ID: 50902
Title: Isolation of xylanolytic fungi from various soil samples in and around Tamil Nadu
Author: V.Sashi and N.S.Malathy
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Xylan, Hemicellulose, Soil samples, Microorganisms
Abstract: Xylanase depolymerises xylan, a major component of hemi cellulose in plant cell walls. Xylan accounts for one third of all renewable organic carbon on earth. The main commercial use of xylanase is biobleaching of paper and pulp due to main bleach boosting properties. Filamentous fungi are particularly interesting producers of xylanase, since they excrete the enzymes into the medium and their enzyme levels are much higher than those of yeast and bacteria. An extensive study was conducted to isolate a number of fungal species from nine different soil samples. Eighty-two isolates were made and identified. They belong to fourty nine fungal species and sixteen genera.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50901
Title: Effects of different substrates on Xylitol production by Candida parapsilopis and Candida tropicalis
Author: T.Thinesh, R.Kirutheeswari and T.Sivarama Krishnan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Sabarmati river, Microbiological characters
Abstract: Xylitol production by Candida tropicalis and C.parapsilopis in different substrates (Rice straw and Eichhornia) with different concentration (30, 50 and 70) were analyzed. Rice straw hydrolysate and Eichhornia hydrolysate has been assayed for xylitol production. Our results revealed that Candida tropicalis and Candida parpsilopsis both strains has Xylitol accumulating ablity. 78.1% and 58.1% of xylithol was produced from the production media p1 containing 10% Xylose by C.tropicalis and C.parapsilopsis respectively. 55.9% adn 41.8 of Xylitol was produced from the production medium p11 containing 70% straw hydrolysate C.tropicalis and C.parapsilopsis respectively. 55.9% and 85.3% of xylitol was produced from the production medium p111 containing 70% hydrolysate by Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilopsis respectively. The result shows that Candida tropicalis was the better Xylitol producer compared to Candida sp. Eicchornia hydrolysate is the better substrate for Xylitol production than other substrates.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50900
Title: Microbiological assessment of Sabarmati river water and riverian sediments collected form Gandhinagar to Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Author: S.D.Vediya and Anil Kumar Shrivastava
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Sabarmati river, Microbiological characters
Abstract: Clean water to drink, pure air to breath and natural soil to live are the universal demands of man as their birthright. With the passage of the time human beings are deprived of this right. Population explosion, industrialization, urbanization, intensive agriculture and many other activities of humans are polluting atmospere in such a way that if the present trend continues, the earth will be rendered unstable for living of the human beings in the near future. Flowering water of Sabarmati river in certain areas received thousands of people a year who swim, sunbath, surf and practice other leisure activities. Major efforts to improve the microbiological quality of bathing waters are being made in many countries. Regulations regarding water quality had led to improvement in the microbiological quality of waters and to a reduction in the incidence of waterborne diseases related to recreational water contact. Water samples were analysed for MPN total coliform, MPN faecal coliform, Gram positive, Gram negative and total number of heterotrophic plate count for three seasons of the year 2005-2006 while sediments samples were analysed for Gram positive,Gram negative and total number of heterotrophic plate count for three seasons of the year 2005-2006. The results values were higher than the desirable limits of BIS but within the permissible limits. Vadaj and Wasna barrage are more polluted localities due to effluents and city sewage.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50899
Title: Bioassay directed screening of selected medicinal plants for antibacterial protein activity
Author: S.F.Maleeka Begum and V.Vimal Nath
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Aristolochia bracteolata, Anacardium sp, Calophyllum ionophyllum ,Lippia nodiflora
