ID: 50707
Title: Study of Water Quality in Kor River, West Southern of Iran
Author: E. Asrari, M. Madadi and M. Masoudi
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Water quality, Water pollution,kor river,Bhategan lake, salinity of water, self-purification model,standard threshold
Abstract: Water is only naturally pure occuring inorganic fluid in the universe but most of the surface water sources are no more inorganic, since the generated wastewaters polluting the freshwater sources and rendering them unfit for various purpose. Though, the problem of water pollution is worldwide, it is surprising that it draws the attention of scientists only when it becomes hazardous for human health. With this view, an attempt was made to evaluate the quality of water in kor river in Fars province,Iran. Water samples from different locations in the course of kor river were collected to check the suitability of water for human use. The parameters like, Cl-, alkalinity, TSS, TDS, pH, EC and temperature were measured. The amount of them was compared with standard threshold. Some stations showed that water was just suitable for agriculture for some products like wheat and barley. The self purification model of river is shown for EC and alkalinity of water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50706
Title: Physico-Chemical Studies of the Waterbodies in and Around Shivkhori Area, Jammu Himalaya, in Relation to Geology of the Area
Author: Amita Fotedar, R.K. Verma and B.K.Fotedar
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: physico-chemical studies, streams, Jammu Himalayas, Geological sucession, Murree, SAR
Abstract: The waters of Shivkhori stream, Raunra Tawi khad and Thanna Tawi khad stream of Kalakot area, Rajouri district, J&K state were subjected to analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for elements Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Ni, Cu,Pb, Zn and Cr. All the elements except Si and Al were present within permissible limits in all the samples according to Bureau of Indian Standards and WHO. Aluminium is objectionable in four out of the 15 samples analyses and silicon is present more than the permissible limits in all the samples. A good afforestation programme together with adopting Vetiver technology in the watershed areas of the region will screen out many of the elements including Al and Si not to enter the solution of the waters. Nitrates, sulphtes,chlorides,bicarbonates,TDS and total hardness (TH) are all within the prescribed limits and hence with respect to all these parameters, the waters are safe to be used for human consumption and also for agricultural use. SAR and SSP values of all the samples are within the prescribed limits and hence the waters cannot be considered to create any harm as far as agricultural use is concerned. The waters of all the three streams are recommended to be subjected to chlorine/bromine disinfection to render the same safe for human consumption. Last, but not the least, attention needs to be paid towards bad sanitation prevailing near the banks of all the streams, which needs to be improved upon.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50705
Title: Selective Characterization and Impact Analysis of Liquid Paper Industry Effluent
Author: P.V.S.Machiraju, Y.L.N.Murthy, V.Srinivasa Rao
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: paper industry effluent, irrigation standards,Aquaculture standards,Residual sodium carbonate,water classification
Abstract: The treated effluent water from paper industry has an alkaline pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the observed values indicate that, it affects the aerobic respiration of organisms and hence not suitable for aqua-culture application. Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) values observed for the treated liquid effluent sample suggest its suitability for irrigation purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50704
Title: A Study on Biocomposting of Concentrated Distillery Spent Wash
Author: D.S. Mali and S.V.Ranade
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bio-composting, Aerobic composting, Distillery spent wash, Molasses, Bagasse, Press mud, Farm yard manure
Abstract: Dark colour, low pH and high organic load characterize the distillery waste called as spent wash. If spent wash is disposed off in environment without proper treatment it poses threat to it. Out of available treatment options aerobic composting of spent wash is one of the best options. The by-products of sugar industry such as press mud and bagasse were used as filler materials. The experiments were carried out in plastic containers of 20-L capacity. The press mud and bagasse were mixed in 5:1 proportion. The spent wash was added to this mixture till the moiture content was approximately 70%. The seeding was done with the help of Farm Yard Manure (FYM). The areation was done manually by overturning the contents for 30 days at the interval of one day. The samples were analysed for temperature of composting mass, moisture content, organic carbon, nitrogen,pH,COD, chlorides and conductivity. Reloading of spent wash was done to maintain the moisture content. It was observed that the rate of reaction was higher at the initial stages of composting. The increase in temperature was obsetved at the initial stage, which went on decreasing as composting of the mass was completed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50703
