Records

ID: 50617
Title: GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones
Author: S.Fleming ,T.Jordan,M.Madden,E.L.Usery,R.Welch
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2009
Publisher: ISPRS Journal of PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Keywords: GIS, Coastal mapping, Landscape modeling, visualization
Abstract: In order to successfully support current and future US military operations in coastal zones, geospatial information must be rapidly integrated and analyzed to meet ongoing force structure evolution and new mission directives. Coastal zones in a military-operational environment are complexl regions that include sea, land and air features that demand high-volume databases of extreme detail within relatively narrow geographic corridors. Static products in the form of analog maps at varying scales traditionally have been used by military commanders and their operational planners. The rapidly changing battlefield of 21st century warefare, however, demands dyanamic mapping solutions. Commercial geographic information system (GIS) software for military-specific applications is now being developed and employed with digital databases to provide customized digital maps of variable scale, content and symbolization tailored to unique demands of military units. Research conducted by the Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science at the University of Georgia demonstrated the utility of GIS - based analysis and digital map creation when developing large-scale (1:10,000) products from littoral warefare databases.The methodology employed -selection of data sources (including high resolution commercial images and Lidar), establishment of analysis/modeling parameters,conduct of vehicle mobility analysis, development of models and generation of products (such as a continuous sea- land DEM and geo-visualization of changing shorelines with tidal levels)- is discussed.Based on observations and identified needs from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency,formerly the National Imagery and Mapping Agency and the Department of Defence,prototype GIS models for military operations in sea, land and air environments were created from multiple data sets of a study area at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Results of these models,along with methodologies for developing large-scale littoral warfare databases,aid the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in meeting littoral warefare analysis ,modeling and map generation requirements for US military organizations
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50616
Title: SPIRIT. SPOT 5 stereoscopic survey of Polar Ice: Reference Images and Topographies during the fourth International Polar Year (2007-2009)
Author: Je ' r^ome Korona, Etienne Berthier, Marc Bernard, Fre ' de ' rique Re ' my,Eric Thouvenot
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2009
Publisher: ISPRS Journal of PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Keywords: International Polar Year ,Antartica, Greenland ,Ice cap, SPOT 5 HRS
Abstract: Monitoring the evolution of polar glaciers, ice caps and ice streams is of utmost importance because they constitute a good indicator of global climate change and contribute significantly to ongoing sealevel rise. Accurate topographic surveys are particularly relevant as thy reflect the geometric evolution of ice masses. Unfortunately, the precision and/or spatial coverage of current satellite missions (radar altimetry,ICESat) or field surveys are generally insufficient. Improving our knowledge of the topography of Polar Regions is the goal of the SPRIT(SPOTS 5 stereoscopic survey of polar ice:Reference Images andTopographies) international polar year (IPY) project. SPIRIT will allow (1) the acquisition of a large archive of SPOT 5 stereoscopic images covering most polar icemasses and (2) the delivery of digital terrain models (DTM) to the scientific community. Here, we present the architecture of this project and the coverage achieved over northern and southern polar areas during the first year of IPY (July 2007 to April 2008). We also provide the first accuracy assessments of the SPIRIT DTMs. Over Jakobsahvn Isbrae (West Greenland), SPIRIT elevations are within + 6m of ICESat elevations for 90% of the data. Some comparisons with ICESat profiles over Devon ice cap (Canada),st Elias Mountains (Alaska) and west Svalbard confirm the good overall quality of the SPIRIT DTMs although large errors are observed in the flat accumulation area of Devon ice cap. We then demostrate the potential of SPIRIT DTMs for mapping glacier elevation changes. The comparison of summer-2007 SPIRIT DTMs with October-2003 ICESat profiles shows that the thinning of Jakobshavn Isbrae (by 30-40m in 4 years) is restricted to the fast glacier trunk. The thinning of the coastal part of the ice stream (by over 100m) and the retreat of its calving front (by up to 10 km) are clearly depicted by comparing the SPIRIT DTM to an ASTER April-2003 DTM.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50615
Title: A graph cut optimization guide by 3D-features for surface height recovery
Author: N.Chehata, F.jung, G.Stamon
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2009
Publisher: ISPRS Journal of PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Keywords: Steroscopic, Urban, High resolution satellite images, Surface modeling, Graph cut optimization
