ID: 50752
Title: Comparative Studies on Submerged, Liquid Surface and Solid State Fermentation for Citric Acid production by Aspergillus niger RCNM 17
Author: G. Narayanmurthy, Y.L.Ramachandra, S.Padmalatha Rai,P.S.Sujan Ganapathy, B.T.Kavitha and Y.N.Manohara
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Citric acid, A.niger RCNM 17, SmF, LSF and SSF
Abstract: A comparative study on three different fermentation techniques was carried out for citric acid production by a new soil isolate Aspergillus niger RCNM 17 using Shu and Johnson ' s (1948a) medium. A.niger RCNM 17 produced highest titer of citric in Solid State Fermentation (61.08 g citric acid at 72 h with 43.61% and 53.19% conversions based on the total initial sugar and the sugar consumed during fermentation respectively) compared to sugmerged Fermentation (10.23g citric acid/l at 168 h with 7.32 and 9.65% conversions based on the total initial sugar and the sugar consumed during fermentation respectively) and Liquid Surface Fermentation (24.37 g citric acid/l at 144 h with 17.40 % and 24.72% conversions based on the total initial sugar and the sugar consumed during fermentation respectively).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50751
Title: Effect of Pentaamminecobalt (III) complexes of alpha-Amino Acids on the Leathery Tannery Effluents
Author: A.Thaminum Ansari and K. Subramani
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pentaamminecobalt (III) complexes of alpha-amino acids -Tannery Effluent - Coagulant
Abstract: Cobalt (III) complexes of alpha-amino acids are studied as coagulants for tannery effluent. The effect of these complexes have been studied as a function of various experimental parameters such as pH, chloride concentrations, BOD, COD, TS, TDS, inorganic and organic dissolved salts. The effect of these coagulants were also studied in relation to the various pollution causing parameters. The experimental results were compared with those obtained using ferric alum.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50750
Title: Increased Water Stress Tolerance in Brahmi Plants Treated with Glomus mossae
Author: T.Vijaya and C.Nirmala
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Bacopa monnieri, Glomus mossae, Water stress, Growth, Biomass, Physiology
Abstract: Bacopa monnieri plants were subjected to different regimes of water stress in presence and absence of Glomus mossae in a nursery. The growth and physiological response of these plants were studied by establishing four different treatments. The inoculation of plants with G mossae found to increase the growth and biomass of these plants. The content of chlorophyll, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids were also high in VAM treated plants in stress condition.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50749
Title: Lambda cyhalothrin induced alterations in antioxidant enzymes status of various tissues in Freshwater Catfish Clarias batrachus
Author: R.Saravanan, K.Revathi and P.Balakrishna Murthy
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Lambda cyhalothrin, Antioxidant enzymes, Clarias batrachus
Abstract: Agricultural field runoff of pesticides has been implicated as a potential cause of aquatic biota toxicity. Pyrethroids are designed to act as insecticides but their potential impact in aquatic environment is largely and much greater in fish species and other aquatic organisms. Pyrethroids in water surface and sediments are taken up by pelagic organisms and sediment or bottom dwelling organisms causing a substantial risk to these organisms due to their strong hydrophobic and lipophilic nature. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of Lambda cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid on benthic dwelling catfish Clarias batrachus as they are potentially toxic to benthic organisms even at very low concentrations. A study was taken up to assess the activity of different antioxidant enzymes in liver, muscle, gills, kidney and testis on exposure of the fishes to the pyrethroid for 45 days. The activity of these antioxidant enzymes was studied at an interval of every 15 days till the end of the exposure period. Fluctuation in ezyme activity was noticed at different periods of exposure which may due to the adaptation of the fishes to the oxidative stress conditions.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50748
Title: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory constants in heart of Clarias batrachus affected by Sevin toxicity
Author: Mahira Parveen
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Sevin, Heart, Acetylcholinesterase, Fish
