ID: 50917
Title: In Vitro study of antimicrobial activity of the South Indian spices against Enteric pathogens
Author: Annapurna S.Agasthya, Natasha Jayapal, Eramma Naveenkumar, N.Rajendra Goud , Vijayanand and J. Hemapriya
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: phytochemical, Enteric pathogens, Antimicrobial activity, Antibiotic resistance, Spices
Abstract: This work was carried out from June to September 2007. The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extract taken from the South Indian spices namely Cardamon (Elettaria cardamomum), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Cloves (Syzyguim aromaticum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Turmeric (Curcuma domestica), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Garlic (Allum sativum), Onion (Allium cepa), Coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum), and Black pepper (Pepper nigrum) against six Gram negative enteric bacteria which are the potent food borne pathogens , i.e., Esherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. In the later phase the inhibitory effect of these spices in combination was subjected for the antibacterial activity against the same pathogenic bacteria. In addition to this, the inhibitory effect was compared with that of five antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Streptomycin and Nalidixic acid). The study revealed that garlic extract (E7) was active against all the food pathogens. Cardamom extract (E1) showed excellent antibacterial activity against Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Escherichia coli. The extract from cinnamon (E2) was active against Brucella melitensis. Turmeric extract (E6) and pepper (E3) were active agaist Brucella abortus and Escherichia coli. Clove extract (E5) was active against all pathogens except Salmonella typhi. Extracts from Coriander (E9), Onion (E4), Cumin (E8) and Ginger (E10) had no antibacterial activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50916
Title: Impact of pesticides on protein level in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Ham.)
Author: A.Radha and K.Rajendran
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pesticides, Labeo rohita, Toxicity
Abstract: Effect of pesticides metasystox and dimethoate on the protein content of the liver, muscle, gill and intestinal tissue of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita were estimated. Fishes were exposed to different sublethal concentration of pesticides (0.01,0.02 and 0.03 ppm of metasystox and 0.06,0.07 and 0.08 ppm of demethoate) for 21 days. Prior to the experimentation toxicity evolution was conducted to determine LC50 value for 96 hrs. The protein content was significantly reduced in the tissues of Labeo rohita treated with pesticides. The depletion of protein content in liver, gill, muscle and intestine is directly proportional to concentration of pesticides. The percentage of protein reduction was so prominent in metasystok than demethoate. It implied that toxic stress alter the protein nature and nutritive value of the fish. Hence the present study suggested that aquaculture sholuld be practiced in an unpolluted water bodies which are free from pesticides.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50915
Title: Antimicrobial activity of Passiflora foetida leaf extract on human pathogens
Author: Santh Rani Thaakur, C.Monika, Sandhya Rani Boddu and A. Krishna Veni
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Passiflora foetida, Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Passiflora foetida, a folklore medicinal plant. Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances that can be used to treat chronic as well as infectious diseases. Passiflora foetida is a plant that is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of eczema, inflammations, kidney problems, measles, prickly heat, rashes, skin ulcers,urinary burnings and wounds. Alcoholic extract of leaves of Passiflora foetida (passifloraceae) obtained by maceration was screened for their antimicrobial activity. The extract was tested against 8 different species (Gram positive microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus; Gram negative microorganisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella paratyphi B., Salmonella typhimurium and Proteus mirabilis) of human pathogenic bacteria by broth dilution method and the agar well diffusion method. The plant extract showed the antibacterial activity against all the eight microorganisms. The lower concentrations of Passiflora foetida possessed similar inhibitory effect against all the test organisms. The lowest MIC values (0.5 mg/mL) of alcoholic extract were agaist S.typhimurium and S.paratyphi B. suggesting that the alcoholic extract was most effective against S.typhimurium and S.paratyphi B. The results indicated that the alcoholic extract was found to be more effective against gram -ve microorganisms than gram +ve microorganisms.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50914