Title: Replacement of River Sand Using Manufactured Sand and Quarry Dust in Cement Concrete
Author: Sunilaa George, Jino John, P.N. Magudeswaran and R. Thenmozhi
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Manufactured sand, River sand, Quarry dust, Cement concrete
Abstract: River sand is widely used for concrete as fine aggregate. The increased cost of river sand and depletion in ground water table due to illegal sand mining leads to find an alternative for fine aggregate without compromising the strength. In this study, concrete mix M30 has been designed using quarry dust and manufactured sand by replacing the river sand. Four mix proportions were made to test the effect of inclusion of quarry dust and manufactured sand in concrete and the results were compared with the control specimens. It was found that the strength of the concrete is enhanced in both the types of replacements.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50702
Title: Evidence of Translocation of Endophytic Human Pathogens in Tomato ( Licopersicon esculentum) Grown Via Geophonics
Author: S.D. Chavan, N.S. Kulkarni and M. Musaddiq
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Food-borne pathogens, pathogenid endophytes, Salmonella, Lycopersicon esculentum, inner tissue of tomato
Abstract: Altered environmental conditions have resulted in increased likelihood of pathogen transmission to humans. Amongst the infections diseases, food-borne diseases are the most serious health problems affecting public health. Vegetables and fruit vegetables (salad ingredients) are frequently identified as a potential source of infection due to its unhygienic cultivation practices. The inner tissues of fruits and vegetables are considered to be sterile. However, bacterial endophytes are known to reside in wide range of plant tissues. Hence, with the view of possible isolation of bacterial endophytic human pathogens in tomato fruit have been investigated geophonically. All the experimental plant units from sowing to seedling level were challenged with pure culture of Salmonella @ 1018/mL and were analysed for the presence of Salmonella species at 7th day after sowing (DAS) up to fruiting stage. The study revealed presence of Salmonella species at 21st DAS in all the plants analysed, viz., leaf, stem and fruits which indicates that the tomato as salad ingredient may act as an occulant source of enteric infection.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50701
Title: Tolerance of Certain Pesticides by Two Nitraogen Fixing Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria
Author: Ramchander Merugu, M.S.K. Prasad, S. Girisham and S.M.Reddy
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Pesticides, Biofertilizers, Rb.capsulatus, Rps. acidophila, Leather industry effluent
Abstract: The tolerace of some pesticides by two anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, isolated from leather industry effluents, was investigated. Rhodobacterium capsulatus was found to be more resistant than Rhodopseudomonas acidophila to the pesticides tried in the present investigation. The pattern of inhibition of growth for both the organisms show that chlorpyrifos was most potent followed by methyl parathion, endosulfan, rogor and kitazin in a descending order.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50700
Title: Studies on Air Spora of Vegetable Market at Karad, Maharashtra
Author: K.R. Hogale and B.D.Patil
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Allergic spores, Vegetable market, Biopollutants, Pollen grains, Rotorod sampler, Allergies
Abstract: Studies on air spora of vegetable market at Karad were carried out with the help of Rotorod air sampler to monitor biopollutants. The study was carried out from 1st Oct 2006 to 31st Dec 2006. The investigation reports 57 types of biopollutants, out of which 52 belong to fungi and five to pollen grains, algal fragments, hyphal fragments, insect and insect parts. The spores of Curvularia, Nigrospora, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Helminthosporium, Sclerospora, Epicoccum, Teichospora and Chaetomium are common in occurence. The spores found in the study, which have already been proved to be allergic in nature are Curvularia, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Helminthosporium, Chaetomium, smut spores and Epicoccum.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50699
Title: Impact of Anthropogenid Activities on Drinking Water Quality: A Case Study in Raniganj Coalfield Area (W.B)
Author: Chinmoy Chatterjee and Alokkumar De
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Drinking water, water quality index, coliforms, water pollution, River Damodar, Groundwater
Abstract: Present study reveals that the quanlity of groundwater is not safe for drinking in Raniganj coalfield area. The reasons for the deterioration of groundwater quality can be attributed mainly to lack of proper sanitation and intrusion of raw sewage into the groundwaters. The water quanlity parameters of supply water on the other hand, are within the permissible limits of drinking water standards. As such, it is suggested that use of raw groundwater for drinking purpose should be discouraged.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50698
Title: Antibacterial Activity of Paddy Fields Cyanobacteria
Author: B.Digamber Rao, D. Srinivas, O.Padmaja and G. Dayakar
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Antibiotics, paddy fields, cyanobacteria, Bioactive compounds, Anabaena sp., Stegonema sp.