Abstract: Abstract-Carbamates are widely used for pesticide control for agricultural purposes. Among carbamates, sevin has been established as most suitable due to its ability to kill the pests at a very small quantity. The LC50 of sevin to adult fishes, Clarias batrachus was determined as 5.2 mg/L for 96 hours. On the basis of LC50, fishes were exposed to thredd sublethal concentrations of sevin i.e. 0.5, 1.25 and 2 mg/L for acute period. At the end of the experiment, fishes were killed and the heart was removed. Acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity was determined in heart of control and treated fishes. The percentage inhibition was calculated on the basis of acetylcholinesterase activity in heart of control fishes. Fishes showed 21.93%,42.00% and 53.25% inhibition of heart acetylcholinesterase activity with 0.5, 1.25 and 2 mg/L concentrations. A clear increasing trend in percentage inhibition with the increase in concentration of sevin was observed. The hill plot has been drawn to illustrate the inhibitory capacity of sevin.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50747
Title: Phytochemical and Anti-Inflammatory studies of Oldenlandia umbellata
Author: Santh Rani Thaakur, E.Mahesware, G.R.Saraswathy, V.Hema, V.Rekha, Y.Prapurna Chandra, V.Kishanlal and K.Bhanu Prasad
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, carrageenan, Paw oedema, Oldenlandia umbellata
Abstract: Oldenlandia umbellata (Rubiaceae) is commonly found in the regions of India, Burma, Sri Lanka, Cambodia and Indonesia. This plant is used in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. Ethanolic extract of whole plant of Oldenlandia umbellata was screened for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced rat Paw oedema at the dose levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg was compared with the standard drug, Diclofenac Sodium. The extract produced significant and dose dependent inhibition of carrageenan induced paw oedema.The results were found to be significant (P<0.05) when compared to control. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Oldenlandia umbellata indicated the presence of alkaloids and glycosides. Futher studies may reveal the exact mechanism of action and phytochemical constituents responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50746
Title: Rapid Clonal Multiplication of the Medicinal Legume,Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb
Author: P.Kannan, K.Rajalakhmi, G.Grace Lydial Pushpalatha and G.C.Abraham
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Caesalpinia bonduc, cotyledons, Organogenesis, Medicinal legume
Abstract: Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb, the over exploited and fast depleting medicinal stragglet is regenerated from immature cotyledon and hypocotyl explants through direct organogenesis without an intervening callus phase. Adventitious shoots can be raised from cotyledon and hypocotyls on medium augmented with select concentrations of cytokinins and auxins. Supernumerary shoot production can be achieved in hypocotyl segments on medium with 0.1-2.5 mg/L BA while adventitious shoots can be induced on excised cotyledons on MS medium supplemented with 0.1-3.0 mg/16-benzyladenine (BA). Higher frequency shoot development (85%) with an average of 10.0+ 0.08 shoots sprouted out from de-embryonated excised cotyledons in media fortified with 2.0mg/L BA. The redifferentiated shoots, irrespective of its origin in different explants and cultural history, could be successfully rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with0.5mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Whole plants recovered effectively form this subculture sequence were established successfully in soil to register 70% survival in the field.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50745
Title: Oral Health Status in Students Exposed to Flouride in Drinking Water
Author: A.Shashi, S.Sharma and M.Bhardwaj
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dental fluorosis, Drinking water, Dentrifices
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health status and fluorosis prevalence among the students of Ropana village of Mukatsar district of Punjab, India. The epidemiological survey was conducted on rural school children studying in Government primary and Senior Secondary Schools. A total of 512 subjects (244 boys and 268 girls) aged 5-16 years were examined for dental fluorosis using Deans Index. Clinical examinations were made during class hours. The maximum degree of dental fluorosis varied 10% to 80%. Maximum degree of dental fluorosis was 82.5%among the students in the age group of 12-16 years. 10% had questionable degree of fluorosis, 21.8% had very mild, 19.9% had mild and 13.6% had moderate type of fluorosis while 14.4% had severe degree of fluorosis. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was significantly higher in children who had consumed high fluoride water throughout their lives (5.0 mg/L). Apart fluoride in drinking water, other source of fluoride such as use of fluoridated dentrifices and dietary habits may partly explain the high prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in school children.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50744
