Enter records

ID: 66585
Title: Aquaculture growth and its role in India’s aquatic food supply: a trend analysis and projection to 2033
Author: Bhupeshri V. Shetye, Ravindra A. Pawar, Kajal B. Rathod and Vivek H. Nirmale
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (12) 25 Dec . 2025 1074-1080 (2025)
Subject: Aquaculture growth and its role in India’s aquatic food supply: a trend analysis and projection to 2033
Keywords: Aquaculture growth, aquatic food, capture fisheries, food security, nutritional security.
Abstract: India’s aquatic food systems require a comprehensive assessment to ensure nutritional security amid demographic expansion. We examined aquatic food balance sheet elements (total production, imports, exports, domestic availability, non–food uses, and per capita supply) during 2010–2022 and species–specific production dynamics (2004–2023), projecting trajectories to 2033. Total fisheries production is projected to increase 46.0%, with per capita food supply requiring 42.7% growth to meet demand under 0.69% annual population growth. Capture fisheries demonstrated a precipitous decline (86.8% reduction), precluding wild resources from long–term food security. Aquaculture emerged as the primary driver, exhibiting 39.1% expansion with Indian major carps projected to reach 11,082 thousand tonnes by 2033. Going forward, our scenario–based analysis identified ‘business–as–usual’ pattern as optimal. Critical vulnerabilities exist in relation to climate stress and disease outbreaks, with emphasis on biosecurity and climate resilient strain development. Our assessment provides empirical foundations for strategic sectoral prioritization in the national aquatic food security planning.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: United Nations, World population prospects 2019: highlights, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, New York, 2019. Kawarazuka, N. and Béné, C., The potential role of small fish species in improving micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries: building evidence. Public He
Literature cited 2: Bogard, J. R., Thilsted, S. H., Marks, G. C., Wahab, M. A., Hossain, M. A. R., Jakobsen, J. and Stangoulis, J., Nutrient composition of important fish species in Bangladesh and potential contribution to recommended nutrient intakes. J. Food Compos. Anal., 2015, 42, 120–133. Ahmed, N., Ward, J. D. and Saint, C. P., Can integrated aquaculture–agriculture (IAA) produce "more crop per drop"? Food Security, 2014, 6(4), 767–779.

ID: 66584
Title: Population structure and regeneration status of Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. (Indian rosewood) in forest areas of Karnataka, India: implications for conservation and sustainable management
Author: S. M. Balakrishna , T. N. Manohara and H. S. Suresh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (12) 25 Dec . 2025 1063-1073 (2025)
Subject: Population structure and regeneration status of Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. (Indian rosewood) in forest areas of Karnataka, India: implications for conservation and sustainable management
Keywords: Carbon sequestration, conservation management, Dalbergia latifolia, invasive species, population structure, regeneration dynamics, Western Ghats
Abstract: Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. (Indian rosewood) is a valuable tropical hardwood native to South and Southeast Asia, increasingly threatened by habitat loss, overexploitation, and regeneration challenges. The present study provides a comprehensive field based assessment of population structure, regeneration dynamics, and ecological factors across thirteen forest divisions in Karnataka, India, including Reserve Forests (RFs) and Wildlife Sanctuaries/Tiger Reserves (WLS/TRs). A total of 190 transects were surveyed, recording 1,705 individuals classified as seedlings, saplings (poles), or mature trees. The average tree density was 6.66±6.51 individuals per 0.1 hectare (range: 0–34). Regeneration was mainly seed originated, accounting for 92.5% of individuals, with minimal contribution from root suckers. Seedling (520 individuals/ha) and sapling (330 individuals/ha) densities were significantly higher in RFs compared to WLS/TRs, where regeneration was considerably limited despite the presence of mature trees. Size-class distributions in RFs showed a reverse J-shaped pattern, indicating active recruitment, whereas WLS/TRs displayed recruitment bottlenecks dominated by mature cohorts. Invasive species such as Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata have been identified as significant barriers to regeneration, intensifying competition and increasing fire risk. Biomass and carbon stock assessments revealed significant spatial variation, with the Madikeri and Bhadra divisions contributing notably to carbon sequestration. These findings emphasise the urgent need for adaptable, sitespecific management approaches, including invasive species control, fire mitigation, enrichment planting, and regeneration support, guided by ongoing ecological monitoring. The integrated methodological framework presented here offers a scalable model for assessing other endangered hardwood species, delivering essential insights to promote conservation, sustainable forest management, and global climate resilience.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Arunkumar, A. N., Warrier, R. R., Kher, M. M. and Teixeira da Silva, J. A., Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.): biology, utilisation, and conservation practices. Trees, 2022, 36(3), 883–898; DOI: 10.1007/s00468-021-02243-3. Kadambi, K., The silviculture of Dalbergia latifolia. Monograph of Indian Trees No. 1, Government of India, Manager of Publications, Delhi, 1954.
Literature cited 2: Sasidharan, K. R., Prakash, S., Muraleekrishnan, K. and Kunhikannan, C., Population structure and regeneration of Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. and D. sissoides Wight & Arn. in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India. Int. J. Adv. Res. Rev., 2020, 5(9), 51–66. Chopra, N. et al., Estimation of biomass and carbon sequestration potential of Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. and Melia composita Willd. plantations in the Tarai Region (India). Forests, 2023, 14(3), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030646.

