ID: 50647
Title: Estimation of Water Losses and Savings at Some Organizations in Visakhapatnam Using Initial Water Balance Studies
Author: P.Srinivas,K.Satish Kumar and S.Bala Prasad.
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: water supply balance,water auditing,water savings,water losses
Abstract: Water auditing is very useful to estimate water losses and savings.Water audit identifies water uses such as sanitation,irrigation,heating and cooling process and maintenance of the distribution system. Unaccountable losses are investigated and areas are identified in which water use efficiency can be improved using alternative technologies or practices.A comprehensive audit can give the utility and detailed profile of the distribution system and water users,allowing appropriate management of water resources and improved reliability. It is an important step towards water conservation and linked with a leak detection plan that can save the utility of a significant amount of fresh water and time. Therefore,water supply balance studies are an important part of water auditing.The water supply balance studies were carried out for industries like Visakha Steel Plant, Visakha Port Trust and Visakha Diary,which are situated in and around Visakhapatnam city.The savings with reference to water quantity and money were estimated for various organizations.It was found from initial water supply balance studies that in VSP, the water that can be saved without any additional investment is 87.372 million gallons per day. This saves an amount of Rs 0.9783 crore per day. It was also found that the water could be reduced up to 80% by using recycled water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50646
Title: Pilot Plant Study on Combined Treatment of Kitchen Refuse and Domestic Sewage By Anaerobic Digestion
Author: S.T.Ramesh,S.Jayanthi and R.Gandhimathi
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 1800
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion,kitchen refuse,domestic sewage,Biogas
Abstract: Poor management of kitchen refuse and similar garbages represent the most serious urban environmental and public health problem.Poor waste management has dire environmental and public consequences.Public health-wise,the presence of waste in residential areas,markets,roadsides,etc poses grave health hazards to people ,in general and children in particular.The kitchen refuse from hotels,big hotels and residential colonies can be effectively disposed off by anaerobic digestion.Pilot scale model of 500-litre capacity anaerobic digester was operated using kitchen refuse from the students hostel as a feed stock material . Digester performance was monitored by measuring daily pH and gas production. When the steady state was obtained, it was loaded with 1.08 kg total solids with 18 litres of domestic sewage.On teh 17th day the steady state was obtained and it was started with a loading rate of 2.3 kg VS/m3 of digester volume and the gas production was 0.40 kg m3 /kg VS/day at an HRT of 25 days.The digester performance was 87% TS reduction,95% VS reduction,75% of COD reduction with percentage of methane gas as 75%.The probable volume of biogas would be 6.6 m3 /day if it is completely disposed with 50 kg at the rate of 0.4 m3 /kg VS.This gas could serve 38 persons per day at the rate of 0.227 m3 /persons/day.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50645
Title: Studies on Toxicity of some Agricultural Chemicals to Taspoles of Frog, Rana tigrina
Author: Md.Noor Alam ,Sukant Sadhu and Vijaya Lakshmi
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Agricultural chemicals,toxicity,Rana tigrina,tadpoles,endosulfan,indofil,Dhanusan-50
Abstract: The present investigation is aimed to study the toxic effects of three agro-chemicals,endosulfan,indofil and dhanusan-50 on the tadpoles of Indian bullfrog,Rana tigrina. By following standard procedure for toxicity determination,it has been found that 96 hr/LC50 value of endosulfan was 1.5ppm,whereas for that of indofil and dhanusan-50, it was respectively 6.5ppm and 8.0ppm showing that endosulfan was most toxic and dhanusan-50 was least toxic. Some remarkable changes in the behaviour of the tadpoles in the toxic media of all the three agro-chemicals were observed such as agitated movement,hyperexcitability,bending and looping of body,surfacing movement,muscular weakness and finally death. The loss of these fish-food organisms have consequent effects on the ecosystem because of interrelationship of the organisms in the sense of food chain and this adverse situation is destined to have an impact on the prospects of fish yields from the contaminated water areas.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50644
Title: Water Quality Surveillance of Panchana Dam Irrigation Project, Karauli ,Rajasthan
Author: Ambika Sharma and Subroto Dutta
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Panchana dam,irrigation project,water quality, hydrology
