ID: 50872
Title: Antimicrobial activity in the coelomic fluid of the earth worm Eudrilus eugeniae
Author: P.K.Ramasamy, R.Jeyaraaj, Indira A.Jeyaraaj and S.Sridevi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Coelomic fluid, Eudrilus eugeniae, Antibacterial activity
Abstract: The coelomic fluid of the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, was extracted and tested for its antibacterial activity.It was tested against two gram-negative strains bacteria namely of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and two gram-positive strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus megaterium. The coelomic fluid of E. eugeniae showed the maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus among all the bacterial strain tested.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50871
Title: Emerging food borne pathogens - A Review
Author: P.Sahota, S.Jairath, G.Pandove and M.Krishan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Emerging, food, pathogens, Foodborne, Infections, E.coli O157:H7
Abstract: Emerging, re-emerging or droug resistant infections are zoonotic and habe recently appeared in a population; have extended to new vehicles of transmission; have started to increase rapidly, in incidence or geographic range; have various cause (e.g. ecological, environmental, food production or demographic factors); and have been widespread for many years but only recently identified because of new or increased knowledge or methods of identification and analysis of the disease agent. The broad spectrum of foodborne infections has changed dramatically over time, as well-established pathogens have been controlled or eliminated and new ones have emerged. Emergence is due to increased susceptibility to infectious disease, antimicrobial resistance, immunocompromised host, marked changes in dietary habits, genetic variation in microorganisms and the recognition of chronic sequelae of foodborne infections. Emerging pathogens include E.coli O157:H7, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridium botulinum, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Vibrio vulnificus. E.coli O157:H7 qualifies to be the most serious zoonotic known foodborne pathogen due to its low infectious dose and release of Shiga toxin (Stx). This paper review a thorough understanding of emerging foodborne pathogens and risk associated with them and thus necessitates the need to raise public awareness to control foodborne pathogens.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50870
Title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations of plants growing in soils polluted with paper mill effluents
Author: D.Chanda and D.K.Jha
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Heavy metals, phytoremediation, Glomus, paper mill effluents
Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance plant tolerance to a variety of stresses such as nutrient, drought, salinity and heavy metals. A study was undertaken to assess the influence of paper mill effluents on mycorrhizal colonization and endogonaceous spore population. Plants growing on polluted soil were less mycotrophic than their counterparts on the nonpolluted one. Glomus was the most frequently isolated mycorrhizal species from the polluted soil. The study highlights the possible use of mycorrhizal fungi as bioremediation agent of polluted soils and as bio-indicator of pollution for future research priorities.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50869
Title: Effect of mint and tea infusions on the antioxidant capacity of preeclamptic endothelial cells
Author: Padmini Ekambaram, Usha Rani Munuswamy and Lavanya Srinivasan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Preeclampsia, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Lipid peroxidation, Total antioxidant capacity, Herbal remedy
Abstract: Antioxidant defenses appear to be depleted during preeclampsia due to oxidative stress. Various alternative medicines are employed to increase the endogenous antioxidant level. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of mint and tea infusions on the antioxidant capacity of endothelial cells prepared from placenta of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. The lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and the glutathione redox ration (GRR) were measured in the endothelial cells before and after incubation with tea, mint and tea enriched with mint extracts. LPO levels were increased; SOD and catalase activities,GRR and TAC levels were decreased significantly in preeclamptic condition.However, the condition reverted with a decrease in LPO levels and increase in antioxidant enzymes activities , GRR and TAC upon incubation of endothelial cells with tea, mint and mint tea extracts. Our study results suggest the protective effect of plant extracts against oxidative stress. Since treatment of the disease like preclampsia with modern medicine is often associated with serious side effects that affect both mother and fetus, antioxidant potential rich mint tea extracts can be recommended as an alternative herbal remedy for such patients.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50868