Title: Study on Diseases of Giant Freshwater Prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in the rice fields/bheries of West Bengal
Author: G.Dash, S.K.Sahu and S.K.Udgata
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Fresh water prawn, Disease, Parasites, Bheries
Abstract: The study was conducted during December 2005 to May 2006 involving 27 farmers culturing giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), locally known as "golda", in three districts of West Bengal (East Midnapur,North & South 24-Pgs). Based on the results of these studies, a variety of pathogens have been found in larval, juvenile and adult Macrobrachium rosenbergii , including fouling protozoans such as Epistylis, Zoothamnium, Vorticella and pathogenic bacteria such as vibrio, Aeromonal, Pseudomonas, Edwardsiella. These pathogens were isolated from healthy and diseased prawns. Histopathological observations on the affected muscle tissues showed severe necrosis. The muscle fibres of the abdominal region were separated and the section of backened area showed melanization of exoskeleton and muscle underneath.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50743
Title: Autecological Analysis for certain Ecologically Weaker Understorey plants in the Sholas of Nilgiris,The Western Ghats
Author: S.Padmavathy, S.Paulsamy,K.K.Vijayakumar and P. Senthilkumar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Shola herbs, Autecology, Nilgiris, Western Ghats
Abstract: The present autecological studies were carried out to find out the seed out put, survivability rate, germination rate, reproductive capacity, aggressive capacity, biomass allocation and reproductive efficiency for six weakly established species, Acmella calva, Cayratia pedata, Fragaria vesca, Lycianthes bigeminata, Clinopodium umbrosum and Cynoglossum zeylanicum in four sholas at Nilgiris such as Thaishola, Korakundah, Kammand and Kolacombai for a period of one year from April 2003 to March 2004. The fruit types of these species are achene in Acmella calva and Fragaria vesca, berry in Cayratia pedata and Lycianthes bigeminata, verticils in Clinopodium umbrosum and nutlet in Cynoglossum zeylanicum. The seed out put in Cayratia pedata is found to be 3696 per plant. In other species viz., Lycianthes bigeminata,Fragaria vesca, Clinopodium umbrosum and Cynoglossum zeylanicum, it was 2555, 910,176,136 and 38 respectively. The percent survival of seedlings and the germination percentage were generally less than 50% for all the six species. The reproductive and aggressive capacities were also poor expect for the species, Cayratia pedata. The allocation of biomass to reproductive parts and reproductive efficiency were determined to be lower in all the species studied.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50742
Title: Evaluation of Recombinant Leptospiral Antigen LipL41 in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and latex agglutination test for serodiagnosis of Leptospirosis
Author: T.M.A.Senthilkumar, M.Subathra and P. Ramadass
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Latex agglutination test, Outer membrane proteins, rLipL41
Abstract: Prompt laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis infection facilitates patient management and initiation of therapy. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the serological test used in reference laboratories because of its high degree of sensitivity and specificity. But the results are not available quickly for patient management. The phenotypic conservation of the leptospiral outer membrane proteins (OMPs) such as OmpL1 and LipL41 are well established. In the present study, in order to develop a rapid, simple immunodiagnostic assay, one of the OMPs, recombinant LipL41 (rLipL41) has been evaluated in ELISA and latex agglutination test. The sensitivity and specificity of the IgG-ELISA were 82% and 95% and of the latex agglutination test were 98% and 96% respectively. The assays were proved to be as sensitive, specific and accurate as standard MAT. The results indicated that the rLipL41 could be used as a potential diagnostic candidate for human leptospirosis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50741
