ID: 50857
Title: Selenium accumulation in Cyamopsis psorilioides (L.Wilzeck) by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer and its effect on chlorophyll content
Author: Neeta S.Patil and Sudha A. Sawant
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Selenium accumulation, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP - AES)
Abstract: Comparative study of different concentrations of selenium with respect to its effect on growth of Cyamopsis psorilioides (L.Wilzeck) was conductec. In the present study plants were treated with different concentrations of selenium in the form of sodium selenate, in three different soil cultures and vermiculite. Selenium concentration above 100 ppm inhibited the growth of plants, so the threshold doses were 0-100ppm taken.The aim was to study the physiological responses of the plants in terms of selenium accumulation and chlorophyll content of the plants at different concentrations. Selenium accumulation was studied by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-AES). Results indicated that plants treated with 80ppm and 100ppm selenium doses accumulate more selenium. Plants treated with 80ppm and 100ppm of selenium showed notable decrease in chlorophyll content as compared to lower concentrations and control. It was further found that 80ppm and 100ppm concentration of selenium inhibited the flowering and fruiting process. As a result, increased selenium supply to the soil could imbalance the nutrition uptake and inhibit the growth of plants. On the other hand minimal concentration of selenium didn ' t show any ill effects.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50856
Title: Evaluation of microbiological quality of vendors ' milk sold in Ajmer City, Rajasthan, India
Author: Bharti Jain, Ritu Mathur and Madhu Singhvi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Methylene blue reduction test time (MBRT time), Titrable acidity, Standard plate count and coliform count
Abstract: The present study was aimed to assess the microbiological quality of vendors ' mild sold in Ajmer city. Fifty raw mild samples were collected from five different colonies of Ajmer. Various tests were performed to study the keeping and hygienic quality of milk. Data of methylene blue reduction test revealed that none of the samples were in the categories of good and fair while 86 percent samples were in the very poor category and only 14 percent in the poor category. When milk was graded according to Titrable acidity it was found that 90 percent samples fulfilled the PFA standards. Study of Standard Plate Count revealed that 94 percent milk samples were categorised as poor, 69 percent fair and none in the good or very good category. Data of Coliform Tests revealed that none of the samples were in the category of satisfactory range. Significant negative correlations were found in case of Standard Plate Count and Coliform Count with respect to Methylene Blue Reduction Test. Microbiological tests revealed that keeping and hygienic quality of vendors ' milk supplied in Ajmer is of poor quality.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50855
Title: The pathogenesis of experimental aflatoxicosis on protein and DNA content of liver in broilers
Author: P.J.R.Nathanael and V.V.Vardhani
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Aspergillus species, Aspergillus flavus, Protein and DNA content
Abstract: In recent years, Aspergillus species, particularly Aspergillus flavus, has been increasingly recognized in infections and hypersensitivity diseases in man and broilers. The clinical symptoms of these diseases are dependent upon the immunological status of the subject. Few reports are available in the literature on the pathogenicity of Aspergillus species to different laboratory animals such as mice, rats,rabbits and broilers. The present study was designed to study the protein and DNA content in the liver of broilers infected with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Four groups, (A,B,Cand D) of broilers were infected with various doses of AFB1 orally. Animals were sacrificed at 1,3,8 and 11 days of infection and their organs (liver) were removed. The organs were weighed, homogenized and tissue samples were used for the estimation of proteins and DNA. The results clearly demonstrates that aflatoxicosis is able to induce varied changes in the content of proteins and DNA (in liver) in all the experimental groups of broilers though out the infection period.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50854
Title: A Study on Phenol degradation by Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens
Author: M.V.V.Chandana Lakshmi, M.P.Kusuma and V.Sridevi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Phenol, Biodegradation, P.putida, P.flourescens, Batch Reactor
Abstract: Phenolic compounds are hazardous pollutants and they enter the environment through wastewater discharges from a variety of industries. As a consequence, it is necessary to reduce phenolic concentration of industrial effluents. Biological method of reducing phenolic content is more economical than that by physico-chemical methods. In the present study phenol biodegradation in a batch reactor using the pure culture of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens was attempted. The main objective of this work is to determine the kinetics of phenol biodegradation by measuring the biomass growth rate and phenol concentration as a function of time in a batch reactor. The kinetic constants, specific growth rate (?max ),inhibition coefficient for phenol (Ki ) and half saturation coefficient for phenol (Ki ) were determined using Haldane equation. The length of the lag phase before the exponential growth phase increased linearly with the increase in the concentration of phenol.P.putida showed a greater value of specific growth rate than P.fluorescens. Therefore, selection of pure culture of P.putida could lead to higher efficiencies of phenol degradation than P.flulorescens.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50853
Title: Mechanism of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Author: Nilima Lankeshwar and U.S. Bagde
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Ciprofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Resistance, Plasmid, Elimination
