|
Ecology of the Swampy Relic Forests of Kathalekan from Central Western Ghats, India
|
|
Chandran MDS1, Rao GR2, Gururaja KV3, Ramachandra TV4,*
Energy and Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
E mail: 1mds@ces.iisc.ernet.in, 2grrao@ces.iisc.ernet.in, 3gururaj@ces.iisc.ernet.in, 4tvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in |
REFERENCES
- Ahmedullah M, Nayar MP (1987) Endemic Plants of the Indian Region Vol I (Peninsular India) Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, 261 pp
- Ali S, Rao GR, Mesta DK, Sreekantha, Mukri VD, Chandran MDS, Gururaja KV, Joshi NV, Ramachandra TV (2007) Ecological Status of Sharavathi Wildlife Sanctuary, CES, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 185 pp
- Anonymous (1923) Revenue Department Resolution no. 7211, May, 3 pp, Government of Bombay
- Amrithalingam M (1998) Kovilkadugal (Sacred Groves) of Tamil Nadu – A Survey,CPR Environmental Education Centre, Chennai, 191 pp
- Ashton PS (1964) Excerpts from ecological studies in the mixed dipterocarp forest of Brunei State. Oxford University Memoirs 25, 1-75
- Bhat A, Jayaram KC (2004) A new species of the genus Batasio Blyth (Siluriformes: Bagridae) from Sharavathi River, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka. Zoos’ Print Journal 19, 1339-1342
- Bourgeon G (1989) Explanatory Booklet on the Reconnaissance Map of Forest Area,Western Karnataka and Goa French Institute, Pondicherry, 96 pp
- Brandis D, Grant IP (1868) Joint report no. 33 dated 11th May, 1868, on the kans in the Sorab taluka. Forest Department, Shimoga, 62 pp
- Caratini M, Fontugne M, Pascal JP, Tissot C, Bentaleb I (1991) A major change at ca. 3500 years BP in the vegetation of the Western Ghats in North Kanara, Karnataka. Current Science 61, 669-672
- Chhabra A, Palria S, Dadhwal VK (2002) Growing stock-based forest biomass estimate for India. Biomass and Bioenergy 22, 187-194
- Chandran MDS (1997) On the ecological history of the Western Ghats. Current Science 73, 148-155
- Chandran MDS (1998) Shifting cultivation, sacred groves and conflicts in colonial forest policy in the Western Ghats. In: Grove RH, Damodaran V, Sangwan S (Eds) Nature and the Orient: The Environmental History of South and Southeast Asia, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, pp 674-707
- Chandran MDS, Gadgil M (1993) Kans: safety forests of the Western Ghats. In: Brandl H (Ed) Geschichte der Kleinprivatwaldwirtschaft Geschichte des Bauernwaldes,Forstliche Versuchs-und Forschungsanstalt, Freiburg, pp 49-57
- Chandran MDS, Gadgil M (1998) Sacred groves and sacred trees of Uttara Kannada. In: Saraswati B (Ed) Life Style and Ecology,Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts and DK Printworld, New Delhi, pp 85-138
- Chandran MDS, Gadgil M, Hughes JD (1998) Sacred groves of the Western Ghats of India. In: Ramakrishnan PS, Saxena KG, Chandrashekhara UM (Eds) Conserving the Sacred for Biodiversity Management,Oxford & IBH, New Delhi, pp 211-237
- Chandran MDS, Mesta DK (2001) On the conservation of the Myristica swamps of the Western Ghats. In: Shaanker UR, Ganeshaiah KN, Bawa KS (Eds) Forest Genetic Resources: Status, Threats and Conservation Strategies,Oxford & IBH, New Delhi, pp 1-19
- Chandran MDS, Mesta DK, Naik MB (1999) Inventorying and Conservation of the Myristica Swamps of Uttara Kannada (Final Report), Forest Research and Training Institute, Bangalore, 162 pp
- Chandran MDS, Mesta DK, Rao GR, Ali S, Gururaja KV, Ramachandra TV (2008) Discovery of two critically endangered tree species and issues related to relic forests of the Western Ghats. The Open Conservation Biology Journal 2, 1-8
- Conservation International (2005) Hotspots Revisited: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions, CI, US, 392 pp