ID: 66583
Title: Genetic architecture, inter relations in selection programme for yield enhancement in paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
Author: B. Manjunatha and B. Niranjana Kumara
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (12) 25 Dec . 2025 1058-1062 (2025)
Subject: Genetic architecture, inter relations in selection programme for yield enhancement in paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
Keywords: Diversity, genetic coefficient of variability, paddy, phenotypic coefficient of variability, yield enhancement.
Abstract: The present study was carried out at the Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Kathalagere, India. Sixty-seven sophisticated paddy breeding lines were used in the experiment. Three replications of the experiment were carried out, each with a plot size of 4 m × 3 m. Grain yield per plot (kg), grain yield per hectare (kg), plant height (cm), panicles per square meter, days to 50% flowering, and days to maturity were all noted. Genetic variability and diversity parameters – two important aspects of plant breeding – were analysed. When selecting the genotypes, varieties, and breeding lines, higher genetic and phenotypic coefficients of variability (GCV and PCV) should be taken into account to progress and prosper in the yield and yield contribution towards varietal performance. These include days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), panicles per square meter, and grain yield per plot (kg). Genetic diversity studies demonstrated that the factors that contributed most to the genotypes’ divergence were the following: plant height, grain production per plot, panicles per square meter, days to 50% flowering, and days to maturity. Several crossing studies have shown that transgressive segregants with high genetic yield potential and early maturity can improve the quality of some clusters, which are made up of superior genotypes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Sarla, N. and Swamy, B. P. M., Oryza glaberrima: a source for the improvement of Oryza sativa. Curr. Sci., 2005, 89(6), 955–963. Khush, G. S. and Virk, P. S., Rice breeding achievements and future strategies. Crop Improv., 2000, 27(2), 115–144
Literature cited 2: Smith, B. D., The Emergence of Agriculture, Scientific American Library, New York, USA, 1995, p. 256. Hossain, M., Siwar, I. C., Mokhtar, M. B., Dey, M. M., Jaafar, A. H. and Alam, M. M., Standard Evaluation System Manual, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines, 1996

