ID: 51622
Title: The economics of oil stockpiling and policy implications
Author: Francis D.Udoh
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Oil Stockpiling, Embargo, Supply Disruptions, International and Policy Implications
Abstract: An economic stockpile may be developed to serve a number of purposes, namely: the control of cyclical volatility, the decrease of monopoly power within a market, or the elimination of short-term supply disruptions. This study examined the concept of economic oil stockpiling, its benefits and policy implications. On the benefits side, stockpile drawdown during a supply disruption can dampen or forestall oil price increases, and therefore, reduce both the micro and macro-economic external losses related to supply disruptions. Also, the mere existence of a stockpile program can be a deterrent to any attempts to embargo for economic or political gains. While a stockpile policy should be viewed as a dynamic rather than a static problem, its international implication should be addressed and other countries policies incorporated in any stockpile decision making process.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51621
Title: Application of hotelling ' s economic theory of extraction of exhaustible resources to the mineral firm
Author: Francis D.Udoh
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Economic Theory, Extraction, Exhaustible Resources, Mining Firm, Optimal Rate of Depletion
Abstract: This paper presents some extensions of Hotelling ' s fundamental economic theory of extraction of exhaustible resources as applied to the mining firm. The optimal rate of depletion is applied to the operation of a single mine as in Gray (1914) and Scott (1967). The equilibrium rule by which the firm would allocate production to one period rather than another as a function of the rate of interest is described and what happens when the rate of interest rises is shown. The equilibrium path of prices, given demand, to exhaustion as in Hotelling (1931) and Herfindahl (1967) are also described. Some theoretical and empirical issues pertaining to the theory of exhaustion as an operational tool of significance to mineral companies are discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51620
Title: Economics of summer cucumber production with different mulches and irrigation levels under drip irrigation
Author: N.B.Kanade and H.M.Patil
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Cucumber, drip irrigation, mulches, irrigation levels, economics
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to find out the economics of different mulches and irrigation levels for cultivation of summer cucumber. It was observed that the maximum benefit cost (B:C) ratio of 4.57 was obtained in sugarcane trash mulch coupled with 75% ET irrigation level with net income of Rs. 35,1919/- per hectare. The minimum B:C ratio of 2.07 was obtained due to no mulch with 50% ET irrigation level. Thus, adoption of sugarcane trash mulch coupled with 75% irrigation level for summer cucumber crop was found to be the most economical.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51619
Title: Yield response of cucumber to different mulches and irrigation levels under drip irrigation
Author: N.B.Kanade and H.M.Patil
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Mulches, drip irrigation levels, cucumber yield field, water use efficiency
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to evaluate different mulches and irrigation levels for cucumber in respect of water requirement field water use efficiency and yield. It was observed that the yield of cucumber was maximum (27.56 t ha-1) due to adoption of sugarcane trash mulch with irrigation level of 100%, followed by sugarcane trash mulch with irrigation level of 75% (27.55 t ha-1), which were at par. The seasonal water requirement of cucumber under surface method of irrigation was 522.80 cm. In drip irrigation, the water requirement was 128.17, 186.51 and 244.86 mm in the treatments of irrigation levels of 50, 75 and 100% ET respectively, with 74.49, 63.36 and 52.27% of saving of water. The field water use efficiency was maximum (142.88 kg ha-1mm) in sugarcane trash mulch with irrigation level of 75% ET.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51618
Title: Studies on water quality of village Parwa Nabtol, Madhipura, Bihar
Author: R.B. Singh, Shaligram Singh and T.N.Mandal
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Water quality, Bihar, Groundwaters
Abstract: Evaluation of different physico-chemical parameters of ground water of village Parwa Nabtol (Murliganj Block, Madhipura District, Bihar) as carried out to study the water quality of the water samples. Samples were collected from different sources of different locations through out the year 2001. Parameters studied were pH, EC, TDS, fluoride, sulphate, chlorides and nitrates. The water was found to be unfit for drinking.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51617
Title: Performance of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum) under varying level of nutrient application
Author: S.S.Kumar, S.Barla, A.C.Pandey and R.Kumar
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Wheat, nutrients, yield attributes and economics
Abstract: The present experiment was carried out at Zonal Research Station, (Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi), Darisai, East Singhbhum, Jharkhand with the consideration of performance of different level of NPK application on late sown wheat during session 2004-05. The observations have been recorded on plant population, plant height, thousand grain weight, number of grain per spike, grain yield and straw yield. Economics of different fertilizer level has also been worked out. The treatments 80:75:40, 80:50:40, 100:50:40, 80:50:20 and 80:50:60 have quite similar results on yield attributes and obtained significantly better results as compared with other treatments. The treatment 80:75:40 produced maximum grain yield (31.40 q/ha) and straw yield (55.26 q/ha). The fertilizer level 80:50:40 established as the best treatment for maximizing net return (18617.60 Rs/ha) as well as B:C ratio (2.43), therefore, it is economical and profitable at the farmers level.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51616