Abstract: Medicinal plants hold good promises as they are proved be the best antibacterial drugs and more over the active component posses the potentially of broad spectrum antimicrobial property. Crude extracts from the leaves of plants viz, Lippia nodiflora, Aristolochia bracteolata, Calophyllum ionophyllum and Anacardium species possess considerable antibacterial activity agaist 3 bacterial pathogens viz., Bacillus substilis, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The solvents used for the extraction includes chloroform, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. All the solvent extracts elaborated inhibitory effect, however with varying degree of magnitude. On a overall view, all the test extracts showed moderate to high bactericidal activity of the following order of magnitude: Aristolochia bracteolata> Anacardium sp> Calophyllum ionophyllum> Lippia nodiflora. The active component responsible for the antibacterial activity were collected by TLC chromatograph. The chromatogram obtained was dissolved in methnolic solution and antibacterial activity was carried out and it was inferred that the eluted compounds have greater potential antibacterial property than the solvent extracts. Moreover, Rf value coincided well with the standard antibiotics like Gentamycin, Streptomycin and chloramphenicol.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50898
Title: Standardization of growth medium and incubation period for detection and quantification of Aflatoxin production by TLC Method
Author: P.Sudhakar, Y.Sreenivasulu adn P.Latha
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Aspergillus flavus, SMKY media, Aflatoxin, TLC
Abstract: In the present investigation , best culture medium for higher mycelial growth based on the dry weight of the fungal biomass, optimum incubation time for higher aflatoxin production and standardization of amount of aflatoxin to be spotted on TLC plate for better illumination were studied. The results revealed that mycelial mat weight and total toxin production were highest on SMKY liquid medium compared to PDA, AFPA and YES media. Among the different concentrations of aflatoxin samples viz., 2, 5, 10, 20 adn 30 ?L plated on silica plate, 20 ?L of sample and at 7 days of incubation period showed bright blue illumination in UV transilluminator.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50897
Title: Impact of Paper Mill Effluents on physico-chemical characteristics of Soil
Author: V.Saritha, Y.Avasn Maruthi, K.Mukkanti and M.Uma Maheswari
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pulp and Paper effluents, Soil parameters, BOD, COD
Abstract: Impact of paper and pulp mill effluents on soil was assessed for physico-chemical and biological properties in the present study. Discharge of paper and pulp effluents onto the soil caused change in physico-chemical and biological properties of soil. The analysis of water samples revealed that continuous use of the effluent has increased the pH, EC and sodium content of the soil. The soil pH ranged from 6.5 to 9.0 and sodium 36.6 to 427.5 mg /kg. Thus, it may be concluded that the continuous use of effluents from paper and pulp without monitoring will deteriorate the soil health. Water samples were analyzed for Color, pH, EC, dissolved solids, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, BOD and COD. The results indicate that the effluents were highly polluted and not fit for any use. The untreated effluent was not suitable for irrigation purposes as it is characterized by high values of pH (7.32) ,EC (2.44 mMhos/cm), BOD (1650mg/L), COD (2140 mg/L) and sodium (1234 mg/L). High content of sodium in the effluent will reduce the infiltration rate of soil and create the problem of soil sickness.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50896
Title: Consortium of A.feacalis and P.fluorescens promoted the growth of Arachis hypogea (ground nut)
Author: R.Z.Sayyed, B.S.Naphade, S.A.Joshi, N.S.Gangurde, H.M.Bhamare and S.B.Chincholkar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: A.feacalis , P.fluorescens,siderophores, A. hypogea (ground nut)
Abstract: Plant growth promoting ability of A.feacalis and P.fluorescens NCIM 5096 was examined in A.hypogea at various levels viz. plate, pot and field levels. Co-inoculation of A.feacalis with P.flourescens NCIM 5096 showed enhanced plant growth in A.hypogea than single inoculation with either of these two rhizobacteria. After 90 days of sowing, it resulted in 21.39% increase in shoot length, 16.30% increase in root length, 43.05% increase in chlorophyll content, 22.51% increase in number of pods and 31.25% increase in number of braches.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50895
Title: Optimization of antibiotic compound produced by Streptomyces sp. isolated from Earthworm gut (Eisenia foetida).
