ID: 50932
Title: Comparison of Green -Ampt based infiltration models for simulating two stage infiltration process
Author: Ashok K.Keshari, Deepak Jhajharia
Editor: Dr.Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2009
Publisher: Hydrology Journal, Volume 30, Number 1-2, March - June 2007
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology
Keywords: infiltration, soil moisture, numerical model ,Taylor series
Abstract: Three different models, the Modified Green -Ampt-Quadratic Approximation (MGA-QA), the Modified Green -Ampt-Taylor Approximation (MGA-TA) and the Modified Green -Ampt-Numerical Solution (MGA-NS), are considered to investigate their performances in simulating two stage infiltration process under steady rainfall. The comparative analysis is performed for various soil textures to investigate the infiltration characteristics in various soil types under similar rainfall pulse and initial surface conditions. Results reveal that the maximum error for the MGA-QA is 7%, while the maximum error for the MGA-TA is 4.5% as compared to solutions obtained from the MGA-NS model. It is also observed that the MGA-TA model gives less error for coarse textured soils, while the MGA-QA model for fine textured soils. As solutions can be obtained explicitly using the MGA-QA and the MGA-TA models, these two models may be used in practice without loss of much accuracy for poirt estimation in case of short-time periods. However, solutions obtained from the MGA-QA and the MGA-TA models can be utilized as initial feasible solutions for the MGA-NS model to reduce the number of iterations involved in obtaining numerical solution. The error may be more for larger time periods and it may be significantly high when spatial integration is carried out in a drainage basin/an irrigation command of dominant spatial heterogeneity in soil properties and rainfall events. The MGA-NS model may be preferred in such cases for the inclusion in hydrological models to address increasingly complex real life water resources problems.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50931
Title: Parameter fixation for flow simulation in IMP software
Author: A.V.Mange and S.K.Singhal
Editor: Dr.Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2009
Publisher: Hydrology Journal, Volume 30, Number 1-2, March - June 2007
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology
Keywords: SHP, flow simulation, ungauged catchment , power potential, IMP software
Abstract: Potential assessment plays a key role for small hydropower (SHP) development. There is a huge untapped hydropower potential in India. Uttaranchal is one of the important states of India in terms of Small Hydropower potential. To tap the enormous available hydropower potential in Uttaranchal state, software Integrated Method for Power Analysis (IMP) 5.0 has been for flow simulation in district Tehri Garhwal of Uttaranchal State. IMP software is and user-friendly tool of potential assessment for SHP development on ungauged sites. It is useful for preliminary estimates of energy potential. The software includes tips about hydrologic analysis of ungauged sites. IMP uses topographic and daily weather data, which the user inputs to generate daily stream flow. The water budget and time constant parameters are fixed by using observed discharge data of a site in the study area. The first parameters are used along with the watershed data and meteorological data to simulate the flow of ungauged sites. Using the simulated data, flow duration curves for the SHP potential sites are drawn which can be used to assess the power potential.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50930
Title: Application of artificial neural network in estimation of rainfall erosivity
Author: V.K.Bhatt, P.Bhattacharya and A.K. Tiwari
Editor: Dr.Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2009
Publisher: Hydrology Journal, Volume 30, Number 1-2, March - June 2007
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology
Keywords: Artificial neural networks, annual rainfall, rainfall erosivity
Abstract: Annual rainfall erosivity in the universal soil loss equation is the number of rainfall erosion indes units (EI30) for a particular location usually recognized as a tool for describing soil erosion by water. It is also a basic input to simple and widespread soil erosion prediction models like USLE and RUSLE. However, its calculation on the basis of original rainfall records is a very laborious operation and is completely impossible for many locations without a precise and detailed rainfall data. The aim of this study was to develop a new simple method of estimation of annual rainfall erosivity on the basis of rainfall data. Efforts were made to see the possibility of applying artificial neural networks (ANN) for estimation of annual rainfall erosivity, on the basis of the available annual rainfall values. The study was done with the use of annual rainfall erosivity values of 38 years data of Chandigarh. As a result of the study radial basis function network with network architecture as 1-6-1 was found best in prediction of annual rainfall erosivity for Chandigarh with input as annual rainfall data. Model efficiency of observed versus predicted rainfall erosivity was found to be higher with ANN than with that obtained for the simple regression models. The study results suggested the possibility of application of neural networks for estimation of rainfall erosivity on the basis of annual rainfall totals instead of simple statistical relationships
