abstract: Primates in fragmented habitats show behavioural flexibility and adaptive changes in response to ecological challenges in the search for food resources within their home range. Nilgiri langurs (NL, Semnopithecus johnii), endemic to the Western Ghats, face anthropogenic pressures, including habitat modifications. To understand its behavioural profile, feeding ecology and habitat use in such habitat conditions, we observed NL in a forest fragment in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, India. Their daily path length, though shorter in the dry season, did not significantly vary seasonally. The home range in the dry season, though smaller than in the wet season, was more intensively used in the dry season, indicating the patchy distribution of food sources. They fed on resources from 23 plant species, largely from Elaeocarpus munronii, Ficus sp. and Cullenia exarillata, with leaves being their primary diet. Most of the time the langurs spent on resting which is a typical trait of folivorous colobines to digest the leaves with the cellulose wall. In response to disturbances such as firewood extraction and increased tourism, they shifted habitat use from the understorey and middle canopy to intensive use of the upper canopy (>15 m). These findings suggest management interference in these forest fragments and highlight the need for a proper conservation plan.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B. and Konstant, W. R., Primates of the world: an introduction. In Walker’s Primates of the World (ed. Nowak, R. M.), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA, 1999, pp. 1–52. Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B., Konstant, W. R., Eudey, A., Butynski, T., Ganzhorn, J. U. and Rodríguez-Luna, E., Primate specialist group species. Species, 2000, 34, 82–88
Literature cited 2: Marsh, L. K. and Chapman, C. A., Primates in Fragments, Springer New York, NY, 2013, pp. xxii + 539. Strier, K. B., Demography and the temporal scale of sexual selection. In Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Primates: New Perspectives and Directions (ed. Jones, C. B.), American Society of Primatologist, Norman, USA, 2003, pp. 45–63

ID: 66239
Title: Rehabilitation of Melia azedarach L. in forest fire
Author: Sourav Ranjan Mohapatra
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 763-765 25 April (2025)
Subject: Rehabilitation of Melia azedarach L. in forest fire
Keywords: None
Abstract: Forest fire being a persisting problem throughout the world has elicited various threats and has proved itself as a dynamic factor in shaping vegetation and landscaping world forests over the years . Globally, it is estimated that 67 million hectares of forest area is burnt annually in between 2003 and 2012 (ref. 2). Wildfires have seriously damaged almost 98 million hectares area in 2015 (ref. 3). Annually, 19.8 million hectares of forest has been demolished by fires in 118 countries marking up to 65% of the world’s forest cover. Major countries facing losses through such environmental hazard includes Chad, Australia, the United States of America, India and Canada . India constitutes one of the mega biodiversity zones of world with 80,276 sq. km of forest area which is 24.56% of the total geographical area of the country.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Schmerbeck, J. and Hiremath, A., In Workshop Proceeding: Forest Fires in India, Madurai, 2007, pp. 41–45. Van Lierop, P., Lindquist, E., Sathyapala, S. and Franceschini, G., Forest Ecol. Manage., 2015, 352, 78–88.
Literature cited 2: FAO, Global Forest Resources Assessment Update 2020, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy, 2020. FAO, Global Forest Resources Assessment Update 2010, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy, 2010.

ID: 66238
Title: Distribution of rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus) recorded from camera trap from Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India
Author: Stuti Anjaria Aritra Roy Omkar Nar Gayatri Bakhale Gaurav Shinde R. K. Khairwa Vinod Rai Ayan Sadhu, Qamar Qureshi Y. V. Jhala
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 762-763 25 April (2025)
Subject: Distribution of rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus) recorded from camera trap from Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India
Keywords: None
Abstract: The rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus is the world’s smallest wildcat weighing between 1 and 1.6 kg, and prefers a semi-arboreal habitat1 . This cat has distinct rusty spots (frequently lanceolate) on its russet-grey coat, and prominent stripes on the forehead. The tail is long and spotless, almost half of its body size2 . Rusty spotted cat is listed as ‘near threatened (NT)’ in the IUCN Red List, and listed under the Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972 (ref. 3). Although widely distributed in the Indian Peninsula, this cat is facing increasing threats pertaining to habitat loss and conversion of wildlife habitat into human land uses, road kills and disease . The species uses forested landscape as well as found in the human dominated landscapes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pathak, B. J., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 1990, 87(3), 445. Silva, A. P., Björklund, M., Fernandes, C. and Mukherjee, S., In International Biogeography Society – 7th Biennial Meeting (eds Daniel, G. et al.), Bayreuth, Germany, 2015, vol. 6, p. 167
Literature cited 2: Mukherjee, S., Duckworth, J. W., Silva, A., Appel, A. and Kittle, A., Prionailurus rubiginosus, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016, e.T18149A50- 662471; https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN. UK.2016-1.RLTS.T18149A50662471.en (accessed on 4 February 2023). Nowell, K. and Jackson, P., Wild cats: status survey and conservation action plan, IUCN/Species Survival Commission Cat Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland, 1996.