Title: A Novel Bacteria for Biocontrol and Plasmid Mediated Antibiosis
Author: S.P.Kamala Nalini, P.Saravanan, A.Arumugam and D.Lalithakumari
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Antibiosis, Biological control, phytopathogens, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Plasmid-mediated
Abstract: The present investigation revealed Pseudomonas chlororaphis as a potential biocontrol strain. The pseudomonad inhibited a wide range of phytopathogens, but was non-inhibitory to beneficial soil organisms. The cell free culture filtrate had an inhibitory effect on the radial growth of the test fungi, this antagonistic potential of the pseudomonad was attributed to the production of antibiotics. The aggressive spermosphere and rhizosphere colonization is an additional feature of the bacteria. The bacterial harbored one large plasmid of 140 kb. The 140 kb plasmid was incurable but transferable to plasmid-less strain of Pseudomonas putida DSM 2112 (MTCC) indicating plasmid- mediated antibiosis. Transposon mutagenesis and PCR analysis was done to confirm the role of plasmid in antibiosis. Field trails were done to confirm the potentiality of the bacterium as a novel biocontrol agent using paddy plants as model system.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50740
Title: Impact of Chlorpyrifos on soil enzyme activities in agricultural soil
Author: M.Surekha Rani,K.Vijaya Lakshmi, P.Suvarnalatha Devi, R.Jaya Madhuri, S.Haritha Devi and K.Jyothi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Chlorpyrifos (CPF), Cellulase, Amylase, Protease, Phosphatase, Urease, Dehydrogenase
Abstract: Impact application of different concentrations of Chlorpyrifos (commercial formulation) on activities of soil enzymes like cellulase, amylase, protease, phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase was evaluated in loamy sand soil at different stages of incubation under laboratory conditions and initial suppression of cellulase, amylase, protease was noticed in Chlorpyrifos (CPF) treated soil samples over the control sample, however these enzymes showed recovery tendency around 21st day of incubation. Suppression of phosphatase activity was observed for the entire period of study and progressively decreased with increasing period of incubation. Urease and dehydrogenase activities were found sensitive with increasing concentrations of CPF.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50739
Title: Antimicrobial activity of Curcuma longa L. leaf volatile oil and monoterpene alcohol compounds against skin pathogens
Author: Saptha Jyothi Gerige, D.Muralidhara Rao, G. Mahesh Kumar Yadav and R. Ramanjeneyulu
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Curcuma longa L. Antimicrobial activity, Skin pathogens, Volatile oil, Linalool, 1,8-cineole
Abstract: The volatile oil of Curcuma longa L. leaves shows a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities. The essential oil from the leaves is biologically active which inhibits 96% the growth of the Skin pathogens at the concentration of 250 ?L/mL. The GC-MS analysis of the plant, reported the leaf volatile oil chemical compounds, of which Linalool (0.7%) and 1,8-Cineole (6.5%) are the Monoterpene alcohol compounds. At the concentration of 250 ?L/mL the Monoterpene alcohol compounds inhibits the growth of the skin pathogens at the rate of 74% and 60% respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50738
Title: Physico-Chemical optimization of Tannase production by Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 7162 using Fractional Factorial Statistical Methods
Author: J.Aravind, S.Karthikeyan and Kunthala Jayaraman
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.2, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Tannase- Klebsiella pneumoniae Optimization-Plackett-burman, Response surface methodology
Abstract: Tannase an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing tannins was produced by one of our bacterial isolates from tannery wastes and later identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 7162. Five nutritional parameters (tannic acid,NaNO3 ,K 2 HPO 4 , KCl and MgSO 4. 7H 2 O) and three physical parameters (pH, temperature and agitation) were screened for their effect on increased production of tannase using modeling and design software. Theoretical experimentations of batch mode were considered for fermentor run which resulted in a three fold increase in the tannase production (41.5 U/mL) than the batch studies (14 U/mL) and over all 10 fold increase than non-optimized studies (4U/mL).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None