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50929
Title: Characterization of Meteorological drought
Author: K.N.Tiwari , D.K.Paul, N.K.Gontia
Editor: Dr.Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2009
Publisher: Hydrology Journal, Volume 30, Number 1-2, March - June 2007
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology
Keywords: Meteorological drought, drought characterization, drought indices, incipient drought, disastrous drought and extreme drought
Abstract: Methodology to characterize meteorological drought and drought frequency curves have been developed for the drought prone Hazaribagh district, Jharkand, India. The annual and monsoon seasonal rainfall data for a period of 80 years (1913-1992) were analyzed to determine excess and deficit from normal . The annual and seasonal rainfall follows log normal and normal distribution respectively. Meteorological drought is investigated by various methods and using proposed methodology. Based on seasonal rainfall of 80 years the proposed methodology classified 45 years (56.25%) as drought years out of which incipient, large, severe, disastrous and extreme drought years were 12 (15.55%), 21 (27.77%),8(10%),3(3.75%) and 1(1.25%) respectively. Drought indices were also developed and year 1966 was classified as the extreme drought year of the area. Multiyear drought characteristic reveals that as drought duration increased from 2 to 6 years the mean severity increased with increasing variability, though the mean drought intensity also increased gradually, but with decreasing variability.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50928
Title: Biodegradation of textile dyes by free and immobilized cells of microorganisms
Author: B.V. Pandey and R.S. Upadhyay
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJ MBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biodegradation, Free cells, Immobilized cells, Microorganisms, Textile dyes
Abstract: Four commercially used textile dyes namely Procion Red Yellow, Acid Yellow-9 and Crystal Violet were better decolorized under aerobic liquid culture but Direct Orange-102 was comparatively more resistant to decolorization. Decolorization increased with the increase in incubation period. However, the efficiency decreased with increase in dyestuff concentration. Degradation was best achieved by immobilized cells as compared to free cells.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50927
Title: Plant growth and yield of tomato in soil amended with coal fly ash
Author: Azra Akhtar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJ MBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Coal fly ash, Length, Dry weight and yield
Abstract: Burning coal for energy produces a by product known as fly ash. Fly ash is not currently related as hazardous material, it was evaluated for use in agriculture as nutrient supplement during pot experiments on tomato. Fly ash contains several minerals needed for plant growth and has a high surface tension and high water holding capacity. Plants were grown in fly ash amended soil at different treatment levels. The various treatments were control (soil without fly ash), 20%, 40% and 60% of fly ash mixed with soil respectively. A significant increase in plant growth and yield of fruits was observed at 40% amendment over control. Plant height and productivity decreased as fly ash percentage increased in soil (60% fly ash amended soil). The result of this study indicate that coal fly ash could be beneficial to typical plant growth if it is applied at an adequate rate and to an acceptable medium.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50926
Title: Strategies for effluent reduction at source and on-floor management for reuse, in cabinet dyeing units for yarn dyeing
Author: S.Selvan and V.Nehru Kumar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJ MBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cabinet dyeing system, Yarn dyeing, Lean wash, Spent wash, Spent dyebath, Media and Cartridge Filters
Abstract: The requirement of water in a typical cabinet dyeing system for yarn dyeing is assessed at 140.00 to 165.00 L/kg. The segregation of waste stream into lean wash, spent wash and spent dyebath is found to reduce the effluent from 164 to 105 L/kg and will help the industry to reclaim water from the lean wash effluent by using on-floor management systems having Media and Cartridge Filters. This proctice, if incorporated for yarn dying operations, will reduce the required water from 165 L/kg to 105 L/kg in cabinet systems and will reduce the hydraulic loading on the Effluent Treatment Plants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50925
Title: Vitazyme treatment improves seed quality parameters of Paddy, Tomato and Cotton
Author: S.Umesha, P.Hariprasad,S.A.Deepak, S.T.Girish and P.Syltie