Abstract: The emergence of drug resistant bacteria is posing a major problem in antimicrobial therapy. The frequency varies with the organism and the drug used. If treatment with drug kills 99% of the bacteria, the remainig 1% will breed a new generation of germs that will not be affected by the particular drug. They will probably pass that resistance on to bacteria of other species. A possible mechanism of resistance to Ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus was studied. The growth of sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was completely inhibited at 0.5?g/mL of Ciprofloxacin and 1?g/mL concentration of Sparfloxacin, while the resistant strain tolerated even 5 ?g/mL of Ciprofloxacin and 50 ?g/mL concentration of Sparfloxacin. Mechanism of resistance was found to be the presence of plasmid. Plasmid was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Plasmid curing was successful with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment. All colonies on plate after SDS treatment were tested for drug resistance on nutrient agar containing different concentrations of drugs.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50852
Title: Survey of pesticide use by farmers in Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh states of India
Author: Reeta Dwivedi and Mini Sheth
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pesticide, Knowledge, Protective devices , Illness
Abstract: Owing to the fact that the farmer ' s community is less literate and does not receive any formal training in handling of hazardous pesicides, there is a need to undertake a situational analysis of the farmers who handle these dangerous pesticides in day-to-day life. Therefore, the present investigation was envisaged to assess knowledge, attitude, use of protective devices and identification of ill effects due to pesticide use in 240 farmers of 8 centres of Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh. The results revealed that most of the farmers had high level of knowledge on the trade name of pesticide, but little was known about the dose of pesticide to be sprayed. Few knew about precautions, handling and storage practices of pesticides.On the whole, 69.59 percent of farmers took no precautionary measures during the use of pesticides.Majority of the farmers (46.19 percent) had at least two symptoms of illness due to pesticide use. Greater attention neeks to be given by the Government authorities, radio and T.V. media in imparting training towards safe application methods.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50851
Title: Antimicrobial activity of ' Karakatshringi ' A crude Indian Ayurvedic Product
Author: P.S. Parmar, A.R.Deshpande and Mohd.Musaddiq
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Karkatshringi, Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity
Abstract: ' Karakatshringi ' is a plant based product which has medicinal importance in Ayurveda. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of this crude ayurvedic drug were tested in the present study. Extracts of Karakatshringi powder were prepared in acetone, 90% methanol, petroleum ether and water. These extracts were tested for the antibacterial activity against standard cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium. Acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited activity against S.aureus, B.cereus, B.subtilis and P.vulgaris. Acetone and aqueous extracts were also active against Salmonella typhimurium. The extracts were tested for the presence of antifungal activity against Candida albicus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Fusarium oxysporum. Acetone and 90% methanol extracts showed activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Fusarium oxysporum.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50850
Title: Anti-Ulcer effect of Coldenia procumbens L.against gastric ulcer
Author: S.Nethaji, N.Thajuddin and C.Manoharan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ulcer, Coldenia procumbens,Pylorus ligation, Ulcer index, Free and total acidity
Abstract: The ethanolic extract of Coldenia procumbens leaf and root were evaluated for its anti-ulcer activity against pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer (antisecretory) in albino rats. We found that C.procumbens extract at a dose of 100 mg//kg p.o. markedly decrease the incidence of ulcers. Both leaf and root extracts of C. procumbens showed significant reduction in gastric volume, free and total acidity and ulcer index. The plant extracts possess significant gastro protective activity as compared with standard drug.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50849
Title: Effect of salts on Rhizobium strains nodulating Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.)
Author: E.Prabhavathi and K.V.Mallaiah
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Salinity, Salt tolerance, Inorganic salts, Saline soils
Abstract: The Rhizobium strains associated with Macrotyloma uniflorum were found to be highly salt tolerant. Hence , the effect of other common inorganic salts on the growth of these rhizobia was also studied. These rhizobial strains showed tolerance to calcium chloride and sodium sulphate up to 1M.Potassium carbonate was tolerated by these strains at 0.5M.Calcium carbonate, magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride were found to be beneficial to the growth of all strains even at 1.5M concentration. These Rhizobium strains can be used to improve the cultivation of legumes in saline soils.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50848
Title: Studies on the effect of zinc stress on growth parameters of Triticum aestivum variety (Lok -1)
Author: Rashmi Varma
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Triticum aestivum, growth , zinc sulphate, chlorophyll content
Abstract: The effect of various concentrations of zinc as Zinc sulphate on the growth parameters and chlorophyll content of Triticum aestivum were studied. It is evident that the lower concetration of zinc proved to be beneficial to wheat with respect to all the parameters studied. Higher yield of wheat was obtained when 5mg/ gm-1 was applied. As the zinc concetration in the soil were increased beyond 25 mg /gm-1 decreases in various parameters occured. Higher concentration of zinc had toxic effect on the growth and yield production of wheat. The average of grain per ear was maximum in 5 mgm/gm-1concentration of zinc and no of grains was 38.67. Quality of the grains was also effected with the very low and very high concentration of zinc. In higher conc. of zinc no. of grains was decreased to zero and qualilty of grain was also poor.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50847