ID: 66237
Title: Divergence dating and species authentication of the Indian rainbow trout stocks
Author: Walter Devaa Nithaniyal Stalin Vimal Panneerselvam, Ramesh Uthandakalaipandian
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 757-757 25 April (2025)
Subject: Divergence dating and species authentication of the Indian rainbow trout stocks
Keywords: None
Abstract: The endemic range of the rainbow trout has been extended other American regions and other continents (Africa, Asia, Australasia and Europe) from the Pacific Ocean and coastal regions of North America1 . In India, rainbow trout were introduced in the late nineteenth century and are highly preferred by anglers for recreational and sport fishery and as an important aquaculture species . They are reared in the Indian uplands and significantly contribute to the revenue and economy of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. In Southern India, trout fisheries were first introduced in 1863 in Ooty in the Western Ghats. Today rainbow trout is found in a few hilly regions such as Ooty, Kodaikanal and Munnar of the Western Ghats of Southern India . Although Oncorhynchus. mykiss have been successfully introduced and established in Southern India, presently they are in an endangered state and suitable conservative measures are underway .
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: MacCrimmon, H. R., J. Fish. Board Can., 1971, 28(5), 663–704; https://doi.org/10. 1139/f71-098. Crawford, S. S. and Muir, A. M., Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 2008, 18, 313–344; https://doi. org/10.1007/s11160-007-9079-1.
Literature cited 2: Sehgal, K. L., In Fish and Fisheries at Higher Altitudes: Asia, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 385 (ed. Petr, T.), FAO, Rome, 1999, p. 304. Devaa, J. W., Sharma, A. and Uthandakalaipandian, R., Asian Fish. Sci., 2021, 34(4), 344–354; https://doi.org/10.33997/j. afs.2021.34.4.007.

ID: 66236
Title: Groundwater rights – from individual exploitation to community management
Author: Philippe Cullet
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 755-757 25 April (2025)
Subject: Groundwater rights – from individual exploitation to community management
Keywords: None
Abstract: Groundwater is the most critical source of water, but its regulation remains centred on the use rights of individual landowners. Furthermore, the limited measures taken to rapidly address the falling water tables and increasing groundwater pollution remain structured around the ways to control use rather than around protection measures at the aquifer level. The impending groundwater catastrophe has been identified for decades. Various regulatory measures have been suggested since the 1970s to address the problems identified, and some laws and directives have been adopted over the past three decades. Yet, none of the measures implemented have sought to address the principle at the roots of the current crisis, which gives landowners near absolute control over groundwater.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:

