ID: 50662
Title: Study of Water Quality in and around Vriddhachalam in Cuddalore District,Tamil Nadu
Author: V.Karunakaran, A. Ramalingam and R. Ramanathan
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Drinking water standards, groundwaters,water quality,Vriddhachalam,Fluorosis
Abstract: Physico-chemical quality of the groundwater samples of bore wells in and around Vriddhachalam of Cuddalore district is studied. Three samples, one from Vriddhachalam town,one from Erumanur village and the third one from M.Patti village were collected for the study. The parameters observed were pH,electrical conductivity,total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium , nitrate, chloride, sulphate,sodium,potassium and flouride. The results reveal that most of the physico-chemical parameters for the second and third samples have the values above the permissible limit, but below the excessive limit. Hence,they can be used for drinking purposes. The values of these parameters except TDS are above permissible limits and below excessive limit for the first sample. The TDS exceeds the excessive limit,hence,it has to be pretreated by reverse osmosis before drinking.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50661
Title: Zooplankton Community in A Through Flow System of Kashmir Himalayan Wetland
Author: Aijaz R. Mir, A.Wanganeo, A.R.Yousuf and R.Wanganeo.
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Zooplankton community,wular wetland,Eutrophication,physicochemical status,Biodiversity,species diversity
Abstract: Study on zooplankton community in through flow ' wular ' wetland revealed that Rotifera were dominant in diversity while Cladocerans in density. Among Rotifera Keratella sp., Monostyla sp. and Polyarthra vulgaris were perennial and remaining seasonal. Among Cladocerans Alona rectangula, Alona intermediate, Alonella exisa, Alonella nana,Chydorus sphaericus, Chydorus faviformis, Graptolebris testudanaria,Macrothrix spinosa, Macrothrix laticornis and Moina sp. were perennial and remaining seasonal. The reason for their seasonal variation has been correlated with different physicochemical parameters.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50660
Title: Studies on Oceanic Zooplankton in the Continental Slope of Andaman Waters of Bay of Bengal
Author: C.Raghunathan
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Oceanic Zooplankton,Zooplankton volumes,Zooplankton biomass,species diversity,continental slope,Andaman Waters
Abstract: The biomass,density,diversity and distribution of oceanic Zooplankton were studied from 25 stations along the continental slope of Andaman Waters of Bay of Bengal during February to March 2007. A total of 68 species of zooplankton belonging to 56 genera and 16 groups were recorded from the waters of the continental slope. The biomass of zooplankton in terms of dry weight ranged from 792-2828 mg/100 m3 while volume and numerical density varied from 8.1-16.2 mL/100 m3 and 19240-47223 Nos/100 m3 respectively. Copepods were the dominant group in all stations of study. The results obtained for the physico-chemical parameters of seawater are also discussed in the paper.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50659
Title: Acute Toxic Effects of Parathion on Leucocytes of an Air Breathing Fish Clarias batrachus
Author: Shiv Kumar Yadav, Pratibha Kumari and D.K.Paul
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Acute toxic effects,parathion,Leucocytes,Clarias batrachus
Abstract: The present investigation deals with the toxic effect of a common insecticide parathion on total and differential count of an air-breathing fish Clarias batrachus. In four different concentrations (2ppm,4ppm,6ppm and 8ppm of parathion for 96 hrs to Clarias batrachus, a gradual and significant increase in total leucocytes with parathion concentrations was observed. Total percentage of lymphocytes showed marked increase in all the test animals exposed to different concentrations of the toxicant. Significant decrease in neutrophils,basophils,eosinophils and monocytes were also observed in parathion exposed animals.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50658
Title: Effect of Seasonal Variation on Some Heavy Metal Contents of a Medicinal Plant Swertia densiflora (Griscb.) Kashyap Using ICP-OES Technique
Author: Sunitha Shailajan and Smruti Shah
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: ICP-OES Technique,Heavy Metals,Swertia densiflora,Medicinal Plants
Abstract: The analysis of heavy metals of medicinal plants is an important criteria of their standardisation. Various mineral elements occur in plant and animal tissues in such minute amouts that early workers were unable to measure their precise oncentration with analytical methods then available. They were,therefore,described as occuring in trace quantity. The practice is still followed despite the development of modern analytical laboratory techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy and neutron activation analysis,which have an ability to measure all trace elements in the smallest of biological samples with great precision and accuracy. Four common heavy metals Pb,Zn,Cu and Ni were analysed in a medicinal plant Swertia densiflora (Griscb.) Kashyap by optical emission spectroscopy which uses the technique of inductively coupled plasma. The increased circulation of toxic metals in soils and plants may result in the inevitable builup of such toxins in food chains. The results of the study indicate that the concentration of copper ranged from 7.10-9.25,zinc from 36.25-71.02,lead from 6.69-13.74 and nickel from < 1.04-4.46 in Swertia densiflora .