Abstract: This paper aims to present a new approach for automatic urban scene modeling from high-resolution satellite images with focus on building areas. The input data consist of a panchromatic stereo pair of satellite images, with a submetric resolution of 50-70 cm and a low Base to Height ratio B/H (0.05-0.2). Since a detailed extraction and description of building roofs is complex in a satellite context,we propose to describe the scene by means of a 3D-surface that provides either raster or vector information using different description levels. The main contribution of our approach is the use of 3D-features such as 3D-segments and 3D-facets to guide the optimization process.3D surface modelling can be formulated as a matching problem that can be solved by graph cut minimization. The novelty consists in the original construction of the graph to combine input 2D data and 3D feature constraints to control the final surface. Complementary features are used. 3D-segments modelize discontinuties and 3D-facets help to regularize the surface by planar patches. The proposed automatic system provides a surface height map with subpixellar precision. Moreover, the system is generic and extensible to other data such as aerial and terrestrial images or to a multiple view context. External databases can also be easily added to the process to constrain the optimization.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50614
Title: The design and the development of a hyperspectral and multispectral airborne mapping system
Author: Pece V.Gorservski, Paul E.Gessler
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2009
Publisher: ISPRS Journal of PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Keywords: Remote sensing , Airborne sensor, Hyperspectral sensor, Multispectral sensor, Airborne data acquisition
Abstract: Flexible and cost-effective tools for rapid image acquisition and natural resource mapping are needed by land managers. This paper describes the hardware and software architecture of a low-cost system that can be deployed on a light aircraft for rapid data acquisition. The Hyperspectral and MultispectralCameras for Airborne Mapping (HAMCAM)was designed and developed in the Geospatial Laboratory for Environmental Dynamics at the University of Idaho as a student-learning tool and to enhance the existing curriculum currently offered. The system integrates a hyperspectral sensor with four multispectral cameras,an Inertial Navigation System (INS),a wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)-capable Global Positioning System(GPS),a data acquisition computer and custom software for running the sensors in a variety of different modes. The outputs include very high resolution imagery obtained in four adjustable visible and near-infrared bands from the multispectral imager. The hyperspectral sensor acquires 240 spectral bands along 2.7 nm intervals within the 445-900nm range. The INS provides the aircraft pitch,roll and yaw information for rapid geo-registration of the imagery. This paper will discuss the challenges associated with the development of the system and the integration of components and software for implementation of this system for natural resource management applications. In addition,sample imagery acquired by the sensor will be presented.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50613
Title: Pan-European forest/non-forest mapping with Landsat ETM+snd CORINE Land Cover 2000 data
Author: Anssi Pekkarinen,Lucia Reithmaier,Peter Strobl
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2009
Publisher: ISPRS Journal of PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Keywords: Remote sensing ,Forestry, Landsat, Segmentation, Classification
Abstract: This paper describes a simple and adaptive methodology for large area forest/non-forest mapping using Landsat ETM+ imagery and CORINE Land Cover 2000. The fully automated processing chain consists of several phases,including image segmentation,clustering,adaptive spectral representativity analysis,training data extration and nearest-neighbour classification. This method was used to produce a European forest/non-forest map through the processing of 415 Landsat ETM+ scenes. The resulting forest/non-forest map was validated with three independent data sets. The results show that the map ' s overall point -level agreement with our validation data generally exceeds 80% and approaches 90% in central European conditions. Comparison with country-level forest area statistics shows that in most cases the difference between the forest proportion of the derived map and that computed from the published forest area statistics below 5%.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50612
Title: None
Author: Raul Q. Feitosa, Gilson A.O.P. Costa, Guilherme L.A. Mota, Kian Pakzad, Maria C.O.Costa
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2009
Publisher: ISPRS Journal of PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Keywords: cascade classifier multitemporal classification fuzzy classifier fuzzy markov chain