Title: Impact of traditional method of salt production on the visual organs of the Saltpan workers in Thoorhukudi area
Author: A.Amutha Jaisheeba , R.Sornaraj and A.J.A.Ranjit Singh
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Saltpan, Saltpan environment, Questionnaire, Long sight, Short sight, Eye irritation, Reddening of eye, Cataract
Abstract: A study was carried out to assess the occupational hazards created by the traditional method of salt prodiction and saltpan environment on the saltpan workers of Thoothukudi area. The study mainly focused its attention on the impact of saltpan environment on the functioning of the vital sense organ, the eye. The various hazardous impacts were assessed by direct interview with the workers by giving questionnaire and with the help of the screening test conducted by an opthalmologist. Totally 490 subjects were turned up to the study. The major disorders observed were eye irritation, cataract, reddening of eye, conjunctivitis, long sight and short sight. As far as the general eye disorders are concerned about 56% of the workers were affected. Among the affected about 41.8% were affected by short sight and only 4% were affected by long sight. About 21% of the individuals were developed cataract in their eye. The study concluded that the entirely different and extreme environment in the saltpan could be tha reason for the large percentage of eye disorders among the workers. Even today the age old traditional method of salt production is followed, which is crude one, providing no protection bo the workers resulted in occupational illness.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50867
Title: Mechanism of Zinc resistance in Shigella dysenteriae
Author: Nilima Lankeshwar and U.S. Bagde
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Shigella dysenteriae, Resistance, Zinc, Plasmid, SDS
Abstract: In traditional medicine, great emphasis is laid on the process of detoxification of metals and other inorganics. In the process of Shodhana, these purified metals are further processed in various herbal juices and increnated 100 times to ger the final product (WWW.ayurvedas .com). Chinese material medica that was written 2735 B.C. contained many plant and metallic preparations and few animal products. Other studies by Chinese and Japanese investigators have shown a role between herbal preparations containing zinc and reduced symptoms of fatigue and related conditions. Increasing environmental concentrations of heavy metals pose a challenge to bacteria. In present investigation possible mechanism of zinc (Zn) resistance in Shigella dysenteriae, was studied. While the growth of sensitive Shigella dysenteriae was completely inhibited at 1mM/mL concetration of zinc, the resistant strain tolerated even 40mM/mL concetration of zinc. Mechanism of resistance was found to be presence of plasmid. Plasmid was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Plasmid curing was successful with 2-10% Sodium dodesyl sulfate (SDS) treatment. All colonies on plate after SDS treatment were tested for zinc resistance on nutrient agar containing different concetrations of zinc. It was observed that after SDS treatment zinc resistant Shigella dysenteriae cells got converted to zinc sensitive cells.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50866
Title: Biofitration of Toluene and Xylene emissions using Scedosporium apiospermum
Author: V.Saravanan and N.Rajamohan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Toluene, Xyene, Biofiltration, Scedosporium apiospermum
Abstract: In the present study, experiments are carried out for gaseous toluene and xylene removal using pure strain. The biofiltration is carried out at different gas flow rate of higher and lower orders and at different inlet toluene and xylene gas concentrations. The investigations are aimed to study the toluene and xylene elimination capacity of the biofilm binding in scedosporium apiospermum. A coconut fiber was selected as a packing material for the development of biofilter. A maximum of 92% toluene removal was achieved at an inlet gas concentration of 0.1 gm-3 with gas flow rate of 0.15 m3h-1. For xylene maximum of 88% removal efficiency was achieved at an inlet gas concentration of 0.1gm-3 with gas flow rate of 0.12 m3h-1. A biofilm model incorporating zero-order kinetics was applied to interpret and characterize the process microkinetics. Theoretical total biofilm thickness and distribution coefficient for toluene and xylene were calculated for both high and low concentrations and gas flow rate, the system performance was well described by a diffusion model.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50865