Abstract: Antibacterial activity of some heterocystous cyanobacteria from paddy fields in Warangal district of Andra Pradesh was studied. Soil samples were collected from various regions of paddy fields of Warangal and cyanobacteria were isolated. Supernatants and methanolic extracts from biomass of 42 straints of cyanobacteria were isolated and screened against four strains of bacteria. Methanolic extracts and culture supernatants of 6 strains of cyanobacteria exhibited significant antibacterial effect. According to these results, it is concluded that Anabaena and Stegonema species have more potential for producing antimicrobial substance than other strains.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50697
Title: Spatial Variation in Primary Productivity of River Damodar at Jharia (Jharkhand) and Raniganj (West Bengal), India
Author: Somnath Goswami and T.K.Saha
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: primary productivity, River Damodar, chord distance, cluster analysis, coalfields, coal mining effluents
Abstract: In the present study 16 sampling stations were selected in River Damodar at Jharia and Raniganj. Primary productivity of water was determined by light and dark bottle method. Seasonal variations of gross primary productivity (GPP) net primary productivity (NPP) were determined. Spatial variations in productivity level and dissimilarity coefficient were determined by using chord distance for different seasons. Regression model was determined to estimate role of major phytoplankton groups for the production. Cluster analysis was done for placing similar or statistically related stations into one group
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50696
Title: Prospects of Genetic Transformation Techniques in Culture of Marine Molluscs in India
Author: S.A.Mohite, A.S.Mohite and N.V.Pawar
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Genetic transformation, electroporation, Lipofection, Microinjection, Transfection, Bivalves, Molluscs,clams,oysters,Mussels
Abstract: Overfishing is posing a major problem that has dangerously reduced fish and shellfish stocks. People are, therefore, looking at aquaculture to not only increase the fishery production but to improve the declining stocks. Among all the cultivable species of fish and shellfishes, molluscs such as oysters, mussels and clams form a sizable group that can be cultured successfully along the coast of India. Though the molluscs sustain regular and very productive fisheries in our waters, only a few of the mussels, clams and oysters are now generally eaten. But molluscan diversity has shown a declining trend due to the commercial exploitation, pollution and environment hazards that cause death of molluscs and to a lesser magnitude, the professional shell collection from wild. There is an urgent need to conserve the depleting stocks and to improve the quality of these bivalves. It is necessary, therefore, to develop efficient methods to increase the production of clams, oysters and mussels to meet high worlwide demand for these organisms. Genetic manipulation in culture promotes faster growth and maturation, increased disease resistance and triploidy. Some of the techniques are discussed in the current paper.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50695
Title: N- Alkane Distribution in Surficial Sediments from the Aden City Coast, Yemen
Author: Nabil, A. AL-Shwafi
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Gulf of Aden, Marine environment, sediment samples, N- alkanes, Hydrocarbons,Oil-related pollution
Abstract: The results are the first of their kind for the region and should serve as baseline for future studies. The concentration of N-alkanes in sediment samples ranged from 3 to 1805 ng/g dry weight, expressed as Kuwait crude oil equivalent.It is evident that all the sites are contaminated to some extent with N-alkanes. N-alkanes generally constitute the major fraction of saturated hydrocarbons and their distribution patterns are characterized by carbon-number ranges and predominance, depending on the nature of the source material and its microbial or geochemical alteration. In this respect it has been recognized that distributions exhibiting odd carbon-number predominance in the C15-C21and C25-C31 ranges are characteristic of autochthonous and allochthonous natural inputs respectively, whereas slight even carbon-number predominance or smooth distribution in the C20-C30 range have been invoked for reduction or bacterial diagentic processes. Finally, fossil (petroleum) N-alkanes are characterized by a low carbon preference distribution generally concurrent with an unresolved complex mixture of branched and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50694
Title: Geochemical Studies of Groundwater Present in Upper Thirumanimuthar Sub-basin, Tamil Nadu,India
Author: B. Gurugnanam, M.Suganya, M.Suresh and K.Dharanirajan
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater, Geochemical studies, piper trilinear diagram, Kalley ' s ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, Magnesium hazards, sodium percentage
Abstract: Geochemical analysis of groundwater is employed to evaluate the postmonsoon 2005 water quality of upper Thirumanimuthar Subbasin. Thirty two representative groundwater samples were collected from dug and borewells. The samples were analysed to monitor the water chemistry of major ions. The results were evaluated in detailed and compared with WHO water quality standards. An overall assessment of the water samples indicated that all parameters are within the permissible limit except in some locations. According to the USSL diagram most of the samples falls in C3 - S1 class,which indicates its suitable nature. Piper trilinear diagram interpretations were made to know the chemical type of the groundwater. It reveals that the subsurface water is alkaline earth (Ca + Mg) exceeds alkalines (Na + K) type.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50693
Title: Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi) as corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid
Author: M. Shyamala and A. Arulanantham
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma and Dr P.k.Geol
Year: 2008
Publisher: Technoscience Publications,vol 7, No.3, September, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: corrosion inhibition, Ocimum sanctum, plant extract, Mild steel corrosion, polarization curves
Abstract: The aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum as corrosion inhivitor on mild steel in 1N hydrochloric acid was studied using the weight loss method, gasometric, potentiodynamic polarization and impedance method. The maximum inhibition efficiency was 99.6% in the optimum concentration of the extract 6% in v/v. Similarly,in gasometric method, maximum efficiency was 98.6% in the same concentration. It was confirmed by potentiodynamic polarization and impedance methods, which showed a maximum efficiency of 99.7% and 97.9% respectively in the same concentration. The effect of immersion time from 3 hrs to 24 hrs at 300C on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1N HCl in the presence of the optimum concentration of the inhibitor (6% in v/v) revealed that the extract of Ocimum sanctum has maximum efficiency of 99.6% in 3 hours immersion time. Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicated that the plant extract behaves as mixed type inhibitor. The results show that 6% in v/v aqueous extract of the leaves of Ocimum sanctum could serve as an effective inhibitor on the corrosion of mild steel in 1N hydrochloric acid medium.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None