- Daniels RJR (2003) Biodiversity of the Western Ghats: An overview. In: Wildlife and Protected Areas, Conservation of Rainforests in India. In: Gupta AK, Kumar A, Ramakantha V (Eds). ENVIS Bulletin 4, 25-14
- Dasappa, Swaminath MH (2000) A new species of Semecarpus (Anacardiaceae) from the Myristica swamps of Westrn Ghatsof North Kanara, Karnataka, India. Indian Forester 126, 78-82
- Deb D, Deuti K, Malhotra KC (1997) Sacred grove relics as bird refugia. Current Science 73, 815-817
- Denham TP, Haberle SG, Lentifer C (2004) New evidence and revised interpretations of early agriculture in highland New Guinea. Antiquity 78, 839-857
- Dikshit KR (2001) The Western Ghats: A geomorphic overview. Memoir Geological Society of India 47, 159-183
- FAO (2005) State of the World’s Forests, FAO, Rome, 168 pp
- Fedorov AA (1966) the structure of the tropical rain forest and speciation in the humid tropics. Journal of Ecology 54, 1-11
- Froyd CA, Willis KJ (2008) Emerging issues in biodiversity and conservation management: The need for palaeoecological perspective. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 1723-1732
- Gadgil M, Berkes F (1991) Traditional resource management systems. Resource Management and Optimization 18, 127-141
- Gillespie TW, Jaffre T (2003) Tropical dry forests of New Caledonia. Biodiversity and Conservation 12, 1687-1697
- Haberle SG (2007) Prehistoric human impact on rainforest biodiversity in highland New Guinea. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: London Bulletin of Biological Sciences 362, 219-228
- Haripriya GS (2000) Estimates of biomass in Indian forests. Biomass and Bioenergy 19, 245-258
- Hook DD, Scholtens JR (1978) Adaptations and flood tolerance of tree species. In: Hook DD, Crawford RM (Eds) Ann Arbor Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp 299-331
- Hughes JD, Chandran MDS (1998) Sacred groves around the Earth: An overview. In: Ramakrishnan PS, Saxena KG, Chandrashekhara UM (Eds) Conserving the Sacred for Biodiversity Management,Oxford & IBH, New Delhi, pp 69-86
- IUCN (2009) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. Available online: www.iucnredlist.org
- IUCN (2009) Amphibians on the IUCN Red List. Available online: http://www.iucnredlist.org/amphibians
- Kokou K, Adjossou K, Kokutse AD (2006) Considering sacred and riverside forests in criteria and indicators of forest management in low wood producing countries: The case of Togo. Ecological Indicators 8, 158-169
- Kozlowski TT (1982) Water supply and tree growth. Forestry Abstracts 43, 145-161
- Krishnamoorthy K (1960) Myristica swamps in the evergreen forests of Travancore. In: Tropical Moist Evergreen Forest Symposium, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, pp 1-4
- Krishnamurthy RS, Kiester AR (1998) Analysis of lion-tailed macaque habitat fragmentation using satellite imagery. Current Science 75, 283-291
- Llatas-Quiroz S, Lopez-Mesones M (2005) Bosques montanos-relictos kanaris (Lamabayeque Peru). Revista Peruana de Biologia 12, 299-308
- Ludwig JA, Reynolds JF (1988) Statistical Ecology – A Primer on Methods and Computing,John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 337 pp
- Menon S, Bawa KS (1997) Applications of geographical information systems, remote sensing and landscape approach to biodiversity conservation in the Western Ghats. Current Science 73, 134-145
- Murali KS, Bhat DM, Ravindranath NH (2005) Biomass estimation equation for tropical deciduous and evergreen forests. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology 4, 81-92
- Muys B, Gebrehiwot K, Aerts R, Haile M, Deckers J (2006) Perspectives for the rehabilitation of dryland forests in Ethiopia. Journal of the Drylands 1, 217-220
- Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeir C, da Fonesca GAB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403, 853-858