Title: Role of Herbal toxin binders in counteracting the effects of Aflatoxin on the Serum Glutamate Oxalate transferase levels of breeding Japenese Quails (Coturix coturix japonica)
Author: R.Kungumapriya and K.Revathi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mycotoxins, Aflatoxicosis, Azadirachta indica, Cynodon dactylon, Curcuma longa, Japenese quail , Poultry feed
Abstract: Mycotoxins play a global role in human and animal health. Aflatoxins cause malperformance, metabolic disorders and pathologic alterations in different species of poultry. Various species of poultry differ in susceptibility to acute and sub-acute aflatoxicosis. This work was carried out to study the role of locally available herbal plant extracts as Azardirachta indica, Cynodon dactylon and Curcuma longa in counteracting the effects of experimental aflatoxicosis in laying Japenese quail by feeding them with diets containing aflatoxin at 1.5 and 3 ppm levels for a period of six weeks.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50864
Title: Study on the efficiency of Caprine macrophages and B cells in the generation of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes
Author: M.Anand Chitra and G.C.Ram
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Goat, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, B cells, Macrophages, S.aureus, M.paratuberculosis, Tetanus toxoid
Abstract: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes activity in culture containing caprine macropages (M?) and B cells were assessed in this study. Antigen pulsed autologous macrophages and B cells were used as target cells and cytotoxicity was assessed by MIT colorimetric assay, fluorescentdyemix and DNA quantitation assays for apoptosis. M.paratuberculosis pulsed M? and B cells were subjected to higher cytotoxicity than S.aureus or tetanus toxoid (TT) pulsed with M? and B cells. Cytolytic activity against S.aureus pulsed M? was greater than S.aureus pulsed B cells. Macrophages showed higher cytotoxicity in the antigen pulsed culture than B cells culture. Cytotoxicity against TT primed culture was lesser than against particulate antigen primed culture. This may be due to the effect of alum adjuvant used to sensitize the goat with TT.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50863
Title: Antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sanctum extracts on common human pathogens
Author: R.D.Kamble and A.M.Deshmukh
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, Antimicrobial activity, Inhibitory effect
Abstract: The invitro antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf and roots extracts were studied against Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2010), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM 2602), Escherichia coli (NCIM 2666), Proteus vulgaris (NCIM 2027) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (NCIM 2082). The methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of Ocimum sanctum showed high activity as compared to aqueous extracts against all the tested bacteria. These results were compared with the zones of inhibition produced by commercially available standard antibiotics. The inhibitory effects of extracts are very close and identical in magnitude and are comparable with the standard antibiotics used.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50862
Title: Individual and combined effect of Thymol, Carvacrol and D.hamiltonii root extract on the growth of A.parasiticus and F.moniliforme
Author: K.Ramaswamy
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Toxigenic fungi, Essential oil components, Plant root extract, Fungicide, Antifungal activity, Inhibition zone.
Abstract: In vitro antifungal activity was carried out using two essential oils and a root extract of D.hamiltonii in comparison with standard fungicide carbendazin (CBZ). Of the three methods tested, broth dilution and agar diffusion assays have shown greater inhibitory action than volatility assay. A.parasiticus is more sensitive than F.moniliforme. Individual treatment with 300ppm of D.hamiltonii root extract and combined treatment of thymol and carvacrol has resulted 100% reduction in dry weight, which was comparable to fungicide standard. The results obtained here indicate that root extract of D.hamiltonii could provide potential alternatives to chemical/ or synthetic fungicides and plant essential oils in inhibiting toxigenic fungi. However, no additive or synergistic activity was noticed when plant root extract was combined either with thymol or carvacrol.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50861
Title: Vermicomposting of some terrestrial weeds using Perionyx excavatus earthworms