ID: 66582
Title: The role of satellite laser ranging in space geodesy: developments, applications and Indian perspective
Author: Pramod Gandugade, Sushant Shekhar , Somalin Nath, B. Nagarajan and Onkar Dikshit
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (12) 25 Dec . 2025 1048-1057 (2025)
Subject: The role of satellite laser ranging in space geodesy: developments, applications and Indian perspective
Keywords: None
Abstract: Satellite laser ranging (SLR) has been a key geodetic technique for over 60 years, contributing to reference frame realisation, Earth orientation monitoring, orbit determination, and gravity field modelling. The International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) operates a global network of 50 tracking stations, ensuring millimetre-precision measurements for the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). However, challenges such as uneven station distribution, atmospheric effects, and retroreflector degradation impact data accuracy. The United Nations (UN) adopted the Global Geodetic Reference Frame (GGRF) resolution in 2015, aiming for 1 mm accuracy and 0.1 mm/year stability; however, the current precision stands at 5 mm and 0.5 mm/year. Advancements such as MiniSLR technology, automation, and high-power kHz lasers enhance precision. India is expanding its SLR capabilities with ISRO-tracked stations at Mount Abu and Ponmudi, alongside colocated geodetic sites at IIT Kanpur’s Geodesy Village. The National Geospatial Policy 2022 (NGP 2022) supports the Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) network for horizontal datum definition, strengthening India’s self-reliance in space geodesy and terrestrial reference frame realisation. The objective of the present article is to consolidate global and Indian developments in SLR, highlighting its applications in geodesy and India’s geodetic future.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Altamimi, Z., Coulot, D. and Collilieux, X., Status of ITRF development and SLR contribution. In Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Laser Ranging, 2009, pp. 35–42. Pearlman, M., The International Laser Ranging Service and its support for IGGOS. J. Geodyn., 2005, 40, 470–478.
Literature cited 2: Altamimi, Z., Sillard, P. and Boucher, C., ITRF2000: a new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame for earth science applications. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 2002, 107, B10. Appleby, G., Rodríguez, J. and Altamimi, Z., Assessment of the accuracy of global geodetic satellite laser ranging observations and estimated impact on ITRF scale: estimation of systematic errors in LAGEOS observations 1993–2014. J. Geod., 2016, 90, 1371–1388.

ID: 66581
Title: Traditional cooking fuels and poor ventilation: a contributor to type 2 diabetes in rural India?
Author: Natarajan Lakshmi, Ranjit Mohan Anjana ,Viswanathan Mohan, Rajendra Pradeepa
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (12) 25 Dec . 2025 1043-1044 (2025)
Subject: Traditional cooking fuels and poor ventilation: a contributor to type 2 diabetes in rural India?
Keywords: None
Abstract: Across India, the kitchen has long been the heart of the home. However, for millions of rural families, it is also an environmental health hazard, associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Evidence from the recently published Telemedicine pRoject for screENing Diabetes and its complications in rural Tamil Nadu (TREND) study (Lakshmi et al., Int. J. Diabetes Dev. Ctries., 2023, 43(6), 883–891; https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2025.2593380), which included 13,877 individuals from 30 villages in rural Tamil Nadu, provides compelling results linking household cooking environments and long-term use of traditional fuels to the growing epidemic of T2D in rural South India (Lakshmi et al., Int. J. Environ. Health Res., 2025, 1–10). There is strong evidence for the mounting prevalence of T2D in both urban and rural India (Anjana et al., Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 2023, 11(7), 474–489). Traditionally known risk factors for T2D include unhealthy diet (Bhavadharini et al., Diabetes Care, 2020, 43(11), 2643–2650), obesity, and physical inactivity (Anjana et al., Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., 2014, 11(1), 26; Mohan et al., Diabet. Med., 2005, 22(9), 1206–1211) contribute to the incidence of new onset diabetes (Mohan et al., J. Assoc. Physicians India, 2008, 56, 152–157), even among the young (Mohan et al., Diabetes Care, 1985, 8(4), 371–374), and are considered characteristic features of T2D in both urban and rural India (Pradeepa et al., 2021, 69(11), 2932–2938). Current evidence from the TREND study highlights the use of traditional cooking fuel as an emerging risk factor for T2D (Lakshmi et al., Int. J. Environ. Health Res., 2025, 1–10).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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Literature cited 2:

