ID: 51637
Title: Estimation of Surface Runoff in Malattar Sub-watershed using SCS-CN Method
Author: R. Amutha, P.Porchelvan
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Rainfall-runoff, SCS-CN method, Watershed, Land use/land cover, GIS
Abstract: Nowadays watershed management plays a vital role in water resources engineering. Watershed based on water resources management is necessary to plan and conserve the available resources. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques can be effectively used to manage spatial and non spatial database that represent the hydrologic characteristics of the watershed use as realistically as possible. The present study area is Malattar sub-watershed (4C2B2) lies in the region Gudiyattam Block, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu. The daily rainfall data of Gudiyattam rain gauge station (1971-2007) was collected and used to predict the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number (SCS-CN) method (USDA, 1972) and GIS. Monthly and annual runoff have been calculated from the mothly rainfall data for the years of 1971 to 2007 in the watershed area. The average minimum and maximum rainfall for the years of 1971 to 2007 is 35.30 mm and 111.61 mm respectively and average runoff for the year of 1971 to 2007 is 31.87 mm3 and 47.04 mm3 respectively. The developed rainfall - runoff model is used to understand the watershed and its runoff flow characteristics.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51636
Title: Discriminating the Invasive Species, ' Lantana ' using Vegetation Indices
Author: Rashmi Kandwal, C.Jeganathan, Valentyn Tolpekin, S.P.S. Kushwaha
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Invasive species, Lantana, Landsat, Vegetation Index, Remote sensing
Abstract: Invasive species have been the focus of environmentalists due to their undesired impact on the ecosystem. Spread of Lantana (Lantana camara L.), an invasive plant species, has been found in diverse geophysical environments causing a threat to the native flora. Various eradication programmes have been attempted such as burning, chemical sprays, bio-control agents and physical plugging mechanism for removing such invasive species in India. The efforts and success of these programmes need to be augmented with a correct, quick and cost effective technique of mapping in order to locate them, understand their spatial extent and hence make the process comprehensive. Also Lantana ' s appearance as dense vegetation patches in remote sensing data causes problems for estimating forest canopy density. Remote sensing provides a possible solution in qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating terrestrial surface vegetation cover using spectral measure-ments. This research paper addresses issues and techniques adopted to detect and extract Lantana, and can be used for various applications in forestry as well as in eradication programmes. This study attempted to understand the appropriate band combination using Landsat data and generating vegetation indices in order to extract Lantana patches in an accurate manner. Twenty nine different vegetation indices were analyzed for their effectiveness in differentiating Lantana from other classes. The study showed that SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) is most favorable in discriminating Lantana followed by Perpendicular Vegetation Index-3 in the optimum bio-window (February to April).
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51635
Title: Prioritization of Sub-watersheds based on Morphometric and Land Use Analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Author: Akram Javed, Mohd Yousuf khanday, Rizwan Ahmed
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Watershed, Priority, Land use change, Morphometry
Abstract: Watershed prioritization has gained importance in natural resources management, especially in the context of watershed management. Morphometric analysis has been commonly applied to prioritization of watersheds. The present study makes an attempt to prioritize sub-watersheds based on morphometric and land use charateristics using remote sensing and GIS techniques in kanera watershed of Guna district, Madhya Pradesh. Various morphometric parameters, namely linear and shape have been determined for each sub-watershed and assigned ranks on the basis of value/relationship so as tp arrive at a computed value for a final ranking of the sub-watersheds. Land use/land cover change analysis of the sub-watersheds has been carried out using multi-temporal data of IRS LISS II of 1989 and IRS LISS III of 2001. The study demonstrates the significant land use changes especially in cultivated lands, open scrub, open forest, water bodies and wastelands from 1989 to 2001. Based on morphometric and land use/land cover analysis, the sub-watersheds have been classified into three categories as high, medium and low in terms of priority for conservation and management of natural resources. Out of the seven sub-watersheds, two sub-watersheds viz., SW1 and SW6 qualify for high priority, whereas SW7 has been categorised as medium priority based on the integration of morphometric and land use change analysis.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51634
Title: Demarcation of Palaeochannels and Integrated Ground Water Resources Mapping in Parts of Hisar District, Haryana
Author: B.S.Chaudhary, Sandeep Aggarwal
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Ground water, Data integration, Remote sensing, GIS, Palaeochannel