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJ MBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: vitazyme, seed treatment, Seedling vigor, Field emergence, Dry weight , Paddy, Tomato, Cotton
Abstract: Effects of vitazyme on seed quality parameters were analyzed for Paddy, Tomato and Cotton seeds. Different concentrations of Vitazyme were used to soak the seeds with appropriate controls. The treated seeds were subjected to the paper towel method to evaluate seed germination and seedling vigor. The concentrations that showed higher seed germination and seedling vigor were used to study seed mycoflora and field emergence. All the concentrations of Vitazyme improved seed germination, seedling vigor, field emergence and total seedling dry weight, but failed to reduce the incidence of seed -borne mycoflora in all the tested crop varieties . Benefits in the use of Vitazyme to improve the seed quality parameters of the various crop plants were discussed in the current studies.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50924
Title: Public attitude and perception towards Biotechnology-A Case study of Bhubaneswar city
Author: Ujjal Kumar Bhatta and Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJ MBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Public attitude, Modern biotechnology, Perceived benefit, Perceived risk, Bhubaneswar
Abstract: Modern biotechnology is viewed by many as the frontier of next revolution with enormous social and economic consequences. But it has been frequently classified as a complex emerging issue that exhibits salience combined with limited knowledge on part of the public. The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding and acceptance of biotechnology by collecting credible and public based information, thereby communicating the information through variety of channels. The major objective was to study the image of biotechnology in the city of Bhubaneswar providing inputs towards public relation to biotechnology and to examine perception and acceptance of biotechnology among diverse groups by modeling their views about the potential of biotechnology to improve the quality of human life. In this regard a survey was carried out on 300 respondents from various interest groups such as students, professionals and farmers in and around the capital city. Results of the survey have confirmed that public attitude towards modern biotechnology should be seen as a multi-faceted/multi dimensional process. The study also stated that approval of biotechnological expertise for use in plants, animals, medicine and environments are influenced by socio-economic characteristics , education and scientific knowledge . Results also indicate that the public in the city of Bhubaneswar are generally optimistic about the potential of biotechnology to enhance the quality of human life and are broadly supportive of this technology use in plants. Researchers, Policy makers and industries should work in collaboration to promote public trust and confidence in modern biotechnological application.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50923
Title: Sustainable Waste Management in Mining Industry
Author: D.P.Tripathy
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJ MBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Public attitude, Modern biotechnology, Perceived benefit, Perceived risk, Bhubaneswar
Abstract: The present paper discusses the existing status of waste generation, its characteristics and the disposal methods in mines. It also discusses the environmental impacts associated with waste disposal practices and best practices for waste disposal and management. It also emphasizes that consistent efforts must be made to minimize waste generation, prevent wastes becoming hazardous, alternative use of wastes alternatively and to dispose waste systematically. Disposal of mining wastes demands due attention in planning and execution in order to achieve environmentally acceptable disposal practice so that environmental problems can be eliminated.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50922
Title: Investigation of physico-chemical characteristics and screening for mutagenesis in chromium elecroplanting industry effluent
Author: P.Manju, V.Bhuvaneswari and S.J.P.Jeyanthi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJ MBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Chromium electroplating, Tolerance, Effluent, Mutagenicity
Abstract: Physicochemical characteristics of Chromium electroplating industry effluent were analysed. The effluent colour, turbidity , pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids and total dissolved solids were beyond the permissible limits. The High levels of BOD and COD indicates a high organic load in the effluent. The total hardness, chloride, sulphte, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chromium levels exceeded the tolerance limit prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards. The mutagenicity of the effluents was confirmed by Ames Salmonella assay using mutant bacterial strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. The present investigation indicated that the effluent is highly hazardous to the environment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50921
Title: Antimicrobial activity of soil streptomyces