ID: 66580
Title: A rare bloom and a buzz of life: bee communities visiting Strobilanthes callosus flowering in the northern Western Ghats, India
Author: Amar Kharmate , Sarika Torawane, Samadhan Phuge and Varsha Wankhade
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (10) 25 Nov. 2025 924-926 (2025)
Subject: A rare bloom and a buzz of life: bee communities visiting Strobilanthes callosus flowering in the northern Western Ghats, India
Keywords: Bee community, northern Western Ghats, Strobilanthes callosus.
Abstract: Bee visits to seasonal flowering plants are vital not only in facilitating pollination but also in providing essential nutritional resources for their survival. Strobilanthes callosus is a plietesial shrub endemic to northern and central Western Ghats, India, blooms once in seven years. We studied the bee pollinator community visiting S. callosus flowers during the peak blooming period (September–October) in 2024. We observed four types of honey bees – (Apis dorsata, Apis cerana, Apis florea, and Stingless bee) during S. callosus flowering, and A. dorsata was predominantly present at high altitude locations surrounded by tall cliffs. All four bees were observed at a high altitude location Kadave Ghat where S. callosus bloomed in the field of high altitude grassland. These observations suggest that the honey bee community at high altitude during peak flowering of S. callosus differs possibly due to habitat characters.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: . Roulston, T. H. and Goodell, K., The role of resources and risks in regulating wild bee populations. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 2011, 56, 293–312. Ogilvie, J. E. and Forrest, J. R., Interactions between bee foraging and floral resource phenology shape bee populations and communities. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci., 2017, 21, 75–82.
Literature cited 2: Chole, H., Woodard, S. H. and Bloch, G., Body size variation in bees: regulation, mechanisms, and relationship to social organization. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci., 2019, 35, 77–87. Yang, M. X., Tan, K., Radloff, S. E. and Hepburn, H. R., Interspecific Interactions Among Asian Honeybees. In Honeybees of Asia (eds. Hepburn, H. R. and Radloff, S. E.), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, 2011, pp. 445–47

ID: 66579
Title: Evidence of shift in stubble burning timing over northwest India from geostationary satellite observations
Author: Nimisha Singh , Rohit Pradhan, Bipasha Paul Shukla and Mehul R. Pandya
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (10) 25 Nov. 2025 921-923 (2025)
Subject: Evidence of shift in stubble burning timing over northwest India from geostationary satellite observations
Keywords: Active fire, geostationary satellite, SEVIRI, stubble burning, VIIRS
Abstract: Northwest India, particularly the states of Punjab and Haryana, has experienced recurring stubble burning during the post-monsoon months of October and November, significantly affecting regional air quality. In the present study, we use high-temporal-resolution observations from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite to investigate recent changes in the timing of stubble burning. Our analysis shows a gradual shift in peak fire activity from ∼13:30 IST in 2020 to ∼17:00 IST in 2024, to avoid detection by polar-orbiting satellites. These findings demonstrate the importance of geostationary satellites for monitoring diurnal fire dynamics and highlight the implications of altered burning practices for emission inventories, air quality assessments, and mitigation strategies in the region.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Singh, J., Paddy and wheat stubble blazing in Haryana and Punjab states of India: a menace for environmental health. Environ. Qual. Manag., 2018, 28, 47–53. Abdurrahman, M. I., Chaki, S., and Saini, G., Stubble burning: effects on health & environment, regulations and management practices. Environ. Adv., 2020, 2, 100011
Literature cited 2: Bikkina, S. et al., Air quality in megacity Delhi affected by countryside biomass burning. Nat. Sustain., 2019, 2, 200–205. Mor, S., Singh, T., Bishnoi, N. R., Bhukal, S. and Ravindra, K., Understanding seasonal variation in ambient air quality and its relationship with crop residue burning activities in an agrarian state of India. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2022, 29,