Abstract: Water chemistry provides precious parameters to evaluate the environmental impact assessment of irrigation projects. The Panchana Dam is situated 12 km north to Karauli in the eastern part of Rajasthan.Panchana Dam site falls under the eastern gravelly/rocky plateau with outliers of Aravallis and the total catchment area is about 621.60 sq km and the command area is about 10606 ha. The clilmate of Panchana Dam area is almost semi-arid and comparatively milder with distinct winter,summer and rainy seasons.The summer season is from the middle of March to June,being extreme in the month of June.The present study revealed that the water has pH (7.6-8.3),electrical conductivity (260-300 ?mhos ),total dissolved solids (169-195 mg/L), phosphate (0.121-1.939 mg/L),total alkalinity (410-650 mg/L),carbonate alkalinity (20-100 mg/L), bicarbonate alkalinity (390-610 mg/L),total hardness (92-128 mg/L), calcium hardness (22.44-33.67 mg/L), magnesium hardness (69.56-90.33 mg/L), chloride (24.14-28.4mg/L) and acidity
(2.0-4.0 mg/L). Water in Panchana Dam irrigation project (PIP) is influenced by hydrology and related factors,which cause variations in nutrients present in a particular time.PIP as wetland plays and important role to develop the favourable microclilmatic conditions for biodiversity as a whole.The physico-chemical analysis of water samples from this area showed that the water is within the safe limits of drinking water quality.Seasonal variations in water quality are due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the aquatic system.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50643
Title: A Correlation Study on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Domestic Sewage
Author: K.R.Venkatesh,M.Rajendran and A.Murugappan
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Domestic sewage,physico-chemical,characteristics ,correlation analysis
Abstract: Urban environment management is one of the most pressing issues as the urbanization trend continues globally. Among the challenges faced by urban planners is the need to ensure ongoing basic human services such as the provision of water and sanitation. The under-management of domestic sewage in many urban areas presents a major challenge. Prior to the selection of suitable treatment ,the physico-chemical characteristics of domestic sewage have to be studied.From the city Chidambaram of Tamilnadu,domestic sewage samples were collected and analysed .Some of the parameters exceed the permissible limit for discharging in to surface waters prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board of India. A correlation analysis has been carried out amoung the parameters .The analysis is awfully realistic in wastewater management as well as safe disposal strategies.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50642
Title: Coagulation-Clarification of Turbid Coloured Water by Natural Coagulant (Moringa oleifera) Seed Extract
Author: Malay Chaudhuri and Putri Sarah Aainaa Binti Khairuldin
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Coagulation-clarification,Turbid coloured water,natural coagulant,Moringa oleifera,seed extract
Abstract: Performance of Moringa oleifera seed extract as primary coagulant and as coagulant aid with alum in clarification of turbid coloured water was examined and compared with the performance of alum .M. oleifera seed extract is effective as prime coagulant and as coagulant aid with alum.Compared with alum (residual filtrate turbidity 2 NTU and rsidual colour 3 TCU), it produces water with slightly higher residual filtrate turbidity (4 and 3 NTU) and residual colour (15 and 13TCU),but the residual turbidity and residual colour are within the WHO drinking water guideline values for turbidity (5 NTU) and colour (15% TCU).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50641
Title: Studies on the Chemical Parameters of Grey Water Treated by Modified Rotating Biological Contractor (RBC)
Author: S.Syed Enayathali
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: wastewater,Grey water,RBC, Rotating blades,chemical parameters
Abstract: In this paper, fundamental concepts of grey water reclamation and reuse are developed that include categories of water reuse and technological innovations for the safe use of reclaimed grey water. In general ,grey water contains lower levels of organic matter and nutrients compared to ordinary wastewater,since urine,faeces and toilet are not included. The pilot plant combines biological treatment (RBC) with physico-chemical treatment (filter media that is stone ,coal).The treated effluent from RBC was allowed to pass through three columns of filter connected in series.The experiments were run for two different filter media namely,granite stone and coal seperately. The experiment was conducted for different influent substrate concentrations and different speeds of rotating blades. Among the different speeds of rotational blades in treating grey water,the rotational speed of 3 rpm was found to yield better reduction of pH ,hardness,total dissolved solids,total kjeldahl nitrogen,dissolved phosphates,total phosphorus,sodium and boron than the rotational speeds of 4.5 and 6 rpm.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50640