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50657
Title: Removal of Heavy Metal Cadmium from Industrial Wastewater Using Chitosan Coated Coconut Charcoal
Author: P.N.Sudha and S.Celine
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: heavy metal ,cadmium,chitosan,coconut shell charcoal,adsorption
Abstract: Of the various toxic heavy metals discharged into the environment,cadmium is highly toxic and has a serious health concern.Removal of metals from industrial wastewaters has conventionally been accomplished by precipitation,ion exchange and electrolytic technology.More recently,adsorption using commercial activated carbon and carbon from different plant materials is in force. Use of activated carbon is quite expensive. Hence,the use of carbon from natural biopolymers has attracted attention of industrialists. Recently,surface modified carbon has generated diversity with far superior adsorption capacity. Among the various low cost adsorbents identified,children has the highest adsorption capacity for several metals. But chitosan is slightly soluble at low pH,soft and has a tendency to agglomerate or form a gel in aqueous solutions,which makes the active binding sites of chitosan not readily available for absorption. Hence,providing a physical support will increase the accessibility of the metal binding sites. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to overcome these mass transfer limitations by synthesizing a biosorbent by coating chitosan on the surface of coconut shell charcoal. The chitosan coated charcoal showed higher efficiency of adsorption of cadmium than the pure charcoal.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50656
Title: Phosphate Solubilisation by Four Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria Isolated From Leather Industry Effluents
Author: Ramachander Merugu,M.S.K.Prasad, D.Vasavi, S.Girishan and S.M.Reddy
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Rb.capsulatus,Rps.acidophila,Rps.rutila,Rsp.rubrum,phosphate solubilization,dicalcium phosphate,Tricalcium phosphate
Abstract: Four anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, Rhodobacterium (Rb.) capsulatus,Rhodopseudomonas (Rps.) acidophila,Rps.rutila and Rhodospirillum (Rsp.) rubrum, isolated from wastewaters,were tested for their ability to solubilize tricalcium and dicalcium phosphate under different conditions.Rps. rutila was superior to other bacteria under investigation in solubilisation of tricalcium phosphate. Rsp.rubrum was poor in solubilization of tricalcium phosphate. Rsp.rubrum and Rb.capsulatus could solubilise dicalcium phosphate with almost same efficiency while Rps.acidophila was more efficient in solubilization of dicalcium phosphate.Thus,these bacteria can be exploited in solulbilization of phosphate.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50655
Title: Determination of Pesticide Residues in Some Agricultural Water Samples by Gas Chromatography
Author: Mohammad Nasser Modoodi and S.L.Belagali
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: pesticide residues,water pollution,Agricultural water,Gas chromatography
Abstract: Experiments were conducted to determine 18 pesticide residues in water samples collected from irrigated agricultural farmlands around Mysore city,Karnataka,India.The samples were analysed by gas chromatography consisting of elctron capture detector to look for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and flame photometric detector for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs).Seven pesticides were detected in water samples namely aldrin,dieldrin,a-HCH,b-HCH,g-HCH,2,4-DDD and endosulfan-1.All the detected pesticides in water samples were in low concentrations.Pond and borewell water samples had no pesticide residues.Amoung organochlorine pesticides,present in farm water samples,a-HCH and g-HCH were more frequently found followed by 2,4-DDD .No organophosphorus pesticide residues were detected in any water samples.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50654
Title: GIS Based Groundwater Quality Assessment of Vattamalaikarai Basin,Tamil Nadu,India
Author: G.Vennila,T.Subramani and L.Elango
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Vattamalaikarai Basin,Groundwater quality,Hydrochemistry,drinking water,spatial variation,GIS