ID: 66235
Title: Numerical study on submarine nose shape for drag reduction
Author: J. Suneela, Chandana Saran Venkata Amarnath Swamy , P. Sivabalan and Ashok Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (7) 737-742 25 March (2025)
Subject: Numerical study on submarine nose shape for drag reduction
Keywords: CFD, drag, nose shape, RANS, submarine
Abstract: The configuration of submarine, is often divided into a central body that is cylindrical and terminates with a nose at the bow and a tail at the aft. A defence submarine must be able to perform its duties in a wider variety of water depths. In order to conduct reconnaissance, a submarine frequently needs to manoeuvre and snorkel at shallow depths while remaining hidden when diving to a greater depth. Submarines are utilised in combat, research and underwater rescue operations. To validate the ideal geometric configuration of the submarine drag must be studied. The present article describes the numerical analysis of several nose forms to find the best submarine hull for diving. The hull envelope equation was initially used to generate a reference hull, referred to as the base model. To standardise the computational parameters, the findings of the reference model were first compared with a model from the literature that had dimensions similar to those of the reference model. STARCCM+, a commercial CFD tool, was then used to compare the reference hull to various geometric configurations of the nose profiles. Since it affected the flow entrance, the bluntness parameter was defined to allow changes in the nose shape. The configuration is further analysed by incorporating changes to the submarine’s nose section, using additional parametric equations were used to optimise the submarine design. For the sake of numerical examination, the parameters such as speed, L/D ratio and operating region were held constant. It was found that there was about a 0.8% reduction in drag with a change in the nose shape of the considered vessel.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: . Moonesun, M., Korol, Y. M., Nikrasov, V. A., Ursalov, A. and Brajhko, A., CFD analysis of the bow shapes of submarines. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 2016, 3(1), 1–16. Renilson, M., Submarine Hydrodynamics, Springer Briefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 2015, vol. 31, pp. 119–159; doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-16184-6.
Literature cited 2: Jagadeesh, P., Murali, K. and Idichandy, V. G., Experimental investigation of hydrodynamic force coefficients over AUV hull form. Ocean Eng., 2009, 36, 113–118. Suman, K. N. S., Rao, D. N., Das, H. N. and Bhanu Kiran, G., Hydrodynamic performance evaluation of an ellipsoidal nose for a high speed under water vehicle. Jordan J. Mech. Ind. Eng., 2010, 4(5), 641–652.

ID: 66234
Title: Establishment of a free electron laser-based user facility for IR-THz spectroscopy at RRCAT
Author: M. K. Chattopadhyay, Bhaskar Biswas , Shilpam Sharma , Ashish Khandelwal , Sona Chandran, L. S. Sharath Chandra , Tushar Dave , R. S. Saini , Shankar Lal, Arvind Kumar , Umesh Kale , Saket Kumar Gupta , Ravi Kumar Pandit ,
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (7) 710-717 25 March (2025)
Subject: Establishment of a free electron laser-based user facility for IR-THz spectroscopy at RRCAT
Keywords: Free electron laser, IR-FEL, micropulse, tunability, user facility.
Abstract: A unique user facility has been established at the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore for the Infrared-Terahertz (IR-THz) spectroscopy of materials under low temperature and high magnetic field sample environment. In this facility, studies can be performed using the intense, coherent, monochromatic and continuously tunable electromagnetic radiation from an infrared free electron laser (IR-FEL), or with broad-band radiation from low power laboratory sources. The IR-FEL delivers an IR beam with a brightness of ~1013–1014 photons/s/mm2 / mrad2 /0.1% BW in the wavelength range of 12–54 µm at a custom–built user station, where trial experiments using this light have been started. A custom built Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, working in conjugation with a magneto-optical cryostat system has been commissioned at the user station where the IRFEL light can be coupled. This is the only working FEL in the country along with its user facility. The present study highlights the latest results from the commissioning of the IR-FEL based user facility, the first-trial experiments performed therein, and the future developmental ideas.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bhawalkar, D. D. et al., Synchrotron radiation sources INDUS-1 and INDUS-2. Pramana – J. Phys., 1998, 50, 467. Vitiello, M. S. et al., Quantum cascade lasers: 20 years of challenges. Opt. Express, 2015, 23, 5167.
Literature cited 2: Lewis, R. A., A review of terahertz sources. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2014, 47, 374001. Pant, K. K. et al., First lasing in an infrared free electron laser at RRCAT, Indore. Curr. Sci., 2018, 114, 367.