- Nair PV, Ramachandran KK, Swarupanandan K, Thomas TP (2007) Mapping Biodiversity of the Myristica Swamps in Southern Kerala,Final Report, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, 255 pp
- Nayar MP (1996) “Hot Spots” of Endemic Plants of India, Nepal and Bhutan, Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvanathapuram, 252 pp
- Nayar MP, Sastry ARK (1987) Red Data Book of Indian Plants (Vol I), Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp 217-218
- Nayar MP, Sastry ARK (1990) Red Data Book of Indian Plants (Vol III), Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp 243-244
- Nye PH, Greenland DJ (1960) The Soil Under Shifting Cultivation,Farnham Royal, pp 156
- Pascal JP (1988) Wet Evergreen Forests of the Western Ghats of India: Ecology, Structure, Floristic Composition and Succession, Institut Francais De Pondicherry, Pondicherry, 345 pp
- Pathak N (2009) –Ed- Community Conserved Areas in India: A Directory,Kalpavriksh, Pune, 812 pp
- Pearson RS, Aitchison PE (1908) Working plan for the Honavar Tali Palm (Corypha umbraculifera) forests. Forest Department of the Bombay Presidency, 58 pp
- Pei S, Zhang G, Huai H (2009) Application of traditional knowledge in forest management: Ethnobotanical indicators of sustainable forest use. Forest Ecology and Management 257, 2017-2021
- Power AG (1996) Arthropod diversity in forest patches and agroecosystems of tropical landscapes. In: Schelhas J, Greenberg R (Eds) Forest Patches in Tropical Landscapes, Island Press, Washington DC, pp 125-142
- Radhakrishna BP (2001) The Western Ghats of the Indian peninsula Memoir Geological Society of India 47, 133-144
- Ramachandra TV, Chandran MDS, Gururaja KV, Sreekantha (2006) Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment, Nova Science Publishers, New York, 371 pp
- Ramesh BR, Pascal JP (1997) Atlas of the Endemics of the Western Ghats (India),French Institute, Pondicherry, 403 pp
- Ravindranath NH, Somashekhar BS, Gadgil M (1997) Carbon flow in Indian forests, Climatic Change 35, 297-320
- Roelants K, Gower DJ, Wilkinson M, Loader SP, Biju SD, Guillaume K, Moriau L, Bossuyt F (2007) Global patterns of diversification in the history of modern amphibians. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA 104, 887892
- Sasidharan N, Sivarajan V (1996) Flowering Plants of Thrissur Forests, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, pp 265-266
- Sasidharan N (1997) Studies on the Flora of Shenduruni Wildlife Sanctuary with Emphasis on Endemic Species,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report No 128, pp 125-126
- Sreekantha, Gururaja KV, Remadevi K, Indra TJ, Ramachandra TV (2006). Two new species of the genus Schistura Mcclelland (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae) from Western Ghats, India. Zoos’ Print Journal 211, 2211-2216
- Sreekantha, Chandran MDS, Mesta DK, Rao GR, Gururaja KV, Ramachandra TV (2007) Fish diversity in relation to landscape and vegetation in Central Western Ghats, India. Current Science 92, 1592-1603
- Stebbins GL (1980) Rarity of plant species: a synthetic view point. Rhodora 82 (829), 77-86
- Subramanyam K, Nayar MP (1974) Vegetation and phytogeography of the Western Ghats. In: Mani MS (Ed) Ecology and Biogeography of India,Dr W Junk Publishers, The Hague, pp 178−196
- Tripathy RS (2005) Sacred groves of North-East India and their floristic richness and significance in biodiversity conservation. Environews,Newsletter of ISEB, India, 113, July, 9 pp
- Vasudeva R, Raghu HB, Dasappa, Shaanker UR, Ganeshaiah KN (2001) Population structure, reproductive biology and conservation of Semecarpus kathalekanensis: A critically endangered fresh water swamp species of the Western Ghats. In: Shaanker UR, Ganeshaiah KN, Bawa KS (Eds) Forest Genetic Resources: Status, Threats and Conservation Strategies,Oxford & IBH, New Delhi, pp 211-223
|
|