ID: 66578
Title: Unraveling the mycosphere microbiome: bacterial diversity in Pleurotus cystidiosus substrates
Author: Lakshitha Kumara , J. M. A. I. K. Jayamanna , T. C. Bamunuarachchige , Ajith I. Rathnayake and Gayan Abeysinghe
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (10) 25 Nov. 2025 909-920 (2025)
Subject: Unraveling the mycosphere microbiome: bacterial diversity in Pleurotus cystidiosus substrates
Keywords: Bacillus tequilensis, bacterial–fungal interactions, mycosphere microbiomes, Pleurotus cystidios
Abstract: Mushrooms are in high demand in Sri Lanka; however, their market availability remains limited due to specific environmental conditions, particularly within the mushroom substrate. Mushroom substrates host a complex microbiome, with over 90% of the microbial biomass consisting of bacterial and fungal species. Understanding the beneficial and antagonistic dynamics within these microbial communities presents innovative opportunities to enhance bacterial–fungal interactions (BFIs) to promote mushroom growth. The present study used culture-dependent methods to isolate, identify, and characterise bacterial species from Pleurotus cystidiosus’ mycosphere, assessing their potential to enhance host growth. A range of selective and general media, including King’s B, tryptic soy agar, and Reasoner’s two agar, was used to isolate bacteria. Additionally, the physicochemical parameters of the substrates were analysed to assess quality and composition. Morphological characterisation yielded a total of eleven bacterial isolates across the media, and five bacterial species were identified through morphological characteristics observed under stereo and upright microscopy, Gram staining, and colony imaging. Molecular identification via amplification of 16S rRNA revealed the presence of Bacillus tequilensis, and Niallia nealsonii as well as facultative anaerobes Franconibacter helveticus and Staphylococcus pasteuri. This study provides evidence of growth-promoting bacterial communities within the native mycosphere of P. cystidiosus and their potential role in enhancing mushroom cultivation by increasing biomass without disrupting the native microbiome. Future research will focus on analysing the functional roles of these bacteria and developing bioinoculants to optimise beneficial BFIs for sustainable mushroom farming.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Premarathne, B. M. et al., A review of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms in Sri Lanka: systematic exploration and industrial applications. MycoAsia, 2025, 1–50; https://doi.org/10.59265/mycoasia.2025-01. Gamage. S. and Ohga, S., A comparative study of technological impact on mushroom industry in Sri Lanka: a review. Adv. Microbiol., 2018, 8(8), 665–686
Literature cited 2: Karunarathna, S. C., Mortimer, P. E., Xu, J. and Hyde, K. D., Overview of research of mushrooms in Sri Lanka. Rev. Fitotec. Mex., 2017, 40(4), 399–403. Thilakaratna, W. S. and Pathirana, P. B. M., Prospects and challenges of mushroom production in Kuruwita, Sri Lanka: comparative report on two consecutive years. J. Dry Zone Agric., 2018, 4(1), 1–7; http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/1461.

ID: 66577
Title: Dynamical behaviour of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation for atomic Fermi gases near the BCS-BEC crossove
Author: Chunyan Xiong and Shuhong Chen
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (10) 25 Nov. 2025 900-908 (2025)
Subject: Dynamical behaviour of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation for atomic Fermi gases near the BCS-BEC crossove
Keywords: Ginzburg-Landau theory, global attractors, Gronwall’s inequality, Priori estimate, time dependen
Abstract: The present article studies the dynamic behaviour of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, which describes the phenomenon of BCS-BEC crossover. First, the appropriate prior estimates are established by Gronwall’s inequality and Gagliardo-Nirenberg interpolation inequality, etc. Then, we prove the existence of the global attractor in the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau system. Finally, the evolution of the field and the influence of physical parameters on the dynamic behaviour are demonstrated by numerical experiments, thereby validating the theory in this article.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: De Gennes, P.-G., Superconductivity of metals and alloys. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2018. Bardeen, J., Cooper, L. N. and Schrieffer, J. R., Theory of superconductivity. Phys. Rev., 1957, 10
Literature cited 2: Bose, S., Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese. Z. Phys., 1924, 26, 178–181. Holland, M., Kokkelmans, S., Chiofalo, M. L. and Walser, R., Resonance superfluidity in a quantum degenerate Fermi gas. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, 87, 120406.