Author: S.Aruna, K.Vijayalakshmi, M.Shashikanth, M.Surekha Rani, K.Jyothi, N.D. Prasanna, S.K.Shasheen and K.Pavana Jyotsna
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Streptomyces sp, Earthworm gut, Antibiotic production
Abstract: Screening was performed to detect the antimicrobial activity exhibiting Actinomycetes from earthworm gut. Twenty isolates were obtained and among them 9 isolates showed good activity. ASI isolate showed higher activity when compared to other strains.Influence of different media, carbon and nitrogen sources and different physical parameters like temperature, pH and NaCl concentration, effect of incubation period on antibiotic production was studied. Optimum conditions for maximum production of compound were deduced from the studies. Based on morphological and biochemical characteristics the isolate ASI was detected to be Streptomyces sp., having broad-spectrum antogonistic activity against a wide range of pathogenic and plant pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50894
Title: Alterations in Nutritional Indices of Silkworm Larvae, Bombyx mori (L) on administration of the Thyroxine Hormone
Author: S.Ramakrishna, B.Manohar Reddy, S.Rajendra Prasad and M.Bhaskar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Silkworm, Thyroxine, Nutritional indices, Ingesta, Digesta, Egesta
Abstract: The silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) hybrid (PMx NB4 D2 ) were fed on V1 variety of mulberry leaves treated with thyroxine hormone (1mL of thyroxine solution sprayed on 5g. of mulberry leaves) in every day every feeding from the first day of III instar to end of the V instar. The effect of thyroxine on ingesta, consumption index, egesta, digesta and approximate digestibility was analysed in III instar, IV instar and V instar silkworm larvae on treated with thyroxine hormone. In III instar the ingesta was recorded significant reduction when compared to control. In contrast, the IV and V instar larvae exhibited significant elevation over control. The consumption index of the III and IV instar silkworm larvae showed non significant change with significant increase in V instar over control. The egesta was significantly elevated in III, IV instars and decreased in V instar larvae over control. The digesta exhibited significant reduction in III instar larvae, where as in IV and V instars the same was recorded significant increase on administratin of thyroxine over control. The approximate digestibility showed non significant change in III instar with a significant increase in IV and V instar larvae over control. The above results envisages that the induction of thyroxine hormone induced significant alterations in digestion of food by silkworm larvae in different developmental stages leading to the assimilation of nutrients by increasing nutritional efficiency to improve the cocoon production.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50893
Title: Post- Transcriptional Gene Silence - An Overview and It ' s Application in Plant Biotechnology
Author: Pranav Chettri, P.U.Krishnaraj and M.S. Kuruvinashetti
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: PTGS,RNAi, Dicer, Biological role, Application and construct design
Abstract: PTGS is a form of nucleic -acid-based immunity, targeting viruses and genomic repeated sequences. First documented in plants and invertebrate animals, this host defence has recently been identified in mammals. The differences in the experimental system used to study this phenomenon have resulted in several terms often describing similar processes. PTGS is viewed as a conserved ancient mechanism protecting genomes from nucleic acid invaders. It has been made possible to artificially induce PTGS in various systems by introducing constructs that produce double stranded mRNA in the system and the same stratergy has been used widely in functional genomics and genetic engineering.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50892
Title: Oral and Repiratory Cancer : A Clinical and Epidemiological Case Study
Author: Shashi . A, A. Kapoor and M.Bhardwaj
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Oral cancer, Respiratory carcinoma, Patients, Risk factors, Haemoglobin, Jaundice, Cirrosis, Anemia
Abstract: The study was conducted on 110 patients who presented with oral and respiratory cancer in the Departments of ENT, and Medicine and Radiotherapy, Government Rajendra Hospital, Patiala, India. The study showed that most of the patients had no familial history of these cancers. Most of the patients affected were males, in the age groups of 40-60 years. Most of the patients of oral cancer suffered from the tongue carcinoma (28.18%) and those of respiratory cancer suffered form esophageal carcinoma. The orodental hygiene of patients was generally poor. History of chronic smoking was recorded in 80 patients. Chronic alchol consumption was noted in 70 patients. Betel nut chewing history was noted in 87 subjects. Non-vegetarian population i.e. 65.45% of the total was found to be more affected than vegetarian population which was only 34.54%. The patients were mostly from agricultural community. Rural section was more affected than urban one. No relationship between anemia, jaundice, cirrosis with oral and respiratory cancer patients was noted. However, there was decrease in the levels of haemoglobin. The various clinical features found associated with oral and respiratory cancer were loss of weight, dysphasia and pain in breathing and swallowing , pain in throat while horseness of voice was found in the cancer of larynx.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50891