Title: Survival and Growth Performance of Albizia procera: As Influenced By Fertilizers in Degraded Soil
Author: S.D.Sonkar
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Albizia procera,degraded soil,fertilizers,Nitrogen dose,phosphorus dose
Abstract: The present investigation deals with teh response of fertilizers on the survival and growth of 30 months old Albizia procera plantation raised on shallow,murrumy and gravelly soil. The height and radial growth of plant increased significantly with the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer singly or in combination with each other.Though, the response of phosphorus as a whole was found to be instrumental in enhancing growth of the plant, the nitrogen dose over 75 g/plant appliled in the form of urea adversely affected survival of the plant. Among 16 treatment combinations (four different phosphorus doses and four different nirogen doses), the treatment combinations of 75g phosphorus and nitrogen each/plant was found to be best for survival and height of the plant. The maximun radial growth was obtained in the treatment combination receiving 75g/plant phosphorus and 50g/plant nitrogen. The Relative Economic Effectiveness (REE) due to different fertilizer treatments indicated that the REE for the best height growth was 75g/plant phosphorus and nitrogen each,whereas REE for the best radial growth was worked out under the treatment receiving 75g/plant phosphorus and 50g/plant nitrogen.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50639
Title: Analysis of Water Quality Based on Total Dissolved Solids Along the Coastal Area of Kanyakumari,Tamil Nadu
Author: S.Bhargavi Perumal and P.Thamarai
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater,Total dissolved solids,water quality, coastal area,Kanyakumari
Abstract: To ascertain the suitability of groundwaters for any purpose,it is essential to classify them depending upon their hydrochemical properties based on their TDS values. The groundwater of the area is freshwater except a few samples representing brackish water at Manakude.Most of the groundwater samples are within the maximum permissible limit for drinking as per the WHO international standards. At the junction point, where Palayar and sea joins , the Echori effect was also studied and there is no such effect the surface and groundwater properties. The TDS value of 2/3rd of the basin is below 500mg/l indicationg low content of chloride in groundwaters which can be used for drinking without any risk.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50638
Title: Available Phosphorus and Potassiun of Beach Sediments in Nagarpattinam District,Tamil Nadu After Tsunami
Author: M.Kamaraj and V.Karunakaran
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Available phosphorus,available potassium,Beach sediments,Tsunami affected soil
Abstract: Phosphorus and potassium are essential macronutrients required by all terrestrial plants for proper growth and function. Accordingly,Pand K are often included in fertiliser regimes used to maintain vigorous and aesthetic residential landscapes. Present paper deals with the available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) of Tsunami affected and non-affected areas in Nagapattinam district.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50637
Title: Hydrogeochemical Studies of Kabini River Basin,Karnataka,India
Author: D.Nagaraju and C.Papanna
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Kabini river basin,Wilcox diagram ,USSL diagram,Groundwater quality,Hydrochemical facies,Non-CO3 hardness,sodium adsorption ratio,RSC
Abstract: The quality of the ground water in the Kabini river basin, covering an area of 7040 sq km2 in Karnataka, has been studied based on the composition of one hundred sixty one borewell water samples.An attempt has been made to classify the ground water by various methods. According to Bureau of Indian Standards,97% of the water samples in the study basin are within the desirable to permissible limit.93% of the samples fall in c2 - s1 class of USSl diagram. According to Wilcox diagram,91% of samples fall within the excellent to permissible classes.In the Hill-Piper diagram,majority of the groundwater samples fal in the Ca,Mg-CO3,HCO3 and Na,K-CO3,HCO3 hydrochemical facies.This has been attributed to highly weathered and fractured nature of the basement rocks.By plotting on modified Hill-Piper diagram,it is found that majority of the samples have non-carbonate hardness with a slinity ranging from 2.5 to 23 epm. It is inferred that ground water of the area has low sodium hazard and low to medium salinity. The range of dissolved components,the values of SAR and residual sodium carbonate indicate that 97% of the water samples of the basin are suitable for domestic,irrigation and industrial purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50636
Title: Ipomoea carnea Jacq. for Immobilization of Solid Wastes
Author: S.A.Bhalerao and S.B. Chaphekar
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: urbanization,Ipomoea carnea,heavy metals ,copper ,Immobilization