ID: 66576
Title: A dual-platform approach to DNA methylation profiling in blood and tissue for non-invasive diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer
Author: Amandeep Singh , Bhasker Mukherjee , G. Rahul , Mukesh Singh , Jyothsana Vardhani Pabbineedi and Rattan Deep Singh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (10) 25 Nov. 2025 894-899 (2025)
Subject: A dual-platform approach to DNA methylation profiling in blood and tissue for non-invasive diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer
Keywords: Biomarkers, epigenetics, methylation, sequencing, urothelial.
Abstract: The present study evaluated DNA methylation as a non-invasive biomarker for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) by comparing blood and matched tumour tissues from 243 patients and 200 controls (110 matched tissues). Methylation of P16, CALCA, CCNA1, TMEM106A and AL021918.2 was profiled using whole genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS) and validated by methylation-specific PCR. In blood, the five-gene panel achieved 92.3% sensitivity and 88.1% specificity; in tissues, sensitivity was 100% with 92.7% specificity. High blood–tissue concordance supports blood-based methylation assays as viable, cost-effective alternatives to cystoscopy for early detection and monitoring of UBC.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A. and Bray, F., Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. CA Cancer J. Clin., 2021, 71, 209–249; doi: 10.1186/s13148-022-01240-8 Babjuk, M. et al., European Association of Urology guidelines on non muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Ta, T1, and carcinoma in situ). Eur. Urol., 2022, 81(1), 75–94; doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2021.08.010
Literature cited 2: Kamat, A. M. et al., Bladder cancer diagnosis and surveillance: contemporary challenges and future strategies. Nat. Rev. Urol., 2022, 19, 231–244. Kim, S. Y. and Kim, Y., DNA methylation biomarkers in urological cancers: a review. Cancer Sci., 2021, 112, 3915–3925.

ID: 66575
Title: Advanced hybrid deep learning methodology for Alzheimer’s disease detection
Author: Tulip Das, Chinmaya Kumar Nayak and Parthasarathi Pattnayak
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (10) 25 Nov. 2025 886-893 (2025)
Subject: Advanced hybrid deep learning methodology for Alzheimer’s disease detection
Keywords: Adam optimiser, Alzheimer’s detection, convolutional neural network, deep learning, long-short term memory
Abstract: The neurological condition known as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is typified by amyloid buildup, neuronal atrophy and mental, behavioural and cognitive changes. The complex prodromal period of moderate cognitive impairment (MCI) has been the focus of recent research on a variety of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques for AD identification. The present study shows a hybrid deep learning model combining convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) for early detection of AD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and neuropsychological test scores. Using a test set including 60% of all the data, m = 512 MRI scans and 112 PET images, the suggested DL methods are evaluated. The model is optimised using the Adam optimiser, achieving a classification accuracy of 98.5% in distinguishing early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) from cognitively normal. Results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in identifying early-stage AD through automated imaging biomarker extraction.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: . Alickovic, E., Subasi, A. and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative., Automatic detection of Alzheimer disease based on histogram and random forest. In International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering, Springer, Cham, 2019, Vol. No. 73, pp. 91–96. Adjei, P. O., Pattnayak, P., Mohanty, A., Das, T., Patnaik, S., Ansah, P. and Manneh, M., Deep learning for Alzheimer’s diagnosis: ResNet152V2 approach on MRI dataset. In 2024 1st International Conference on Cognitive, Green and Ubiquitous Computing (ICCGU), Bhubaneswar, India, 2024, pp. 1–6.
Literature cited 2: Cui, R., Liu, M. and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative., RNN-based longitudinal analysis for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Comput. Med. Imaging Graph., 2019, 73, 1–10. Fritsch, J., Wankerl, S. and Noth, E., Automatic Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Neural Network Language Models. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Brighton, UK, 2019, pp. 5841–5845