Title: Effect of growmore biofertilizer and suphala- A chemical fertilizer on the growth of Brassica juncea [(L.) Czern & Coss]
Author: Dhwani C.Goradia, Sudha A.Sawant and Sudhir D. Ghatnekar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Growmore, Brassica juncea, Suphala, Biofertilizer, Phosphate uptake, Germinability
Abstract: Farmers use inorganic fertilizers in order to increase the soil fertility. Though they promote the growth of crop, susceptibility to diseases is the negative impact by either over or improper utilization. At times, it may give rise to pathogenic mutants. All these negative factors could be overcome by application of biofertilizers. In the present study, Growmore a wholesome Biofertilizer of Suvash Biogenics Pvt. Ltd. was selected to study its effect on the morpho-physiological parameters of Brassica juncea [(L.) Czern & Coss]. Suphala (N:P:K::15:15:15) and inorganic fertilizer of Rasthriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd. was chosen for the comparative study. The morpho-physiological parameters selected for the studies were germination potential, shoot length, biomass and phosphate uptake on B.juncea. Present findings revealed that plants treated with 25%, 50%, 75% and even 100% Growmore biofertilizer showed fresh, green and healthy foliage in relation to plants treated with Suphala wherein germination at these high doses gave 100% burning of the seeds with 0% germination. It was also found that Suphala has to be used in very minor quantities. Different combinations of Growmore and Suphala [at a very low concentration] showed relatively better growth rate and refreshing healthy foliage. Phosphate uptake was increased when Growmore was supplemented with Suphala. Plants treated with only inorganic fertilizer showed significantly less growth. Growmore enriched the soil with triple combination of cellulose degrades, nitrogen fixes, and phosphate solubilizers along with humus made form castings of Red Wrigglers. Hence its application helped in optimum growth of the plant system.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50913
Title: Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the fresh bulb extract of garlic
Author: M.C.Rajalakshmi and P.Shakila
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Allium sativum, Antibacterial screening, Antifungal screening
Abstract: Water and Ethanol extract of Allium sativum bulbs were investigated for invitro antibacterial and antifungal activities by agar diffusion and tube dilution techniques. The water and ethanol extracts of garlic inhibited the growth of standard local bacteria (Bacillus stearothermophilus, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas flavescens) and Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger). The aqueous extract of Allium sativum was highly active inhibit the growth of both bacteria and fungi. Studies of the antimicrobial activity of ethanol as well as an aqueous infusion were performed and the good experimental results obtained justified the folk use of this species as a cicatrizant and vulnerary agent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50912
Title: The impact of Trimethoprim on ascorbic acid contents of various tissues of the freshwater mussel, Parreysia cylindrica (Annanadale and Prashad)
Author: H.P.Nagpure and S.P.Zambare
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Trimethoprim, Ascorbic acid, Parreysia cylindrica
Abstract: For normal growth and several physiological functions, vitamins are required in trace amount. Ascorbic acid, a water-soluble vitamin, is synthesized in most of the animals endogenously but not in case of human beings and other primates. An experimental model, the freshwater bivalve, Parreysia cylindrica (Annandale and Prashad) was exposed to trimethoprism, one of the ingredients of sulfa drug. The bivalves were exposed to acute (136.29 PPM) dose upto 96 hours and chronic (27.25 PPM) dose upto 21 days. The ascorbic acid contents were estimated after 24 and 96 hours of acute and 7, 14 and 21 days of chronic exposure in mantle, gill, foot, testis, ovary, whole body and digestive gland. The level of ascorbic acid showed an overall decrease in most of the tissues except gills while whole body and ovary were the most suffered organs after acute treatment. The foot showed increased ascorbic acid contents and the rest of tissues showed decrease in the ascorbic acid contents, among which maximum decrease was in the gills.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50911
Title: Studies of antifungal activities of substituted 3,5-diary-4-aroyl Isoxazolines
Author: Pradiip V.Tekade, K.N.Patil, P.S.Bodkhe and D.V.Hande
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Antifungal activities, 3,5-diaryl-4-aroyl isoxazolines