Abstract: A detailed GIS based study on hydrochemistry of groundwater in Vattamalaikarai Basin,Tamil Nadu,India has been carried out to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking purpose.Further,the spatial variation of various groundwater quality parameters over the basin has also been studied for January 2008. The area is underlained by crystalline rocks of peninsular gneissic complex,comprising of hornblende-biotite-gnesis and charnokite. Black,alluvial and calcareous soils are major soil types in this region.Fifty nine groundwater samples spread over the basin have been collected from open and tube wells during January 2008.The physicochemical parameters have been compared with the standard guideline values as recommended by the WHO for drinking and public health.The abundance of major ions in groundwater is in the following order :Na+>Mg2+>Ca2+>k+= Cl - >SO42->HCO3->NO3->CO32-- TDS widely varied from 124 to 4270 mg/L with an average of 1422 mg/L and at 24 locations it exceeds the maximum allowable limit of 1500 mg/L leading to unsuitability of groundwater in nearly 40% of the total basin area.TDS exhibits good positive correlation with Na+,Mg2+ and Cl-.Groundwater of the basin belongs to hard to very hard water category since the total hardness (TH) exceeds the permissible limit of 500mg/L prescribed for drinking water.Nitrate concentration in groundwater also widely varies from 0 mg/l to 647 mg/l with an average value of 125 mg/l.Forty four well samples out of 59 exceed the maximum allowable limit of 45 mg/l (60% of the total basin area).Flouride is also high (>1.5 mg/l) in groundwater at 17 locations ,which may cause dental fluorosis
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50653
Title: Lambda Cyhalothrin Induced Changes in Protein Metabolism of Various Tissues in Freshwater Catfish Claris batrachus
Author: R.Saravanan
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Claris batrachus,insecticides ,synthetic pyrethroids,Lambda cyhalothrin,pest control ,toxic stress,LC50,biochemical analysis
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of synthetic pyrethroid lambda cyhalothrin in liver,muscle ,gills,kidney,testis and seminal vesicles of freshwater catfish Claris batrachus. The fish were exposed to the pesticide for a period of 45 days at a sublethal concentration of 5.768 ppm. Biochemical analysis of total proteins and total free amino acids was carried out on the 15th,30th and 45th day of exposure to find out changes in the biochemical constituents due to toxic stress caused to the fish. The results showed a significant decline in total proteins in all the tissues during different days of exposure to lambda cyhalothrin,while total free amino acids showed an increase in liver,kidney and testis and a reverse trend in muscle ,gills and seminal vesicle.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50652
Title: Interpretation of Ambient Air Quality and Air Quality Parameters in Jaipur city-A case study
Author: Sheetal Agarwal ,B.L. Swami and A.B.Gupta
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.4, December, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Air quality index, air quality monitoring ,ambient air quality,air pollution,SPM,RSPM
Abstract: The Air Quality Indexing is a simplest way for the prediction of ambient air quality status of any region. It warns public about the risk of exposure of daily pollution levels and to enhance regulatory measures for immediate local impact.In the present study,air quality monitoring was carried out for different air pollutants,i.e., NO2 ,SO2 , RSPM and SPM at six selected sites of Jaipur city.Air Quality Index and standard deviation were also calculated for all the selected sites. The results show a comparative study of the air quality in different areas of Jaipur city.The study identifies the potential sources for the effective pollution control measures to improve the air quality in Jaipur city.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50651
Title: Studies on Effects of Flyash and Plant Hormones Treated Soil on Increased Oil Content in seeds of Sesamum indicum
Author: Dhaneshwar Prasad Sahu, A.K.Mishra, Girish Keshker and Ashok Kumar Jangde
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Sesamum indicum, oil content, flyash,indole acetic acid,Gibberellic acid
Abstract: Sesamum is one of the most ancient cultivated crops in India.Sesamum (Family Pedaliaceae ) is a genus of annual or perennial herb or occasionally shrub found in the warmer regions like Africa,Asia and Australia. About six species are recorded in India of which S.indicum is widely cultivated. In Chhattisgarh state there are many thermal power plants like NTPC,BCPP,CSEB etc., which continue to discharge large quantities of flyash having alkaline nature. Soils of Chhattisgarh state are acidic (red,yellow).Soil acidity is responsible for Al3+ ions toxicity,which leads to reduced microorganism activity and Mo and Zn deficiency.Al3+ ions affect plant growth in acidic soil inhibiting root length,uptake of nutrients and reducing crop yield.In plants, IAA and GA were used as growth hormones. Plant growth parameters were compared for plain and flyash and hormone treated soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50650
Title: Phycoremediation of Sewage Using Microalgae Chlorella Sp.