Author: P.Venkatachalam, K.Venkatramalingam, J.Ronald and Sambath
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJ MBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Streptomyces, Antimicrobial activities, Actinomycetes
Abstract: Streptomycetes are found to be the most predominant microflora among Actinomycetes population in organic soil. Many of them produce economically valuable compounds like antimicrobial agents, enzymes, etc. In this study Actinomycetes was isolated for their diversity from soil and screened Streptomycetes for antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi were studied. Most of the isolates obtained from the soil possess antifungal activity against Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus , Dreschleria, Cryptococcus and Candida but had no effect against bacteria.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50920
Title: The interaction of Mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium on two kind of clover with different root systems
Author: M.H.Sayadii and N.Shabani
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJ MBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mycorrhizal, Rhizobium, T.subterranean, T.alexanderium
Abstract: The study investigated the effects of interactions between the Rhizobium and Mycorrhizal fungi on nitrogen and phosphors accumulation, increased N and P content, biomass production and percentage of colonization by Trifolium subterranean and Trifolium alexanderinum. The plants were grown in a greenhouse until the flowering stage. The obtained results demonstrated that the inoculation of cloves increased the plants biomass, content of P and N and colonization of mycorrhizal in comparison with single and uninoculation with microorganisms under the study. But T.subterranean with finely branched and hairy roots had lower response to mycorrhizal associations. The result indicated that the synergistic or additive interactions among the components of Rhizobium, Mycorrhizal and plants association increased plant productivity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50919
Title: Optimizing the conditions of L- Glutamic acid production by Corynebacterium glutamicum
Author: Arun Sasi, A.Kalidoss, M.Ravikumar, A.Chanthru, R.Bhakyaraj and N. Yogananth
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJ MBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: L-Glutamic acid, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Biotin, Whey, Optimization
Abstract: Amino acid such as glutamic acid were synthesized has a unique physical and chemical properties.It have many application is good, medicinal and pharmaceutical field. Corynebacterium glutamicum was produced, large amount of L-glutamic acid than other organisms. Culture collected from MTCC institute of microbial technology. To optimize the production of L-Glutamic acid by changing the carbon source like dextrose, lactose, glucose, lactose, mannitold, mannose, starch and sucrose. Temperature 300 C, 370C and pH were adjusted to 5.5, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 respectively. Biotin were used at a concentration of 200 ?L, 100 ?L.Whey will act as an additional and cheaper carbon source . When biotin of 100 ?g/mL is liked, L-glutamic was produced at maximum of 300 ?g/mL with lactose act as carbon source and temperature of 370C for production. When biotin of 100 ?L was added to whey the production was maximum of 275 ?g/mL with temperature of 370C and pH of 6.5
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 50918
Title: Bio-preservation using bacteriocin (NISIN) produced by Lactococus lactis isolate from Cow milk
Author: D.Senbagam, B.Senthilkumar and M.Rajasekara Pandian
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K.Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (AJMBES) Vol.11, No.1, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cow milk, Lactococcus lactis, Bacteriocin, Nisin, Bacteriacidal activity, Biopreservation, Egg
Abstract: Bacteriocins, which are protenacious compounds produced by Lactococcus lactis.They inhibit the growth of Gram positive and few Gram negative pathogens involved in food spoilage and they are extended to be used as natural food preservatives. Lactococcus lactis isolated in this study is a nisin producing strain and they were purified using plate count agar enhanced with nalidixic acid and natamycin. In this study modified dairy based medium was used to extract the nisin from the cells. The amount of protein was also estimated and bactericidal activity was studied. The nisin extracted from the isolates can inhibit the organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis. For E.coli it showed intermediate result and for Salmonella typhi and Proteus vulgaris, it showed partial lysis (resistant). The nisin was also employed to preserve the eggs in this study. The nisin enhanced the self life of eggs upto 20 days and the eggs without nisin were spoiled at 7th day itself. In this study, it was concluded that the nisin obtained from Lactococcus lactis was able to inhibit the growth of some pathogens that are involved in food spoilage. So we can use nisin as a biopreservative for foods.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None