Title: Biomonitoring of trace elements in some selected aquatic macrophytes with reference to lake contamination: A case study of Pariyej community Reserve, Gujarat, India
Author: J.I.Nirmal Kumar, Hiren Soni , Rita N.Kumar and Ira Bhatt
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Medicinal plants
Abstract: A biomonitoring study was carried out at Pariyej reservoir, an internationally important wetland listed in Asian Directory of Wetlands, designed as a "Wetland of National Importance" and a proposed community reserve of Gujarat State, India, to ascertain the degree of trace element contamination. The study focused on assessment of trace element contamination in certain aquatic macrophytes used as biomonitors, in comparison with water and sediments (abiotic monitor) for heavy metal pollution. Good information was provided by analyzing the roots, stems and leaves of native aquatic plants (biomonitors) represented by seven species: Eichhornia crassipes, (Mart.) Solms, Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., Nelumbo nucifera Gaerth., Typha anfustata Bory & Chaub and Vallisneria spiralis L. alongwith surface sediments and water, were analyzed for Cd, Co, Cu, Ni,Pb and Zn contamination. The highest concentration of the trace elements was measured in Nelumbo nucifera and the lowest in Echinochloa colonum. Based on the concentration and toxicity status observed in the lake ' s vegetation, the six metals are arranged in the following decreasing order: Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Co>Cd. Compared with the standard, normal and critical toxicity range in plants, the detected values of Cd and Pb falls within normal range, while that of Co and Ni was within the critical range. However, Zn and Cu showed the highest concentration with alarming toxicity levels, which are considered as one of the most hazardous pollutants in Pariyej reservoir. Certain species of aquatic macrophytes are also proposed as biomonitors (and /or biofilters/absorbers) such as Typha angustata and Ipomoea aquatica, which are the two most useful plant species in biomonitoring studies due to their ability to accumulate elements in high concentration in the roots.The results showed the significant difference in accumulation of metals like Zn, Cu and Pb in different plant organs, which showed more accumulation in roots than that of stems and leaves.High positive correlation between combinations of different metal pairs in plant ' s root, stem or leaf system was established.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50846
Title: Survey of AM Fungi on medicinal plants in and around Acharya Nagarjuna University, India
Author: V.L.Swapna, K.Sunil Babu and K.Ammani
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Medicinal plants
Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi association of medicinal plants from Acharya Nagarjuna University,Numbur was examined in fifty medicinal plants. All the plants were colonized by AM fungi having colonization levels ranging from 6% to 72.6% of root length. The spore numbers in the soil ranged between 9 to 215 spores/100g of soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50845
Title: Phagocytic activation of a Luminol -Dependent Chemiluminescence in Caprine macrophages and B cells
Author: M.Ananda Chitra and G.C.Ram
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Bacteria & yeast, Caprine antigen presenting cells, Chemiluminescence,Phagocytosis
Abstract: The quantitative luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) assay was used to assess the endocytic capacity of caprine M? and B cells, using various stimuli. M? was potent producer of oxidative burst to all stimule and B cells had wead endocytic capacity. Zymosan induced greater LDCL response followed by M.paratuberculosis, S.aureus and SRBC. Antigen presenting cells generated LDCL response was greater to live organisms than killed organisms. M.paratuberculosis induced LDCL more potently than S.aureus. Colchicine caused a stastistically significant (p<0.05) inhibition of endocytosis but it did not completely abrogate the endocytic process.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50844
Title: Pectin Methyl Esterase (PME) production by six Fruit rot fungi
Author: Aruri Suryam and M.A.Singara Charya
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pectin, PME, Fruit rot fungi, Fruit Juice Technology
Abstract: Pectins are very complex polysaccharides found in primary and middle lamella of the fruits and vegetables. Pectin Methyl Esterase (E.C.3.1 1.11) breaks the pectin by hydrolysis and generates Poly Galacturonic Acid (PGA) and methanol. PME activity was estimated in pectin supplemented Asthana and Hawker ' s broth for in vitro and fruits like Grapes, Sapota, Mango, Apples and Tomatoes for in vivo studies.Six fruit rot fungi viz., Rhizoctonia solani, Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus stolanifer, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus flavus and A.niger were tried to estimate the PME in vivo and in vitro. Aspergillus niger and A.flavus produced higher PME after 14th day of incubation period and both these species are responsible for higher PME after 4th day of incubation period in grape juice extract, and hence, can be used in fruit juice technology.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50843
Title: Isolation of good quality RNA from the woody species Casuarina equisetifolia
Author: P.K.Satheeshkumar, V. Murugiah and Aditya K.Gupta
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Casuarina equisetifolia, RNA extraction, Reverse transcription, RAPD-PCR
Abstract: Casuarina equisetifolia belongs to the family of Casuarinaceae. It possesses many unique characters like tolerance to saline salt, temperature, drought etc. To evaluate the gene pool of these plants, there should be an efficient RNA extraction protocol, which can give good quality RNA. In our trails we have experienced that many of the published protocols for RNA extraction in woody plants failed to yield good quality RNA. Therefore we have developed a protocol to isolate RNA from the secondary branches/ needles and callus of this tree species. The protocol decribed here is simple, fast, effective and cheap using very common lab chemicals. The RNA extracted was of very good quality with an average A260/280
value of 1.8. The amount of RNA obtained was also found to be as high as 25-30 ?g/100mg of tissue. Reverse transcription was done using this RNA sample and the cDNA obtained was found to be useful in RAPD-PCR experiments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None