ID: 50797
Title: Isolation and Preparation of Carriers with Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria
Author: V.Jeyanthi Kumari and B.Victor
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: PSB, THBP, PSRSBI, HA medium
Abstract: An attempt was made to analyse the presence of Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria (PSB) in a rhizosphere soil of paddy field, also their ability to survive in various carrier-based materials, such as compost soil, asj, activated charcoal powder and Gumarabic powder. Rhizosphere soil of Oryza sativa was examined for Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Population (THBP) and Phosphate Solublizing Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Isolates (PSRSBI). Comparing the data of THBP and PSRSBI, they existed an inverse relatioship between them. A total of 25 PSRSBI were charcterized to irs generic level and was principally composed of Pseudomonas sp; Bacillus sp and Micrococcus sp in the order of 48%, 44% and 8% respectively. The two PSRSB namely Pseudomonas sp; Bacillus sp were selected and examined for their ability to survive and multiply in the above said carrier materials as mono and co-cultures. Results inferred that the compost soil support the propagation of the strains more efficiently and were true especially when the mixed cultures were inoculated. The Pseudomonas sp mixed with compost soil carrier showed a marginal increase in it ' s survival when compared with Bacillus sp. The result of ash, when compared with compost soil, the mixed cultures propagated much strongly than the individual inoculums. The charcoal has rendered only marginal increase in the bacterial population. The Gumarabic powder has exhibited a lower level of incorporated organisms, but it was more pronounced on Pseudomonas sp compared to other inoculums.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50796
Title: Studies on Biosurfactant Production by Ochrobactrum anthropi Isolated from Petroleum Contaminated Site
Author: Ranjana Khade and Debjani Dasgupta
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ochrobactrum, Biosurfactant, Emulsification activity, glycolipid, Hydrocarbons,Bioremediation
Abstract: Ochrobactrum anthropi was isolated from oil contaminated soil collected from near an oil refinery in Navi Mumbai, India. It was found to yield biosurfactant optimally in mineral salt medium with 2% glucose and 2% hexadecane added after 18 hours of inoculation. Ammonium nitrate was found to be the best nitrogen source for biosurfactant production. The optimum pH and temperature for biosurfactant production were found to be 6.5 and 30 o C respectively with agitation. Under ideal conditions, 2.5 gL -1 of crude surfactant was obtained after 72 hours. Preliminary chemical characterization revealed the glucolipid nature of biosurfactant which retained its properties during exposure to wide range of temperature, pH values and NaCl concentrations. The surfactant was capable of forming stable emulsions with several aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons indicating its potential in bioremediation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50795
Title: Impact of Long Term Use of Clodinafop Herbicide in Wheat on Soil Microbial Activities
Author: Babita Saini, Sunita Suneja, Kamlesh Kukreja and Sneh Goyal
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Clodinafop herbicide, Basal respiration, Dehydrogenase, Alkaline phosphatase, Green manuring
Abstract: A long term experiment on commonly used herbicides in rice-wheat rotation system had been conducted at Regional Station, karnal. Wheat rhizosphere soil samples of above experiment were collected before and after the application of herbicide during the rabi season of 2005-06 and were analyzed for basal respiration, soil dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity. Basal respiration as indicated by CO2 evolved was slightly more in herbicide treated plots as compared to weedy and weed free control under both green manuring (GM) and without green manuring (WGM) conditions. Later on, with the progress of time after the application of herbicide, small differences were observed in the basal respiration of different treatments. Soil dehydrogenase activity was slightly higher in herbicide treated plots than weedy control under GM conditions at 30 and 60 days after treatment (DAT) while in WGM conditions, activity was significantly less in herbicide treated plots than weedy control. Alkaline phosphatase activity was inhibited by herbicide application at 15 & 30 DAT in GM conditions while in WGM conditions, inhibitory effect was not observed rather enzyme activity of permanent herbicide treated plot was higher than weedy control. Later on, small differences in enzyme activity of different treatments were observed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50794
Title: Fermentation Media for Novel Insecticidal Toxin Producing Bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens
Author: S.B.Lanjewar, M.Musaddiq and N.G.V.Rao
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Media formulation, Photorhabdus luminescens
Abstract: The current and future widespread deployment of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins has generated concern about the rapid development of insect resistance. The activity of Bt protiens has spurred a renewed effort to develop a useful alternative. In recent years, several novel insecticidal proteins have been discovered in Photorhabdus luminescens. The bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceac is a symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis species. Photorhabdus species have been the subject of intense study by agricultural scientists because of the role played by these bacteria in controlling the insect pests. The bacteria during its growth on culture media secrete insecticidal toxin proteins. Considering the ability of Photorhabdus luminescens to grow on cheap agro industrial by- product viz., button mushroom stalks, a media was deviced that supports good growth of Photorhabdus luminescens and was economically sound. The media thus formulated for the production of Photorhabdus luminescens would be good alternative and highly valuable for reducing the production cost of the biopesticide.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50793
Title: Antifungal Activity of Certain Plants on Wet Clothes
Author: A.N.Smrithi and S. Parvathi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Rainy season, dark or greenish spots, fungi, antifungal,clothes
Abstract: During rainy season, when clothes are not properly dried they develop spots. In clothes the spots appear black or greenish black in colour and these spots or mildews were cultered and microscopically examined. It was identified fungi, viz. Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp and Mucor sp. Antifungal activity of Azardirachta indica, Eucalyptus globulus and Nicotiana tabaccum were screened. The antifungal activity was graded based on the zone of inhibition. Among the plants selected petroleum ether extract of A.indica exhibited the maximum growth inhibition, followed by E.globulus and N.tabacum.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50792