Title: Effects of Salinity Stress on Antioxidant enzyme activity levels in rice cultivars
Author: M.Balakrishna and Y.M.Shukla
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Salinity, Rice, Superoxidedismutase, Catalase,peroxidase
Abstract: Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses especially for rice, which is grown under irrigated conditions. To elucidate the effects of salinity stress in rice, three different salinity tolerant varieties Jaya, Dandi, CSR-27 and one sensitive variety GR-3, were selected. Fifteen days old Seedlings were exposed to 0, 100, 150, 200 mM of NaCl for 24, 48 and 72 hrs. In these four cultivars enzyme activity of superoxidedismutase, catalase and perixidase were studied. Enzyme activity increased with salinity stress. Tolerant varieties showed high antioxidant levels than sensitive cultivar. From this investigation it can be concluded that antioxidants scavenging the reactive oxygen species induced by salt stress. SOD is a major scavenger to O2- and its enzymatic action results in the formation of ) H 2 O2 and O2 . Stressed plants can withstand due to the production of these antioxidants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50890
Title: Antimicrobial activity of the Marine mollusc, Nassa costata from the Tuticorin coastal waters, Southeastern India
Author: C.Chellaram and J.K.Patterson Edward
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Marine Natural products, Antibacterial activity, Marine mollusc , Nassa costata
Abstract: In vitro antibacterial screening of marine mollusc, Nassa costata, against selected five human and five fish pathogen was conducted in this study. Four solvents, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol and dichloromethane were used for the extraction. Among these, ethyl acetate extract of N.costata exhibiting a broad spectrum antibacterial activity each of the bacterial tested except Klebsiella pneumonia. Highest activity was exhibited against Serratia marcescens (8.5) and Vibrio harveyi (8.5mm) by the crude extract of ethyl acetate. The 100% of the column purified ethyl acetate fractions showed higher activity against Vibrio harveyi (8mm). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for Shigella dysentriae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens and Proteus mirbilis and V.haeveyi was 0.08 mg. Hence 100% ethyl acetate fractions of the extract of N.costata exhibiting good antibacterial activity are undergoing further analysis to identify the active constituents.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50889
Title: In vitro flowering and rapid regeneration of Ocimum sanctum L.- A valuable medicinal herb
Author: K.Karthikeyan, C.Chandran and S.Kulothungan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, Medicinal plants, In vitri flowering
Abstract: In vitro flowering and an efficient micropropagation protocols were developed for the aromatic medicinal herb Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae) by the in vitro culture of nodal segments of mature plant. Murasige and Skoog ' s (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and 1.0 mg/L a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were found to develop fully functional flowers. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA induced an average of eight shoots per node and was the best for axillary bud proliferation. Subsequent cultures enhanced the number of shoots. Full strength MS solid medium with 1.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) exhibited the best in vitro rooting. Ninety five percent of the rooted shoots survived when transferred to green house and subsequent to the field.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50888
Title: Dynamic population of extreme Halobacteria in the solar salterns located at peninsular coast of Tamil Nadu, India
Author: K.Venkatramalingam, J.Godwin Christopher, T.Citarasu and S.M.J.Punitha
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Extreme halobacterium, Halobacteria, Salterns, Cystallizer pond, Halobacterial Biomass, Halophilic bacteria
Abstract: Halobacterial blooms in the water layers of the crystallizer ponds are described and the factors triggering its rise and decline were analysed. The biomass of halobacteria ranged from 15.6 X 104 CFU mL-1 to 89.6 X 104 CFU mL-1 , which imparted a red coloration to the crystallizer ponds due to its high content of the pigment bacterioruberin. Maximal bacterial abundance reached during May 2006, whereafter their numbers declined slowly. The salinity of the sampling stations ranged between 265.0 ppt and 316.7 ppt. During this work, two red pigmented extremely halophilic archaea were isolated from saltern crystallizer ponds. These archaea were confirmed as halobacterium sodomense and halococcus morrhuae.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None