Title: Occurrence and management of rice gall midge in transplanted rice (Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason)
Author: G.Mardi, A.C.Pandey and S.S.Kumar
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Transplanted rice, Gall midge, Host, Occurrence, Management
Abstract: For the study of occurrence of Rice Gall Midge in Transplanted rice three grasses Eleusine indica, Bathirochloa sp. and Paspalum sp. have been recorded as alternative host of rice gall midge. Highest infestation was observed on Eleusine indica in second week of July. Seasonal occurrence of Orseolia oryzae W.M. on kharif rice showed that pest infestation started in second week of August and continued upon last week of October, the peak activity was observed in last week of September. Parasite activity of Platygaster oryzae was started in the last week of August, at the minimum host infestation of 2.0%. The peak activity occurred during second week of October, consequently heavy (42%) mortality of gall midge due to this natural enemy was observed during this month. Field trial, for the management of gall midge by insecticides, was conducted in transplanted kharif rice. The lowest incidence of rice gall midge was observed in the plots treated with Carbofuran 3G followed by Chloropyriphos 40 EC and Phorate 10G. Highest grain yield was also obtained from the plots treated with Carbofuran 3G (3032.5 kg/ha) followed by Chloropyriphos 40EC (2910.0 kg/ha) and Phorate 10G(2832.5 kg/ha). The cost benefit ratio showed that Chloropyriphos was most economical.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51615
Title: A proposed pattern of "Land Capacity Classification" system
Author: A.C.Pandey and N.N.Sirothia
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Land use capability classification system (LCC)
Abstract: In this paper a pattern have been proposed for land classification determination as an alternate to the existing Land Use Capability Classification in India. In the proposed methodology, for determination of land class, the procedure have been adopted for award of numerical marks as a weightage to the various soil, land characteristics and to the natural hazards and the sum of this weigtage determines the class obtained by that land and the land is classified accordingly. One basic concept adopted in this classification is that all those lands which are "economical to cultivate are suitable for cultivation" irrespective of its land slope or other natural hazards.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51614
Title: Yield, quality and nutrients uptake of pearlmillet as influenced by sowing dates and planting techniques under legume based cropping system
Author: A.B.Kamble, H.M. Patil and C.B.Gaikwad
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Sowing dates, planting techniques, pearl millet, growth attributes, Yield attributes and nutrient uptake
Abstract: All the growth and yield attributes of pearlmillet during kharif season were found significantly higher due to normal sowing date (25 th MW) than late sowing date (27th MW) during both the years. The normal sowing date registered significantly higher grain, straw and biological yield than early and late sowing dates. The yield attributes of pearlmillet (kharif season) were significantly increased with alternate row skipped planting technique than conventional and one row skipped after every two rows planting techniques. However, grain, straw and biological yield were significantly higher with conventional planting technique during both the years. The highest total uptake of N, P2O5 and K2O by the plants were observed due to normal sowing date and with conventional planting technique crop during both the years.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51613
Title: Growth, yield, quality and nutrients uptake of wheat under different sowing dates and planting techniques in legume cereal based cropping systems in scarcity zone of Western Maharashtra
Author: A.B.Kamble, H.M. Patil and C.B.Gaikwad
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Sowing dates, cropping sequences, planting techniques, sustainable value index and energy
Abstract: A field experiement was conducted during 2002-03 and 2003-04 to evaluate different cropping sequences in relation to time of sowing and planting techniques. All the growth and yield attributes of wheat (46 MW) during rabi season were found significantly higher due to normal sowing date (46 MW) than late sowing date (48 MW) during both the years. The normal sowing date (46 MW) registered significantly higher grain, straw and biological yield than early (44 MW) and late sowing date (48 MW) in wheat crop. The soybean-wheat cropping sequence exhibited significantly higher growth attributes and yield than pearlmillet- wheat cropping sequence. The yield attributes of wheat (rabi season) were significantly increased with alternate row skipped planting technique than conventional and one row skipped after every two rows planting techniques. However, grain, straw and biological yield of wheat crop were significantly higher with conventional planting technique during both the years. The highest total uptake of N, P2O5 and K2O by the plants was observed due to normal sowing date, soybean-wheat cropping sequence and with conventional planting technique during both the years.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51612
Title: Yield, quality and nutrients uptake of soybean as influenced by sowing dates and planting techniques under legume based cropping system
Author: A.B.Kamble, H.M.Patil and C.B.Gaikwad