Title: Effect of High Fluoride Ingestion on Serum Biochemical Indices in Patients of Skeletal Fluorosis
Author: Shashi . A and Manish Kumar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Albumin, calcium, creatinine, Fluoride, Globulin, Phosphorus, Protein, Uric acid
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of fluorosis and impact of high fluoride ingestion on individuals in three fluoride affected areas of Sangrur District of Punjab state, India. The selected areas have high fluoride in drinking water (2.3 to22.5 mg/L). 103 patients of skeletal fluorosis and 42 age and sex matched controls were selected for study. Age range of the patients was from 20-80 years with the maximum number of cases in the age group of 20-30 years and 50-60 years. Blood samples were collected and serum was analyzed for various biochemical indexed. The level of total proteins, albumin, globulin, albumin / globulin ration in the sera of patients of skeletal fluorosis exhibited significant (p<0.001) decrease as compared to control. However, levels of serum creatinine increased in fluorotic patients indicating disturbances in kidney functions. Serum calcium showed significant decrease in its concentration in fluorotic patients while phosphorus and uric acid revealed increased pattern.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50791
Title: Effect of Herbicides on Biochemical and Physiological Properties of Oscillatoria Laete-Virens
Author: Rahul Shrivastava, Rama Sarkar and Ugam K. Chauhan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Herbicide, Photo system II,Oscillatoria laete-virens, Lipid profile
Abstract: Chemical herbicides which inhibit photo system II used for evaluating growth inhibition of Oscillatorial laete-virens. In each of the herbicides used LC50 for growth and I50 for long term effect on photosynthesis are of similar values. The I50 values against O.laete-virens for atrazine , bentazone, diuron and metribuzin respectively are 48 nM, 6.4 nM, 2 nM and 11 nM which are considerably less than the corresponding concentration for spinach thylakoids.The secondary manifestation of herbicides effect on O. laete-virens is the changes in pigment profiles, phycocyanin concentration increased many fold compared to chlorophyll. The other major change is that the non-polar lipid fractions triglycerides (TAG) is lost and new lipid free cholestrol (Fe) has appeard which could be an indication of herbicide effect.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50790
Title: Antimicrobial Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Indian Propolis (EEIP ' S) Against Human Pathogens
Author: S.Murugan, P.Uma Devi, S.Selvi ,P. Cmnnaswamy and K.R.Mani
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: propolis, Antimicrobial activity, Bacteria, Yeast pathogens : Candida species
Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Indian propolis. The in vitro activity of propolis against Gram positive bacterial Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus mutants, Gram negative bacteria include Eschrichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae; yeast include Candida albicans, Candida cruezi isolated from human infections was studied by the well diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity was tested with 95% Ethanolic Extracts of Indian Propolis (EEIP ' s) against the test microorganisms. Among the bacteria, Gram positive MRSA growth was inhibited at 900 ?g/mL followed by S.mutans, P.aeruginosa, V.cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium, S.typhi, K.pheumoniae all being inhibited at 700 ?g/mL. E.coli was highly susceptible among the tested microorganisms at 600 ?g/mL. Among the yeast strains tested, Candida albicans was inhibited at 700 ?g/mL where as the other strain C.cruzei exhibited high resistance. The relative order of susceptibility among the tested microorganisms was: S.aureus> S.mutans = P.aeruginosa = V.cholerae = Salmonella typhimurium = S. typhi = K. pneumoniae = Candid albicans >E.coli. Our findings confirm the traditional therapeutical claims for Indian propolis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50789
Title: Effect of Spirulina on Carbamazepine Induced Haematological Changes in Rats
Author: Santh Rani Thaakur and Pushpa Kumari .B
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Haematological, Haemoglobin, Erythrocytes, Leucocytes, cabamazepine, anemia
Abstract: Carbamazepine is indicated for tonic clonic seizures and trigeminal neuralgia, however, it has been linked with various blood cell abnormalities. Carbamazepine is known to deplete vital nutrients such as folic acid, vitamin D and biotin. Depletion of nutrients is known to cause adverse effects such as ataxia, nystagmus, lethargy, slurred speech and hematological distrubances. Spirulina is a rich source of vital nutrients including iron. It is proposed to study the effect of spirulina on the hematological disturbances induced by carbamazepine. Seven groups of male albino rats weighing 130 -150 g were used. Each group consists of six animals. Carbamazepine at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day dissolved in water, spirulina 50, 100, 200 mg/kg/day suspended in 1% tween 80 alone or in combination with carbamazepine was administered for 45 days. Haemoglobin content, total leucocyte and erythrocyte count was determined on 45th day.Carbamazepine significantly decreased the hemoglobin content, total erythrocyte and leucocyte count. Spirulina did not show any effect at the lower dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg and higher dose of 200 mg/kg significantly elevated hemoglobin content. Spirulina at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day reversed the carbamazepine induced decrease in hemoglobin content, total erythrocyte and leucocyte count. The results of this study indicate that supplementation of cabamazepine with Spirulina reverses the hematological disturbances induced by cabamazepine.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50788
Title: Responses of Cypermethrin Intoxication-Induced Stress in Haematological Profiles of Mammalian Model Albino Rat
Author: A.Nagarjuna, S.Rajendra Prasad,S. Siraj Mohiyuddin, R. Jaya Kumar, Y. Savithri and P. Jacob Doss
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cypermethrin, Albino rat, Haematology
Abstract: Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid that belongs to a group of insecticides with low mammalian toxicity but high insecticidal activity. On exposure to sublethal doses of cypermethrin the haematological parameters were investigated in different groups of albino rats [single, double and multiple doses (41, 82 and 164 mg/kg body weight)]. The pesticide was administered orally by gavage method with an interval of one day. The results revealed statistically significant decrease of RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, neutrophils and increase of WBC, lymphocytes and monocytes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50787
Title: Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.