Author: A.K.Sannigrahi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Perionyx excavatus earthworms, Terrestrial weeds, Vermicomposting
Abstract: Twelve terrestrial weeds ( three annuals such as Triumfetta rhomboidea, Chenopodium album, Leucas lavandulaefolia and nine perennials such as Ipomoea sepiaria, Cynodon dactylon, Eupatorium oderatum, Mikania cordata, Clerodendrum infortunatum, Saccharum spontaneum, Cyperus rotundus , Parthenium hysterophorus, Imperata cylindrica were converted to vermicomposts after mixing with cow dung in weight wise 1:2 ratio (weeds :cow dung) and using Perionyx excavatus earthworms. Soil natured annuals and perennials took 1 to 1.5 months while leaves of shrub type weeds and perennial grasses took 2 to 4 months for complete vermicomposting. Chemical analysis showed that total nutrient contents of different vermicomposts varied with the variation in weed substrates. These vermicomposts contained about 0.8 to 1.4% N, 0.2 to 0.9% P, 1.2 to 2.7 %K, 1.0 to 1.9% Na, 0.2 to 1.6% Ca and 0.4 to 1.1% S. The experiment indicated that instead of burning, terrestrial weeds should be used as resource materials for production of good quality vermicompost and applied to cultivated field for crop production.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50860
Title: Production of xylanase by white rot fungi on wheat straw
Author: M.P.Singh, Vivek K.Pandey, Ashwini K.Pandey, Abhishek K.Srivastava, Naveen K. Vishwakarma and Vinay K.Singh
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Xylanase, white rot fungus, Pleurotus species, wheat straw
Abstract: Six species of white rot fungi i.e. Pleurotus citrinopileatus, P.flabellatus, P.florida, P.ostreatus and P.sajor-caju were grown on wheat straw under in vitro as well as in vivo condition. Maximum activity of xylanase (3.2.1.8) under in viteo condition was observed on the 10th day of incubation by P.eryngii (23.33 Uh-1 mL-1 ) followed by P.citrinopileatus (20.88 Uh-1 mL-1 ) and P.ostreatus (13.33 Uh-1 mL-1) on the 15th day. After 15th day there was decrease in the enzyme activities till the end of the experiment. Under in vivo condition also P.eryngii showed maximum xylanase activity on hot water treatment (21.88 Uh-1 mL-1 ) as well as chemically treated (12.64 Uh-1 mL-1) wheat straw. Hot water treated substrate supported better production of the enzyme than chemically treated substrate.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50859
Title: Evaluation of anti microbial activity of Samanea saman leaves
Author: R.Naveen Prasad, S.Viswanathan, J.Renuka Devi, Vijayashree Nayak, N.Parathasarathy and Johanna Rajkumar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Samanea saman, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, C.albicans,Disc-diffusion, Chi-Square test
Abstract: Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Samanea saman was investigated by Disc-Diffusion method against three organisms viz.,Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Pencillin, Streptomycin and Chloramphenicol were used as controls. The growth of all the organisms was found to be inhibited by the plant extract. The inhibition was found to be concentration dependent. 10mg/mL concentration inhibited E.coli and C.albicans while 25 mg/mL was necessary to show inhibition against S.aureus. A chi-square test was performed on the data and a level of 10% significance was obtained. This study shows that the extract has an antimicrobial activity as that of the commercial antibiotics. Thus the plant can be used as a remedy for the tested pathogenic infections.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50858
Title: Perspectives and applications of anticancer enzyme L-asparaginase
Author: M.Muthusivaramapandian, S.Arrivukkarasan, R.Aravindan and T.Viruthagiri
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2008
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.10, No.4, 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: L-asparaginase, L-Asparagine ,Cancer treatment
Abstract: Cancer, an incurable disease that causes about 22.8% of all deaths remains as a challenging one for the scientists. It is very obvious that we were in the critic position to search for new drugs that have very low side effects with very high activity against cancerous cells. In such an emergency we were supposed to turn over to the natural drugs, the Biomolecules especially the enzymes for curing such drastic diseases. L-Asparaginase is a therapeutic enzyme against the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and has been produced from various sources that could be used as a drug against ALL after proper modification or immobilization. The quench for Eukaryotic microorganisms that may produce minimal side effects with high activity could yield enzyme to our expectations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None