Abstract: Some new chloro substituded 4-aroyl isoxazolines were synthesised. These heterocycles were tested for antifungal activities against test fungi like Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Curvalaria lunata. The zones of inhibition are measured and reported.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50910
Title: Rhizosphere Mycoflora of Euphorbia geniculata and Euphorbia hirta
Author: M.Dorcas, Mary Esther Cynthia Johnson and G.S. Bhavani Nehru
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Rhizosphere, Non-rizosphere, Euphorbia geniculata and Euphorbia hirta
Abstract: In the present study about 47 fungal species were isolated from the rhizosphere of two genera of the family of Euphorbiaceae. More number of fungal species was recorded in the rhizosphere when compared to Non-rhizosphere soils.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50909
Title: Forage productivity of Sesbania grandiflora L. when converted to browze under different tree environmental conditions
Author: R.Y.Kulkarni and D.V. Dev
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biomass, Dry matter, Crude protein, Tree environment, Harvest
Abstract: The opportunity for improving wasteland through cultivation of shrubland species and grasses to produce quality biomass will be per-eminent. Every village is bestowed with wasteland. Yet, faces acute shortage of basic needs, the dilemma is how to make these areas productive. There are good number of shrub species adapted to these areas as vital component of vegetation cover, having potential of high biomass of economic value. There is need to mention here that the efforts have been directed to find out the "ways and means" to convert wasteland as source of biomass production of a good quality thereby, conforming the plant species x wasteland culturing are inseperable from each other.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50908
Title: Antimicrobial activity of clove essential oil against clinical Dental isolates
Author: S. Vasanti and P.Shrutika
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, Essential oil, Clove, Dental caries, Periodontal diseases
Abstract: In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr.et Perry) against different Gram positive, Gram negative microorganisms found in the oral cavity in periodontal infections such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans and organisms isolated from tooth tartar of dental patients was evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined against three dental clinical isolates of Staphylococci,Streptococci and Streptobacilli which ranged from 1.25-5 ?L/mL and against reference strains which ranged from 0.625-160 ?L/mL. The minimum microbial concentrations (MMCs) of the clove essential oil for clinical isolates ranged from 2.5-10 ?L/mL and for the reference strain varied from 1.25-320 ?L/mL. Clove oil exhibited prominent antimicrobial activity against all the test microorganisms especially organisms isolated from tooth tartar of dental patients proving its effectiveness in various periodontal diseases.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50907
Title: Antibacterial activities of Flavonoids obtained from the root extract of Trianthema decandra Linn.
Author: G.Sindhu, N.Prabhu and C.Kamalakumar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Trianthema decandra L., Antibacterial, Root-Flaconoids, Skin disease
Abstract: Methanolic root extracts of flavonoids obtained from Trianthema decandra L. was tested for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacterial strains in a dose dependent manner by disc diffusion method. The present investigation reveals that the plant extract has potential bactericidal effect against bacterial strains that causes the skin diseases, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa than other strains. The extract was partially inhibited the growth of enteric bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysentriae. The growth of bacterial strains like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirobilis and Proteus vulgaris were not inhibited by the extract. However, further research is required to establish if it could be safely used as a antibacterial agent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50906
Title: Effect of phylloplane fungi on leaf senescence of some species of Myristicaceae of the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India
Author: P.Rama Bhat and K.M.kaveriappa
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chlorophyll content, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Leaf ageing