Author: S.Vasanti, P.Shrutika and N.D.Grampurohit
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Zingiber cassumunar, antibacterial, antifungal, cup plate method, leaf extract, rhizome extract
Abstract: Water, methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of leaves and rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. were investigated individually for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by cup plate (well diffusion) method against nine bacterial and two fungal pathogenic cultures. Methanolic, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of the rhizome showed promising antibacterial and antifungal activities. Petroleum ether extract of rhizomes was found to be the most potent. Methanolic, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of leaves showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities against the test microorganisms. Aqueous extracts of rhizome and leaves did not show any antimicrobial activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50786
Title: Occurrence of Euglenoid Red Bloom in Uttanahalli Lake Water Of Mysore, Karnataka State, India
Author: B.N.Nagarathna and S.Leelavathi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Euglenoid red bloom, Uttanahalli Lake, Pollution , physico chemical characteristics
Abstract: Two years successive study (1998-2000) on Uttanahalli Lake, situated in Mysore, Karnataka State have been made. Occurrence of Euglenoid red bloom was noticed in Uttanahalli Lake , found in the margin of lake water during summer, March 2000. The bloom was condined to upper surface of the lake water. Physico-chemical characteristics of the lake water at the bloom site analysed. Physico-chemical factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, oxidisable matter: calcium, sodium, potassium, nitrates and phosphates showed maximum concentration at the bloom site. Apart from these factors high intervention of human activities in the particular month increasing the nutrients status of the lake was responsible for the formation of Euglenoid bloom. A total of 34 species of Euglenoid were recorded from the water body at the time of bloom.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50785
Title: Antibacterial activity of Mucuna pruriens against Enteric Pathogens
Author: V.G.Vidhya, M.Ramya, R.I. Monica Anita, S. Rajeshwari, K. Balaji and Anusha Bhaskar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mucuna pruriens, Antibacterial activity
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of Mucuna pruriens extracts were tested on enteric pathogens by disc diffusion method. The ethanol extract showed good antimicrobial activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration of M. pruriens extracts was determined by tube dilution technique against different microbes. These results indicate that Mucuna pruriens possess potent antimicrobial activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50784
Title: Study of Efficiency of Pasteurization Process of Pasteurized Milk received in Aurangabad City
Author: Madhuri Sahasrabudhe and Nilima Wahegaonkar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pasteurized milk, PCT, Phosphatase test
Abstract: Fifteen pasteurized milk samples of different brands received in Aurangabad city were collected. These milk samples were screened for the presence of phosphatase enzyme as well as for the presence of coliforms. Eighty percent of the samples showed negative phosphatase test and the remaining samples gave positive test. Almost all the samples showed presence of coliforms. The present study indicates inadequate pasteurization and improper handling and storage of the milk.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50783
Title: Bioremediation of Pesticide (Endosulfan) Contaminated Soils
Author: R. Jayashree and N. Vasudevan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.3, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Endosulfan, pesticide pollution, organochlorines, soil contamination
Abstract: Endosulfan, a member of chlorinated insecticide, is widely used in the Indian sub-continent. Commercial endosulfan is a mixture of two isomers namely alpha and beta endosulfan at 7:3 ration with a vapour pressure of 9 x 10 -3 mm Hg. Endosulfan and its break products are persistent in the environment with an estimated half-life of 9 months to 6 years. Endosulfan has been ubiquitously detected in atmospher, soil, sediments and ground waters. Endosulfan affects the central nervous system , kidney, liver, blood chemistry and parathyroid gland and has reproductive tetragenic and mutagenic effects. Environmental issues are of increasing concern and research is now being directed to know the level of contamination and application of innovative technology to ameliorate the effects of pesticide pollution. Bioremediation which involves degradation of target chemicals by indigenous or added microbial cell is used to clean up sites contaminated by pollutants. This paper reviews the studies on bioremediation of soil and water contaminated with endosulfan residues.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None