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Sowing dates, cropping sequences, planting techniques, growth, attributes, uptake
Abstract: The important growth attributes viz.,plant height, number of branches per plant, number of compound leaves, leaf area per plant, dry matter accumulation per plant, and root nodules per plant were significantly increased with normal sowing date (25th MW). However, number of compound leaves and dry matter accumulation per plant and root nodules per plant were at par with early sowing date (23rd MW) during both the years of experimetation. Similarly, important yield contributing characters viz., number of pods, number of grains, grain weight per plant and test weight were significantly higher with normal sowing date (25th MW) as compared to late sowing date (27th MW). However, all these yield attributes were at par with early sowing date (23rd MW) during second year of investigation. The normal sowing date registered significantly higher grain, straw and biological yield than late sowing date but it was at par with early sowing date during all the two years of experimentation and on pooled mean basis. The protein content in soybean grain at harvest was increased significantly with normal sowing date (25th MW) as compared to late sowing date (27th MW), however, it was at par with early (23rd MW) sowing date during both the years. The total uptake of NPK was significantly higher with normal sowing date (25 MW) as compared to early (23 MW) and late sowing dates (27th MW) during both the years of investigation. The important growth attributes viz., plant height, number of branches per plant; number of compound leaves, leaf area, and dry matter accumulation per plant were not influenced significantly due to different cropping sequences during both the years. The important yield attributes viz., number of pods, number of grains and grain weight per plant and 100 grain weight were significantly increased with soybean-wheat cropping sequence during all the two years except number of pods and grain weight per plant during second year of investigation. The grain, straw and biological yield of soybean was not influenced significantly by different cropping sequences during both the years and on pooled mean basis. The uptake of NPK was increased significantly with soybean-wheat cropping sequence during both the years. The protein and oil content in soybean grain was not influenced significantly due to different cropping sequences during both the years except protein content during second year of investigation. Important growth attributes of soybean viz., number of branches per plant, leaf area, dry matter accumulation per plant, showed significant improvement with alternate row skipped planting technique than rest of the planting techniques during both the years. The important yield components of soybean viz., number of pods, number of grains, grain weight per plant and hundred seed weight were significantly increased with alternate row skipped planting technique than conventional and one row skipped after every two rows planting techniques during both the years. The grain, straw and biological yield of soybean was significantly higher with conventional planting technique during both the years the alternate row skipped planting technique registered significantly higher oil content than conventional and one row skipped after every two rows planting techniques. However, protein content in soybean grain was remained unchanged due to different planting techniques during both the years. The total uptake of NPK was significantly higher with conventional planting tecnique than rest of the planting techniques during both the years.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51611
Title: Effect of different sowing dates and methods of planting on crop productivity, profitability and soil health under different crop sequences
Author: H.M.Patil, A.G.Wani, A.B.Kamble and C.B.Gaikwad
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Sowing dates, Productivity, planting techniques and soil health
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during 2002-03 and 2003-04 at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Cropping Systems Main Centre, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri (M.S.) to evaluate different cropping sequences in relation to time of sowing and planting techniques. The soybean - wheat cropping sequence recorded significantly maximum pearlmillet equivalent yield (100.16 q/ha), gross monetary returns (Rs. 66,665/ha), net monetary returns (Rs 45,930/ha) than pearmillet-wheat and soybean-rabi sorghum cropping seauences. However, maximum B:C ratio (3.30) was observed with soybean-rabi sorghum cropping sequence. The maximum sustainable value index (0.56) was recorded by the soybean-wheat cropping sequence. The soybean-wheat cropping sequence recorded numerically maximum energy input value (33540) however, energy output (204013), energy balance (170474), energy balance per unit input (5.09) and energy input out put ratio (6.09) were significantly higher with pearlmilet-wheat cropping sequence. As regards to sowing time the normal sowing date recorded significantly higher pearlmillet equivalent yield (98.10 q ha-1), monetary returns, sustainable value index (0.59) and energy assessment values as compared to early and late sowing dates. Among planting techniques conventional planting techniques proved its superiority over alterante row skipped planting and one row skipped after every two rows planting by recording significantly higher values in respect of pearlmillet equivalent (91.23 q ha-1), monetary returns and maximum sustainable value index (0.49), however, maximum B:C ration (3.19) was recorded by alternate row skipped planting technique. Similarly, conventional planting technique recorded significantly higher values of all energy parameters as compare to rest of the planting techniques.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51610