Abstract: Present study deals with the demarcation of palaeochannels and mapping of integrated water resources in parts of Hisar district, Haryana using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-ID) LISS-III Data of December 21, 2001. The landforms identified are Sand Dune, Dune Complex, Aeolian Plain, Fluvio-aeolian plain, Palaeochannel and Younger Alluvial Plain formed by aeolian, fluvio-aeolian, and fluvial processes. These palaeochannels are first time demarcated in the area. The ground water prospects of various geomorphic units have been assessed. Depth to water level and ground water quality maps were digitized and put in to GIS format. Ground water prospects and quality maps were integrated and depth to water level information was draped on it to prepare final integrated ground water resources map. This map depicts ground water prospects, quality and depth together in a single map, which will help in and ground water exploration.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51633
Title: Using InfoVal Method and GIS Techniques for the Spatial Modelling of Landslide Susceptibility in the Upper Catchment of River Meenachil in Kerala
Author: H.Vijith, P.G.Rejith, G. Madhu
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: InfoVal, GIS, Meenachil, Kerala, Susceptibility, AUC
Abstract: A GIS- based statistical methodology for landslide susceptibility zonation is described and its application to a study area in the Western Ghats of Kerala (India) is presented. The study area was approximately 218.44 km2 and 129 landslides were identified in this area. The environmental attributes used for the landslide susceptibility analysis include geomorphology, slope, aspect, slope length, plan curvature, profile curvature, elevation, drainage density, distance from drainages, lineament density, distance from lineaments and land use. The quantitative relationship between landslides and factors affecting landslides are established by the data driven-Information Value (InfoVal)-method. By applying and integrating the InfoVal weights using ArcGIS software, a continuous scale of numerical indices (susceptibility index) is obtained with which the study area is divided into five classes of landslide susceptibility. In order to validate the results of the susceptibility analysis, a success rate curve was prepared. The map obtained shows that a great majority of the landslides (74.42%) identified in the field were located in susceptible and highly susceptible zones (27.29%). The area ratio calculated by the area under curve (AUC) method shows a prediction accuracy of 80.45%. The area having a high scale of susceptibility lies on side slope plateaus and denudational hills with high slopes where drainage density is relatively low and terrain modified is relatively intense.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51632
Title: Land Suitability Analysis for Cereal Production in Himachal Pradesh (India) using Geographical Information System
Author: R.M.Bhagat, Sharda Singh, C.Sood, R.S. Rana, V.Kalia, S.Pradhan, W.Immerzeel, B.Shrestha
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: GIS, Land suitability, Cereal crops, Agriculture
Abstract: Land suitability analysis is prerequisite for sustainable agriculture and it plays a pivotal role in the niche based agricultural planning in mountain regions. In this paper different parameters viz.climatic (precipitation and temperature), topographic (elevation), soil type and land cover/land use have been used in order to perform land suitability evaluation for cereals food-grain crops in Himachal Pradesh using Geographic Information System (GIS). The suitability analysis was performed by digital processing of geo-referenced data (elevation, climate, soil and landcover) and calculating potential production areas by combining different types of geographical data through decision rules framed for each crop in Arc View spatial analyst. Suitable areas have been delineated for cereal crops in the form of land suitability maps. In comparison to the actual area under cereal crops, the possibility of further expansion under each cereal crop was determined. These discriminated areas appear suitable for growing these crops and can be harnessed efficiently for achieving long term sustainability and food security.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51631
Title: Automatic Urban Road Extraction using Airborne Laser Scanning/ Altimetry and High Resolution Satellite Data
Author: Poonam S. Tiwari, H. Pande, Ashwini Kumar Pandey
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Urban road extraction, LiDAR, High-resolution data, Object oriented appraoch, Multi-resolution segementation and Filtration
Abstract: Automatic road extraction from remotely sensed images has been an active research in urban area during last few decades. But such study becomes difficult in urban environment due to mix of natural and man-made features. This research explores methodology for semiautomatic extraction of urban roads. An integrated approach of airborne laser scanning (ALS) altimetry and high-resolution data has been used to extract road and differentiate them from flyovers. Object oriented fuzzy rule based approach classifies roads from high resolution satellite images. Complete road network is extracted with the combination of ALS and high-resolution data. The results show that an integration of LiDAR data and IKONOS data gives better accuracy for automatic road extraction. The method was applied on urban area of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51630
Title: Impact of India ' s New Map Policy on Accuracy of GIS Theme
Author: Jayanta Kumar Ghosh, Abhishek Dubey
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: New map policy, Spatial accuracy, Datum transformation, Map projection, UTM, Polyconic projection