ID: 66574
Title: Satellite remote sensing-based analysis of agricultural stubble burning and its impacts on air quality in Haryana
Author: Anshul Yadav, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath and G. S. Gopikrishnan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (10) 25 Nov. 2025 876-885 (2025)
Subject: Satellite remote sensing-based analysis of agricultural stubble burning and its impacts on air quality in Haryana
Keywords: Agriculture, Haryana, HYSPLIT, stubble burning, trajectory
Abstract: The present study assesses the agricultural stubble burning activities in Haryana, India, using satellite derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI), fire counts and ultraviolet aerosol index (UVAI) data for the year 2024. Haryana, situated in the northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plain, is one of the states where the seasonal stubble burning following wheat and paddy harvests contributes significantly to regional air pollution. Using the monthly EVI, fire counts and UVAI analysis, we observe two separate periods of prominent stubble burning activities, during May and October–November. These months show very low EVI values close to 0, high fire counts (5746 and 2118 respectively) and UVAI values peaking above 1.0 in several regions in the state, directly related to the wheat (May) and paddy (November) harvesting seasons. In contrast, the monsoon season (July–September) is characterised by persistently low UVAI values, often below −0.75, indicating minimal aerosol loading due to reduced burning activity and effective wet deposition of particulates. Transitional months such as April (0.45) and October (0.80) show a gradual increase in UVAI, serving as precursors to the main burning phases. The December UVAI values show a steep post-burning decline from about 0.60 to −0.05 units, completing the seasonal cycle. Trajectory analysis indicates that during January and May, forward air parcel movements are directed toward the National Capital Region, potentially exacerbating the already severe air pollution in the area. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the seasonal cycle of stubble burning and its impact on the air quality of Haryana, and the potential of satellite measurements to be used for real-time monitoring of fire, smoke and pollution events for mitigating the pollution.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bhuvaneshwari, S., Hettiarachchi, H. and Meegoda, J. N., Crop residue burning in India: policy challenges and potential solutions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, 2019, 16, 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050832. Crippa, M. et al., High resolution temporal profiles in the emissions database for global atmospheric research. Sci. Data, 2020, 7, 121; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0462-2.
Literature cited 2: Behera, M. D. et al., COVID-19 slowdown induced improvement in air quality in India: rapid assessment using Sentinel5P TROPOMI data. Geocarto Int., 2022, 37, 8127–8147; https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2021.1993351. Gopikrishnan, G. S., Kuttippurath, J., Raj, S., Singh, A. and Abbhishek, K., Air quality during the COVID–19 lockdown and unlock periods in India analyzed using satellite and ground-based measurements. Environ. Process., 2022, 9, 28; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-022-00585-9.

ID: 66573
Title: Mainstreaming Ayurveda healthcare modalities for the management of insomnia in geriatric populations: a scoping review of current evidence and future directions
Author: Niranjan Ram, Lalita , Meena S. Deogade , Pradip Kumar Panda and Tanuja Manoj Nesari
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (10) 25 Nov. 2025 863-875 (2025)
Subject: Mainstreaming Ayurveda healthcare modalities for the management of insomnia in geriatric populations: a scoping review of current evidence and future directions
Keywords: Ayurveda, insomnia, older adults, scoping review, traditional medicine.
Abstract: Insomnia affects 30–48% of the elderly globally and is often managed with sedatives despite polypharmacy concerns. The present scoping review assesses Ayurvedic alternatives for geriatric insomnia. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, a systematic search conducted until August 2024 identified 672 studies, and 14 studies were included based on the established inclusion criteria. Due to the limited availability of geriatric-specific research, studies with mixed-age and adult populations were also considered. Ayurvedic approaches, such as Shirodhara, Nasya and herbal formulations (including Ashwagandha, Jatamansi, Mamsyadi Kwatha and Tagaradi yoga), have shown efficacy. While promising, there is a need for high-quality, geriatric-focused studies. Future research should prioritise clinical trials to integrate Ayurveda into mainstream geriatric care.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: . Riemann, D. et al., The European insomnia guideline: an update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023. J. Sleep Res., 2023, 32(6), e14035; doi: 10.1111/jsr.14035. Sateia, M. J., International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications. Chest, 2014, 146(5), 1387–1394; doi: 10.1378/chest.14-0970
Literature cited 2: APA, Sleep wake disorders. In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5, American Psychiatric Publishing, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, 2013, p .181; https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-14907-000. Bhaskar, S., Hemavathy, D. and Prasad, S., Prevalence of chronic insomnia in adult patients and its correlation with medical comorbidities. J. Family Med. Prim. Care, 2016, 5(4), 780–784; doi: 10.4103/2249- 4863.201153.