Title: Diversity of tree communities and its relationships with soil properties in a peat swamp forest in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia
Author: M.S.Nizam, P.Ismail, A.Latiff, I. Shamsudin and I.Faridah - Hanum
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: edaphic factors, plant-soil relationships, wetland, peat depth, community structure
Abstract: A study was conducted in a peat swamp forest at Pekan Forest Reserve, Pahang in Peninsular Malaysia with objectives to assess tree diversity and to examine relationships between tree communities and its soil characteristics. Tree species inventory was conducted in a one-hectare plot at three selected forest compartments viz. Compartment 100, 156 and 200, whilst soil samplings were carried out in nine selected subplots of each compartment, totalling 27 subplots for soil analyses. The measured soil variables include peat depth, soil pH, organic matter content, available Mg, P and K, total inorganic-N, total cation exchange capacity (CEC) and content of clay and silt. A total of 376 trees were enumerated in the plot at Compartment 100 which comprised of 49 species in 38 genera and 26 families. Compartment 156 contained a composition of 68 tree species in 49 genera and 28 families from a total of 557enumerated trees whilst Compartment 200 recorded 555 trees which comprised of 100 tree species in 76 genera and 38 families. Guttiferae was the most speciose family in plots at Compartment 100 and 200, while Burseraceae was the most speciose in Compartment 156. The most important species in Compartments 100, 156 and 200 were Calophyllum ferrugenium var. ferrugenium, Stemonurus secundiflorus and Madhuca motleyana, respectively. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H ' ) of tree species were different significantly between the study plots with H ' values of 3.15, 3.61 and 4.12 for the plots in Compartments 100, 156 and 200, respectively. Soils of the study site were acidic and showed peat and silty clay texture, whilst available nutrients were of low to high concentrations. A floristic compositional pattern was observed among all surveyed subplots which were correlated to the edaphic variables as revealed by canonical correspondence analysis. Peat depth, soil pH, total inorganic-N, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus appear to be the principal environmental determinants of tree communities in the study plots.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51609
Title: Richness, abundance and ecology of Rotifera of Loktak lake, Manipur (Northeastern India)
Author: B.K.Sharma
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Rotifera, richness, abundance, ecology, Loktak lake, Ramsar site
Abstract: Rotifera, the most diverse group of zooplankton of Loktak Lake (a Ramsar site), reveal 104 and 85 species, show montly richness between 57+ 10 and 48 + 6 species and record 51.8 - 78.4% and 52.0 -81.6% community similarities during two years of the study period respectively. Richness follows multimodal annual patterns and exhibits winter peaks. Rotifera (84-188; 125 + 25 n/l) form an important quantitative component (39.4 - 65.2%) of zooplankton; abundance follows multimodal and trimodal patterns of variations with peaks during autumn-winter (1st year) and during winter (2nd year). Lecanidae > Brachionidae notably influence quantitative variations of this group. ANOVA registers significant annual and montly variations of richness and abundance. The present results indicate no definite periodicity of occurrence or abundance of any family, group or species of Rotifera. The rotifer communities are characterized by higher species diversity, higher evenness and lower dominance, and exhibit relatively lower numbers (density) of majority of species. Richness is positively correlated with specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen and records negative correlations with hardness, chloride and total dissolved solids. Abundance is negatively correlated with pH, hardness, nitrate, chloride and total dissolved solids. Multiple regression registers higher cumulative influence of 15 abiotic factors on temporal variations of richness and abundance.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51608
Title: The study of factor analysis and the correlation between traits for rapeseed oil and seed yield
Author: Mehdi, Abtali, Valiullah Rameeh, Esmaeil Yasari and Yahia Abtali
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Rapeseed cultivars, RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design), pods
Abstract: Number of 25 lines and spring type genotypes of rapeseed cultivars were studied based on RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design), in order to evaluate and determine the correlation between rapeseed traits and Factor analysis for yield components, seed yield and oil. The study was conducted during cropping season 2005-2006 at Baiecola Agricultural Research Station, of northern Iran. The results of analysis of variation showed that there were significant differences between genotypes for the studied traits. Plant height, total number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pods, amongst the studied traits, had positive and significant correlation with seed yield. Any change in these traits therefore, could cause significant effects on seed yield. Factor Analysis showed that number of days to maturity, plant height, number of days to end to flowering (among the main factors) with factor leadings 0.92, 0.94 and 0.66 respectively, played the most important role and therefore were recognized and entitled as the Morpho-Phenological factors. The studied also besides showed that among the yield components, number of pods per plant with factor leadings 0.74 played the most important role for seed yield as well.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None