Abstract: With the declaration of India ' s new map policy (NMP), user community is looking towards its impact on spatial accuracy of GIS theme maps arising out of transformation from existing system (Polyconic Projection on Everest 1830 spheriod datum) to Open series maps (OSM in UTM projection on WGS 84 ellipsoid) and vice versa. This results in registration error of existing maps with new maps. This study aims at finding out the impact of transformation on the spatial location and to determine the extent to which the existing theme layers can be used along with the new series maps without losing accuracy. Results show that there are some geographic regions in India whose GIS database can be used as it is available, depending on the scale and within the acceptable positional accuracy. For other region, depending on the scale of theme layers, a detail analysis of the situation will be required depending on project requirements.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51629
Title: Satellite- based Analysis of the Role of Land Use/Land Cover and Vegetation Density on Surface Temperature Regime of Delhi, India
Author: Yogesh Kant, B.D.Bharath, Javed Mallick, Clement Atzberger, Norman Kerle
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Land surface temperature, Vegetation density, Emissivity, MNF
Abstract: The knowledge of the surface temperature is important to a range of issues and themes in earth sciences central to urban climatology, global environmental change and human-enviornment interactions. The study analyses land surface temperature (LST) estimation using temporal ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) datasets (day time and night time) over National Capital Territory Delhi using the surface emissivity information at pixel level. The spatial variations of LST over different land use/land cover (LU/LC) at day time and night time were analysed and relatioship between the spatial distribution of LU/LC and vegetation density with LST was developed. Minimum noise fraction (MNF) was used for LU/LC classification which gave better accuracy than classification with original bands. The satellite derived emissivity values were found to be in good agreement with literature and field measured values. It was observed that fallow land, waste land/bare soil, commerical/ industrial and high dense built up area have high surface temperature values during day time, compared to those over water bodies, agricultural cropland, and dense vegetation. During night time high surface temperature values are found over high dense built-up, water bodies, commerical/industrial and low dense built-up than over fallow land, dense vegetation and agricultural cropland. It was found that there is a strong negative correlation between surface temperature and NDVI over dense vegetation, sparse vegetation and low dense built-up area while with fraction vegetation cover, it indicates a moderate negative correlation. The results suggest that the methodology is feasible to estimate NDVI, surface emissivity and surface temperature with reasonable accuracy over heterogeneous urban area. The analysis also indicates that the relationship between the spatial distribution of LU/LC and vegetation density is closely related to the development of urban heat islands (UHI).
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51628
Title: Design of a Neuro Fuzzy Model for Image Compression in Wavelet Domain
Author: Vipula Singh, Navin Rajpal, K.Srikanta Murthy
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Image compression, Fuzzy vector quantization, Multi resolution analysis, Wavelet transform, Neural network
Abstract: Image compression forms the backbone for several applications such as storage of images in a database, picture archiving, TV and facsimile transmission, and video conferencing. Compression of images involves taking advantage of the redundancy in the data present within an image. This work evaluates the performance of an image compression system based on fuzzy vector quantization, wavelet-based sub band decomposition and neural network. The vector quantization is often used when high compression ratios are required. The implementation consists of three steps; first, the image is deocomposed into a set of sub bands with different resolutions corresponding to different frequency bands. Different quantization and coding schemes are used for different sub bands based on their statistical properties. In the second step, wavelet coefficients corresponding to the lowest frequency band are compressed by differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) and the coefficients corresponding to higher frequency bands are compressed using neural network.Finally, the result of the second step was used as input to fuzzy vector quantizer. Image quality was compared objectively using mean squared error and peak signal to noise ratio along with the visual appearance. The simulation results show clear performance improvement with respect to decoded picture quality when compared with other image compression techniques (Liu, 2005; Premaraju, 1996)
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51627
Title: Automatic Main Road Extraction from High Resolution Satellite Imageries by Means of particle Swarm Optimization Applied to a Fuzzy-based Mean Calculation Approach
Author: A. Mohammadzadeh, M.J.Valadan Zoej, A. Tavakoli
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Road extraction, Particle swarm optimization, Fuzzy logic, Mathematical Morphology, High resolution satellite images, IKONOS