ID: 66233
Title: Current challenges and solutions for sustainability of Farmers Producer Organisations through grassroots organisational ecosystem
Author: Anirban Mukherjee , Shubhadeep Roy , Kausik Pradhan , V. K. Yadav, Kumari Shubha, Dhiraj Kumar Singh , Shreya Anand , Sukanya Barua , Shantanu Rakshit , Rohan Kumar Raman , Ujjwal Kumar , Banda Sainath , Ajeet Kumar Pal and Anup Das
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (7) 699-709 25 March (2025)
Subject: Current challenges and solutions for sustainability of Farmers Producer Organisations through grassroots organisational ecosystem
Keywords: Farmers producer organisation, FPO ecosystem model, one district one product, sustainable
Abstract: India’s agricultural landscape is largely dominated by marginal and small farmers, who constitute approximately 67% and 18% of the total farming community respectively. This translates to a staggering 92 million marginal farmers with less than 0.40 hectares of land and 24 million small farmers with an average landholding of 1.42 hectares. Despite their higher productivity compared to large farmers, these smallholders face significant resource constraints and market challenges. While the formation of Farmers Producer Organisations (FPOs) has partially addressed these issues, newly established FPOs continue to encounter significant sustainability challenges. These include limited volumes, low capital, low member engagement and a subsidy-oriented rather than market-oriented approach. The present article identifies critical challenges such as limited capital, low member engagement and a predominant subsidy orientation. Currently, over 8875 FPOs are registered nationwide, but only 16–30% are sustainable. A significant issue is the inability of the majority of FPOs to raise more sizable amount of paid-up capital, highlighting the urgent need for a robust grassroots organisational ecosystem. This study proposes an eight component ecosystem model for FPO sustainability, encompassing market, policy, infrastructure, services, inputs, HRD, finance and innovation. This model aims to create a comprehensive support structure for FPOs, facilitating better market access, financial resources, member participation and innovative practices. The implementation of this model, along with suggestive measures for strengthening FPOs, is crucial for their long term viability in India’s evolving agricultural sector.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Department of Agriculture and Cooperation. All India Report on Number and Area of Operational Holdings. Agriculture Census 2010–11, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 2014; http://agcensus.nic.in/document/ac1011/reports/air2010-11complete. pdf (accessed on 30 April 2024). Lipton, M., Can small farmers survive, prosper, or be the key channel to cut mass po
Literature cited 2: Thapa, G. and Gaiha, R., Smallholder farming in Asia and the Pacific: challenges and opportunities. Paper presented at the Conference on New Directions for Smallholder Agriculture, International Fund for Agricultural Development, Rome, 24–25 January 2011. Mukherjee, A., Prioritization of problems in integrated agriculture: a case of Rampur village in sub humid region of Eastern India. Indian Res. J. Extn. Edu., 2016, 15(1), 53–5

ID: 66232
Title: AI-based channel infused coral identification and tracking algorithm for autonomous underwater vehicles
Author: Bala Naga Jyothi Vandavasi, Jaswanth Nidamanuri , P. S. S. Pavan Ganesh , Ramesh Raju , Vedachalam Narayanaswamy , K. Varun Teja and Ramesh Sethuraman
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (7) 683-690 25 March (2025)
Subject: AI-based channel infused coral identification and tracking algorithm for autonomous underwater vehicles
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, autonomous underwater vehicle, coral, detection, tracking
Abstract: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with in-situ artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled image processing capability could help understand the influence of climate change on reef ecology, and evolve well informed policy decisions for sustaining coral reefs. The recent focus is on developing technologies to collect images of coral reefs autonomously over larger areas using AUVs with AI-aided image processing capabilities. This article presents the development of a computer vision and deep-learning-based coral identification and tracking algorithm trained on six distinct families of coral images acquired from the Andaman Islands using a remotely operated vehicle PROVe500 developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai. The YOLOv8-trained coral detection and classification model, along with the ByteTrack, have been used to identify and track the corals with mean average precision and recall rates of 97.4% and 96.8% respectively. The developed AI algorithm gives confidence in deploying AUVs to identify and track corals of interest or anomalies in real-time over a large spatial domain
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dove, S. G., Brown, K. T., Van Den Heuvel, A., Chai, A. and Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Ocean warming and acidification uncouple calcification from calcifier biomass which accelerates coral reef decline. Commun. Earth Environ., 2020, 1(1), 55; https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s43247-020-00054-x. Novi, L. and Bracco, A., Machine learning prediction of connectivity, biodiversity and resilience in the Coral Triangle. Commun. Biol., 2022, 5(1), 1359; https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-04330-8.
Literature cited 2: Schürholz, D. and Chennu, A., Digitizing the coral reef: machine learning of underwater spectral images enables dense taxonomic mapping of benthic habitats. Method Ecol. Evol., 2023, 14(2), 596– 613; https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14029. Franceschini, S., Meier, A. C., Suan, A., Stokes, K., Roy, S. and Madin, E. M., A deep learning model for measuring coral reef halos globally from multispectral satellite imagery. Remote Sensing Environ., 2023, 292, 113584; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023. 113584.