Abstract: This paper proposes a new fuzzy cascade multitemporal classification method based on Fuzzy Markov chains.This method differs from prior fuzzy multitemporal approach proposed thus far,as the method does not require the knowledge of the true class at an earlier date; instead it uses the attributes of the image object being classified at the earlier date. This method combines the fuzzy,non-temporal,classification of a geographical region at two points in time to provide a single unified result. A transformation law based on class transition possibilities projects the earlier classification onto the later date before combining both results. Performance analysis was conducted upon a sequence of three LANDSAT images from the central region of Brazil using a Genetic Algorithm to estimate transition possibilities.The analysis showed that the increase in performance is highly dependent on whether or not a significant correlation exists between the temporal data sets, as well as on the acuracy of the monotemporal calssifier at the earlier date. While the monotemporal approach used in the experiments attained an average class accuracy of approximately 55%, the multitemporal scheme achieved between 65% and 95%.Similar results in terms of overall accuracy were also observed .Furthermore,compared to two alternative cascade multitemporal classification approaches,the proposed method consistently showed better results.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50611
Title: Cascade multitemporal classification based on fuzzy Markov cains
Author: Raul Q. Feitosa, Gilson A.O.P. Costa, Guilherme L.A. Mota, Kian Pakzad, Maria C.O.Costa
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2009
Publisher: ISPRS Journal of PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Keywords: cascade classifier, multitemporal classification, fuzzy classifier, fuzzy markov chain
Abstract: This paper proposes a new fuzzy cascade multitemporal classification method based on Fuzzy Markov chains.This method differs from prior fuzzy multitemporal approach proposed thus far,as the method does not require the knowledge of the true class at an earlier date; instead it uses the attributes of the image object being classified at the earlier date. This method combines the fuzzy,non-temporal,classification of a geographical region at two points in time to provide a single unified result. A transformation law based on class transition possibilities projects the earlier classification onto the later date before combining both results. Performance analysis was conducted upon a sequence of three LANDSAT images from the central region of Brazil using a Genetic Algorithm to estimate transition possibilities.The analysis showed that the increase in performance is highly dependent on whether or not a significant correlation exists between the temporal data sets, as well as on the acuracy of the monotemporal calssifier at the earlier date. While the monotemporal approach used in the experiments attained an average class accuracy of approximately 55%, the multitemporal scheme achieved between 65% and 95%.Similar results in terms of overall accuracy were also observed .Furthermore,compared to two alternative cascade multitemporal classification approaches,the proposed method consistently showed better results.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50610
Title: Estimating vertical plant area density profiles and growth parameters of a wheat canopy at different growth stages using three-dimensional portable lidar imaging
Author: Fumiki Hosoi, Kenji Omasa
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2009
Publisher: ISPRS Journal of PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Keywords: Carbon stock Plant area a density Portable scanning lidar Three-dimensional imaging voxal-based canopy profiling
Abstract: Vertical palnt area density profiles of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) canopy at different growth stages ( tillering, stem elongation, flowering, and ripening stages ) , were estimated using high-resolution portable scanning lidar based on the voxel-based canopy profiling method. The canopy was scanned three dimensionally by laser beams emitted from several measuring points surrounding the canopy. At the ripening stage, the central azimuth angle was inclined about 23 degree to the row direction to avoid obstruction of the beam into the lower canopy by the upper part. plant area density profiles were estimated, with root mean square errors of 0.28-0.79 m2m-3 at each growth stage and of 0.45 m2 m-3 across all growth stages. Plant area index was also estimated, with absolute errors of 4.7 % - 7.7% at each growth stage and of 6.1 % across all growth stages. Based on lidar-derived plant area density, the area of each type of organ (stem, leves, ears) per unit ground area was related to the actual dry weight of each organ type, and regression equations were obtained. The standard errors of the equations were 4.1 g m-2 for ears and 26.6 g m-2 for stems and leaves. Based on these equations, the estimated total dry weight was from 63.3 to 279.4 g m-2 for ears and from 35.8 to 375.3 g m-2 for stems and leaves across the growth stages. Based on the estimated dry weighjt at ripening and the ratio of carbon to dry weight in wheat plants, the carbon stocks were 76.3 g C m-2 for grain, 225.0 g C m-2 for above ground residue, and 301.3 g C m-2 for all aboveground organs
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50609
Title: The effect of spatial autocorrelation and class proportion on the accuracy measures from different sampling designs
Author: Dong Mei Chen, Hui Wei
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2009
Publisher: ISPRS Journal of PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Keywords: Accuracy assessment classification error Sampling Spatial autocorrelation Class proportion