Abstract: Manual extraction of road network by human operator is an expensive and time - consuming procedure. Alternatively, automation of the extraction process would be a great advancement. For this purpose, an automatic method is proposed to extract roads from high resolution satellite images. In this study, using few samples from road surface, a particle swarm optimization is applied to a fuzzy-based mean calculation system to obtain road mean values in each band of high resolution satellite colour images. Then, the images are segmented using the calculated mean values from the fuzzy system. Optimizing the fuzzy cost function by particle swarm optimization enables the fuzzy approach to be the best mean value of road with sub-grey level precision. Initially, this method was applied to simulated images where the calculated mean values are consistent with the hypothetic mean values. Application of the method to IKONOS satellite images has shown a prospective outcome for automatic road extraction. Mathematical morphology is subsequently used to extract an initial main road centreline from the segmented image. Then, small redundant segments are automatically removed. The quality of the extracted road centreline indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51626
Title: The Moon Sight by KALPANA Imager
Author: P.K.Pal, Shivani Shah
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 2, June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: KALPANA satellite, Infra red images, Moon image
Abstract: Visible and infra-red (IR) channel data of KALPANA imager received at Bopal Earth Station at Space Application Centre has captured the Moon at several times. The range of Moon surface brightness in the visible channel image is compared with that of similar size Earth scene. The increase in brightness due to a closer Moon on a particular day is also seen in the histogram of the surface brightness. The brightness temperature map from the IR channel data of the Moon is also constructed. The analysis of the Moon images has a potential for monitoring degradation of the sensor optics over time.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51625
Title: Behavioral ecology of Laudakia tuberculata: Gray in Western Himalaya ' s of Kashmir
Author: Mehraj Bashir, Mustafa Shah and Ulfat Jan
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: ]Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: ]
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Laudakia, Habitat, Basking, Hibernation
Abstract: The studies of habitat preferences and activity patterns of Laudakia tuberculata: Gray were carried out in Western Himalayan areas of Kashmir. The studies were carried out for a period of one year from Nov 2002 to Nov 2003. The lizard preferred hilly areas with stone piles in which it took retreat as the lizard do not form holes of its own. The routine daily activities started late in the morning in spring and autumn and basked more frequently in these seasons. In summer season activity started early in the morning with a brief resting period in the middle of the day due to extreme hot conditions. Hot areas were more preferred than other areas as huge numbers were found at some sites of Teetwal area which is hotter than other areas of the habitat. The lizard hibernate every year during cold months from Nov to March, thus is an obligatory hibernator. Hot areas were more preferred than other areas as huge numbers were found at some sites of Teetwal area which is hotter than other areas of the habitat. The lizard hibernate every year during cold months from Nov to March, thus is an obligatory hibernator.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51624
Title: "Diet and diet choice in the common Kashmir lizard, Laudakia tuberculata: gray"
Author: Mehraj Bashir, G.Mustafa Shah and Ulfat Jan
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Laudakia tuberculata, feeding, omnivorous, opportunistic
Abstract: Food, feeding habits and diet choice of common Kashmir lizard Laudakia tuberculata: Gray were studied in the Western Hamalayan areas of Kashmir. Methods of direct observation and gut content analyses were employed to study the diet and dietary habits of this lizard. Data were collected on montly as well as seasonal basis to find out the diet choice of the lizard. The lizard was found to be omnivorous with more tendency towards herbivory. Plant matter predominate and comprised of 67% of diet by weight. Among animal matter which comprised of 33% of the diet by weight coleopterans were predominant. The lizard was found to be opportunistic feeder. Diet changed montly as well as seasonally as per the availability of the food in the field.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51623
Title: Recent trends in exploration and mineral development and mitigating environmental impact
Author: S.K.Gupta
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Ecological balance, Automation Globalisation, Hydrometallurgy, Heap leaching, Information technology, Explosive energy, Geomodel
Abstract: The paper envisages latest trend in exploration methodology and resource assessment and technology update in mining and mechanization. The projection of basic necessities for accelerating the exploration activity for yielding mineral deposits for mining purpose and the necessity for a time bound action plan is important in mining sector reforms. The emerging trends in mining industry focus on the run-of-mine ore at lowered costs and the technological advancements in exploration techniques, automation and mining equipments. Globalisation and advancements in communication has brought in awareness to the public of environmental, economic social isssues posing new challenges to the mining industry. A mineral deposit will turn into a successful mine depending on the results brought out by advance exploration techniques. Minerals when explored must be brought into production or made ready for exploitation under existing cost and technology as an undeveloped deposit pay nothing and eventually the cost would increase with the future energy cost and metallurgical innovations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None