Author: S.Kalaivani,A.Mahalakshmi Priya, S.S.Sudha and S.Balasubramaniyan
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Phycoremediation,Municipal sewage,Chlorella Sp,physico-chemical,microbiological parameters
Abstract: Phycoremediation is a novel technique that uses algae to cleanup contaminated soil and water.It takes advantage of natural ability of algae to take up,accumulate and sometimes degrade constituents that are present in their growth environment.The present work deals with the study of remediation of sewage water using Chlorella, which is an alga,isolated from kalapatti pond,Coimbatore. The remediation study was carried out in the sewage water collected from Thudialur municipal sewage.The physico-chemical and microbiological parameters like temperature,pH,turbidity,total solids (TS),total suspended solids (tss), total dissolved solids (TDS),dissolved oxygen (DO),biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen ,organic carbon (OC),chloride (Cl),hardness and calcium were analysed in raw sewage as well in treated sewage.Sewage water was diluted to different concentrations as 25%,50%,75%and 100%.The inoculum was taken in different concentrations for the study (10%-T1),(20%-T2).The work was carried out for a period of four months and the readings were taken for every fifteen days interval throughout the study.There was a high reduction in all the physico-chemical parameters except DO. The treated sewage was observed to be clear,but there was no significant reduction in the microbiological parameters.The use of disinfectant after separation of the algae from treated sewage will be a complete treatment .Thus,the green algae Chlorella is effective in reducing the physico-chemical parameters of the sewage. The sewage after the treatment attained the ISO permissible limit. The treated water can be used for irrigation,fisheries,etc. The algae can be reused for further remediation process.
Location: 241
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Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50649
Title: Toxicity of Lead on Biochemical Changes of Nitrogen Fixing Cyanobacteria ,Aulosira fertilissima Ghose
Author: J.I.Nirmal Kumar,Rita N.Kumar and Shweta Patel
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Acute toxicity,biochemical changes ,N-fixing cyanobacteria,Aulosira fertilissima
Abstract: The study was aimed to evaluate biochemical fate of Aulosira fertilissima when treated with different doses of PbNO3 which is the one of the sources of heavy metal of lead.Moreover,cyanobacteria,a group of prokaryotes ,symbiotic,N2 fixing organism,ubiquitous in distribution and used as a biofertilizer in the paddy fields. The heavy metals not only destroy organisms but also kill the non -target cyanobacteria in paddy fields. Therefore , in the current study an attempt has been made to study acute toxicity of PbNO3 on biochemical changes like pigment contents,chlorophyll-a,b,total,phycobilins and carotenoids,metabolites-carbohydrates,proteins and phenols and enzyme activity-protease and nitrate reductase of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria Aulosira fertilissima Ghose when grown in BG11 media. Retardation of chlorophyll-a,b,total,phycobilin and carotenoids was observed in all the treatments of PbNO3 when compared with control as the days progressed. On the other hand ,metabolites like carbohydrates,proteins and phenols also showed decrease in their content after 96 hours treatment of different doses. However, the present study revealed that there is a rise in protein content in 6 ppm and phenol content in 12.0 ppm and 22.0 ppm.Besides ,there was an inhibition in the nitrate reductase and protease activities with an increase in PbNO3 doses.Futher,cyanobacterial species, Aulosira fertilissima could be considered for bioremediation processes due to their potentially to tolerate up to 6.00 ppm of PbNO3 dose without any adverse effect,but proper studies are necessary for their practical reuse and development of heavy metal resistant strains.
Location: 241
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Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50648
Title: A Study of Fertilizer Application and Irrigation Effects on Nitrate-N Leaching in Paddy Crop Fields Near Cauvery River Basin- A Case Study
Author: Abida Begum,S.Hari Krishna and Irfanulla Khan
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 8, No.1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Denitrification,nitrogen fertilization,paddy crop,irrigation district,Nitrate-nitrogen,leaching
Abstract: Fertilizer leaching affects farm profitability and contributes to nonpoint source pollution of rceiving waters. The objective of the study was to evaluate nitrate leaching ,i.e . nitrogen export for six application rates of inorganic fertilizer and two applications of cattle manure (A-50,B-75,C-150,D-200,E-225 and F-350 Gcm 150 and Hcm 200 Mg/ha) from the irrigated lands in Mandya district near Cauvery basin(65.51% ha). Nitrogen (N) fertilization/application in the district was determined through interviews with local farmers for the years 2006 and NO3 - N load in the plots was monitored during the irrigation period and non irrigation period.The most fertlized crop in the region was paddy. The moderate nirogen fertilizer rates in fields A,B and C were able to completely cover the N needs of irrigated paddy.Low nitrogen fertilizer rate in the field A with sufficient side dressing was best as it did not pollute the surroundings with nitrogen leachate and the crop yield was also good.In case of fields D and E,nitrogen fertilization was higher than N uptake for irrigated crops and indiscriminate use of fertilizer did not increase the paddy yield, in contrast the high fertilizer rate above the nitrogen crop need, produced highest risk of pollution to water resources due to higher nitrate concentrations in drainage .In the field F,the crkop yield was not quite as there was no side dressing which also produced risk to environment. In fields Gand H,crop yield was good and also negligible pollution since only cattle manure was applied with sufficient side dressing.
Location: 241
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Literature cited 2: None