Abstract: Ipomoea carnea Jacq. (Family:Convolvulaceae) is an exotic weed distributed in tropical countries of Asia and America. In India, it is a common weed in the fields and has probably got introduced along with cultivation. General survey of vegetation showed that this species formed pure or mixed stands in practically all kinds of habitats common in an urban environment,revealing its wide ecological amplitude.Systematic study was undertaken to assess the range of tolerance of this species to various environmental stresses.Present paper reports the response of Ipomoea carnea to solid wastes containing heavy metals like copper. The morphological form of the plant,with very strong horizontal suckers,helps in its firm anchorage in different types of soils. This property and its natural assets,preventing its harvesting or grazing ,are useful in its profuse growth on wastelands. Organic waste in soil helps in increasing its growth, in spite of the soil containing heavy metals like copper. Its capacity for gregarious growth at various unfavourable habitats is a pointer for its utility in greening such habitats which keep increasing with urbanization.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50635
Title: Studies on Environmental Degradation By Bani and Kardoo Landslides in Jammu and Kashmir State
Author: Amita Fotedar and Anil Kumar Raina
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: environmental degradation,Bani landslide,Kardoo landslide,Kathua district, J&K state
Abstract: Two major notorious landslides occur in the Bani-Basholi road in Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir State. Among many other causes such as deforestation,high relief and brittle nature of rocks, the main cause of landslides revealed from the field investigation, was great water ingress present in the rocks in the form of springs,nallas and snow cover by way of glaciers on top cliffs. Great water ingress is also confirmed by chemical analysis and also by thin section studies of sediments of both the landslides. The problem gets compounded during excessive rains when phyllite- slaty and quartzitic rocks develop shear joints,resulting in breaking apart big rock blocks from the main mass turning into huge scree material and finally getting accumulated on the road. For mitigation of the landslides restraining structures and shaft work at vulnerable points in the crown portion is needed. Trees with long roots in the watersheds and also vetiver grass should be grown in the whole belt from Bani to Kardoo as a soil binder to check mass wastage. Breast walls with weep holes along roadside from Bani to Kardoo are very much needed.Besides these measures for the two slides, a special method for the proper disposal of runoff in case of Kardoo landslide, where ingress of water is many times more than Bani, is suggested.Runoff in this method is disposed off by digging wells radially and correcting the same to the horizontal tunnels (Tunaki model).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50634
Title: The Study of Water Quality of Ponnamaravathy in Pudukkottai District,Tamilnadu
Author: P.Ramadevi,G.Subramanian,V. Pitchammal and R. Ramanathan
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: drinking water standards,water quality,groundwater,pond water
Abstract: Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of water in three places in and around Ponnamaravathy of Pudukkottai district was carried out. Water samples from bore -wells and open-pond were collected and analysed. The chemical quality was compared with the drinking water quality standards. Several parameters like pH,turbidity,electrical conductivity,chloride,sulphate,total hardness,alkalinity,total dissolved solids,dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand were analysed. The results indicated that groundwater quality in the study area is not suitable for drinking , but the pond water can be used after pretreatment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50633
Title: Fish Biodiversity and Preferential Habitats of Fishes in Selected Stretch of Narmada River
Author: Vipin Vyas, Vivek Parashar and Dinesh Damde
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: fish biodiversity,Narmada river,mesohabitats,preferential habitats,substrate differentiation
Abstract: The present study is aimed at assessing the existing fish fauna and their distribution pattern in River Narmada from Shahganj (Distt. Sehore) to Bandua (Distt. Hoshangabad),a stretch spread over 22km in length,situated between 22o 50 ' 28? to 22o 43 ' 55? N and 77o 36 ' 46" to 77o 47 ' 48" E.The investigation reveals presence of a total 47 species belonging to 29 genera, 15 families and 6 orders. The family cyprinidae was observed as the most dominant of all, constituting 48% of the total fish population followed by Bagaridae constituting 12% of the total collection. The study also encompasses the identification of preferential fish habitats (pools,riffles,runs and substrate differentiation) by means of analysing abundance and frequency or different species of fishes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None