ID: 66572
Title: Upgradation of aviation meteorological services through installation of advanced weather observing systems in India and its impact on the accuracy of aviation forecast
Author: Anoop Kumar Mishra Gajendra Kumar Sourav Adhikary Neeti Singh Krishna Kumar Shukla Srabanti Ballav
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (10) 25 Nov. 2025 859-862 (2025)
Subject: Upgradation of aviation meteorological services through installation of advanced weather observing systems in India and its impact on the accuracy of aviation forecast
Keywords: None
Abstract: Aviation meteorology plays a critical role in ensuring the safety, efficiency and reliability of air travel. In recent years, India has taken significant steps to upgrade its aviation meteorological services by installing advanced weather-observing systems. The present study examines these advancements and evaluates their impact on the accuracy of aviation forecasts. Aviation meteorological services in India are enhanced through the installation of advanced weather observing systems, including current weather instrument systems (CWIS) on flexible masts, runway visual range (RVR) measuring systems, and the Helicopter Automatic Weather Observing System (H-AWOS). The number of RVR increased from 48 in 2021 to 169 in 2024, resulting in a significant improvement in the visibility forecast over aerodromes across India. The visibility forecast has improved to 74% in 2024 from 71% in 2021. Significant improvements in the forecast of precipitation and wind speed are also reported, due to an increase in the number of DCWIS from 56 in 2021 to 134 in 2024.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Tyagi, A., Suresh, R., Jenamani, R. K., Kumar, G. and Mishra, A. K., Evolution of aviation meteorological services in India. MAUSAM, 2025, 76(1), 269–286. Behera, S. K., Indian civil aviation industry: current growth and challenges. Emerging Trends in Indian Tourism and Hospitality: Transformation and Innovation, 2019, pp. 64–70.
Literature cited 2: Abeyratne, R., Air transport in India: some legal, regulatory and economic issues. Air and Space Law, 2018, 43(6), 543–560.

ID: 66571
Title: Cirriped barnacles: a major threat to the economically important marine crabs in its natural environment
Author: L. Bindu, P. Arya, Deepa R. Pillai and P. T. Aneesh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference:
Subject: Cirriped barnacles: a major threat to the economically important marine crabs in its natural environment
Keywords: None
Abstract: Marine crabs are the highly preferred seafood resources available in both domestic and export markets in India. They are habitat-specific, ecologically significant, and great bio-indicators of environmental health. Most of them belong to the family Portunidae. Barnacle infestation seems to be a major problem that affects their health and marketability1 monly called stalked barnacles, and among them, Octolasmis Gray, 1825 species (family: Poecilasmatidae) are common in marine and brackishwater ecosystems . The impact of barnacle infestations and related economic losses on the shellfish industry seems to be very small or undocumented. Most studies in portunid crabs concentrated on the rhizocephalan barnacle Sacculina spp that causes sterilisation . Cirripeds are com
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Saravanan, K. et al., Are we overlooking the impact of cirriped barnacle, Octolasmis spp. infestations on decapod crustaceans? Morphological and molecular insights from the disease investigation. Biologia, 2025, 80, 1353–1366; Doi: 10.1007/s11756-025- 01899-3. Sumpton, W. D., Potter, M. A. and Smith, G. S., Parasitism of the commercial sand crab Portunus pelagicus (L.) by the rhizocephalan Sacculina granifera Boschma, 1973 in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 1994, 45(2), 169–175; Doi: 10.1071/MF9940169
Literature cited 2: Ihwan, M. Z. Ikhwanuddin, M. and Marina, H., Morphological distribution of pedunculate barnacle Octolasmis angulata(Aurivillius, 1894) on wild mud crab genus Scylla from Setiu wetland, Terengganu coastal water, Malaysia. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 2014, 9, 366–371. Jeffries, W. B., Voris, H. K. and Yang, C. M., Diversity and distribution of the pedunculate barnacle Octolasmis in the seas adjacent to Singapore. J. Crust. Biol., 1982, 2, 562–569.