Abstract: Populations of phylloplane fungi varied qualitatively and quantitatively in the five plant species of Myristicaceac viz Gymnacranthera farquhariana, Knema attenuata, Myristica dactyloides, M.fatua var. magnifica and M.malabarica. The excised green leaves colonized by Trichoderma viride reduced the total chlorophyll content in Gymnacranthera farquhariana; Aspergillus aculeatus, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium oxysporum in Knema attenuata; Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus ochraceus and Trichoderma viride in Myristica dactyloides; A.aculeatus, A.flavus, A.niger and A.ochraceus in M.fatua var. magnifica; A. flavus in M.malabarica. Whereas, in those excised leaves colonized by Curvularia lunata and Fusarium oxysporum enhanced the chlorophyll contents. In Cladosporium oxysporum colonization did not affect the chlorophyll content of the excised leaves of any of the five species of Myristicaceae.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50905
Title: Effect of Chromium stress on growth and physiological responses in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) plants
Author: Meenakshi and S.N.Pandey
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Chromium, Linseed, physiological responses, Toxicity symptoms
Abstract: Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) plants were grown in Gomti upland alluvial (Sandy-loam) soil and irrigated with graded concentrations of chromium (VI) (0.02, 0.2, 2 and 5 ppm). Marked reduction in growth, dry matter yield, chlorophyll contents (a, b and total), catalase and amylase activity was observed at high concentrations of Cr supply levels (2 and 5 ppm) in irrigational water. The visible symptoms of Cr toxicity appeared on plants were stunted plant growth and chlorosis and tip burning of leaves. Symptoms were spread from base to top of the plants. Cr supply at it ' s lower concentrations (0.02 and 0.2 ppm) stimulated growth and metabolic responses in plants. Reduction in dry matter yield (47.7%) and total chlorophyll content (10.53%), was observed at 5ppm Cr concentration over control. Increase in the activities of enzyme (catalase and amylase) was maximum at 2 ppm Cr and declined by Cr at it ' s 5 ppm concentration in irrigational water in linseed plants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50904
Title: Impact of Methylene Blue on power output in a fuel cell using Kluyveromyces wickerhamii as biocatalyst
Author: M.Vijay and R.M.Meyyappan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Microbial fuel cell, Methylene blue, Electronophore, Electron donor, Electron acceptor, Kluyveromyces wickerhamii
Abstract: Methylene blue (MB), an exogenous mediator was utilized in microbial fuel cell (MFC) consuming glucose, in an objective to study its efficiency during electricity generation. A MFC was constructed in which Kluyveromyces wickerhamii (yeast); methylene blue and potassium ferricyanide were employed. In this study, the variation of open circuit potential (OCP) with time was recorded. The fuel cell was operated with different resistance (100 ?, 500 ?and 1000 ?) and the results show that lower the resistance, higher the current output. Further , it was observed that increase in power output was obtained in the case of mediator MFC, when compared to mediatorless MFC. From the polarization curves, it is very clear that maximum power density of 1.482 x 10-2 W/m2 and 0.182 x 10-2 W/m2 is observed for mediator and mediatorless MFC, confirming that the addition of mediator will enhance the power output. Thus, the impact of electronophore (ie) methylene blue on the performance of MFC in generating electric current was investigated.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50903
Title: Utilization of Parthenium Plant Leachate for Biogas Production
Author: G.Gitanjali, A.Kumaresan, M.Dharmaraj and T.Karuppayee
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Parthenium, Leachate, Gas production, Batchfed
Abstract: A laboratory batch fed fermentation study was carried out in 5 L Hofkin flasks. 2 Kg of cowdung mixed with 2 L of water plus 5% inoculum collected from a running biogas plant was kept as control and 2 kg of cowdung mixed with 2 L of Parthenium leachate (extract collected by soaking the plants in water for a week) plus inoculum was kept as treatment flask. Fermentation flasks were sealed tightly and kept as such for 60 days. Initial and final samples were taken for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Gas production was recorded by water displacement method. Gas production recorded in this study was 159 Kg-1 TS in the case of control and 198 LKg-1 TS with parthenium leachate added flask. The same experiment was repeated in semi continuous digestion with 1 cum biogas plants at field level. Gas production was recorded as 165 + 5.38 LKg-1 TS with control and 191 + 3.21 LKg-1 TS with Parthenium leachated added plant. Therefore Parthenium leachate could be effectively used to augement biogas production and the residue could be used as manure after fungal treatment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None