Abstract: Four binary thematic maps with combinations of two spatial autocorrelation levels and two different class proportions are simulated to study their effect on the precision of accuracy measures from different sampling designs. A series of eleven sample sizes(from a minimum of 25 to a maximum of 1296) are simulated using (SYS), and stratified sampling (StrRS) on the four simulated maps. The conventional error matrix and related accuracy measures are calculated for each simulation, and the precision of different estimates of accuracy measures is compared among the three sampling designs. The selection of a particular sampling size depends on the spatial autocorrelation level, the class proportion difference, and the accuracy indices that a given application requires. In general, the class proportion difference has a greater impact on the performance of difference sampling methods than the spatial autocorrelation level does on a map. For estimating the accuracy of individual classes, stratified sampling achieves better than SRS and SYS with smaller sample sizes, especially for estimating the small class. For estimating the overall accuracy, different sampling designs achieve very similar levels of precision with fewer samples. To achieve a better estimate of the kappa coefficient stratified random sampling is recomended for use on a map with a high class proportion difference, while random sampling is preferred for a map with low spatial autocorrelation and a low class proportion difference.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50608
Title: Reasoning with uncertain points, straight lines, and straight line segments in 2D
Author: Jochen Meidow, Christian Beder, Wolfgang Forstner
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2009
Publisher: ISPRS Journal of PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Keywords: Spatial reasoning Uncertainty Homogeneous coordinates Geometric entities
Abstract: Decisions based on basic geometric can only be optimal, if their uncertainty is propagated through the entire reasoning chain. This concerns the construction of new entitles from given ones, the testing of geometric relations between geometric entities, and parameters estimation of geometric entitles based on spatial ralations which have been found to hold. Basic feature extraction procedures often provifde measures of uncertainty. These uncertainties should be incorporated into the representation of geometric entities permitting statistical testing, eliminates the necessity of specifying non-interpretable thresholds and enables statistically optimal parameter estimation. Using the calculas of homogeneous the power of algebraic projective geometry can be exploited in these steps of image analysis. This review collects, discusses and evalutes the various representations of uncertain geometric entities in 2D together with their conversions. The representations are extended to achieve a consistent set of representations allowing geometric reasoning. The statistical testing of geometric relations is presented. Furthermore, a generic estimation procedure is provided for multiple uncertain geometric entities based on possibly correlated observed geometric entities and geometric constraints.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50607
Title: Nanoscience and nanotechnology : ethical, legal, social and environmental issues.
Author: Debasmita Patra, Haribabu Ejnavarzala and Prajit K. Basu
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: CURRENT SCIENCE, Volume 96, Number 5, 10 March 2009, Indian Academy of Science
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Science
Keywords: Benefits and issues, nanoscience and nanotechnology, regulatory mechnanism, risk.
Abstract: The present article attempts to understand the debate over nanoscience and nanotechnology regarding its potential benefits to the society. One view in this debate is that nanoscience and nanotechnology has a revolutionary potential and will have significant economic benefits, while the other view is skeptical about its potential in the context of ethical, legal, social and environmental (ELSE) issues and values such as equity and justice. In some developed countries, discussion on the ELSE issues of nanoscience and nanotechnology has already begun. Hence, there is a need to take a cue from the debate in the developed countries and focus our attentiaon on these issues in these issues in the Indian context. The ELSE issues should be addressed right from the beginning of the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, so that it is possible to make informed policy decisions.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50606
Title: Natural groundwater recharging ponds : struggle for survival
Author: A. K. Vashisht and S. R. Vashist
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: CURRENT SCIENCE, Volume 96, Number 5, 10 March 2009, Indian Academy of Science
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50605
Title: Biofuels:concern about substrate selection
Author: Sudhir syal and Mamta Kumari
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: CURRENT SCIENCE, Volume 96, Number 5, 10 March 2009, Indian Academy of Science
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50604
Title: The melting of the Siachen glacier,
Author: Rajeev Upadhayay
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: CURRENT SCIENCE, Volume 96, Number 5, 10 March 2009, Indian Academy of Science
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 50603
Title: Avian biology
Author: Vanaya Kumar Sethi, Dinesh Bhatt and Amit Kumar
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: CURRENT SCIENCE, Volume 96, Number 5, 10 March 2009, Indian Academy of Science
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

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