|
Ecological Status of three Micro Watersheds in Western
Himalaya
|
|
T.V. Ramachandra, Joshi N.V, Rao G. R, Dhanpal G, Gururaja K.V, Amit S. Yadav
Energy and Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560012, India
*Corresponding author: cestvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Citation : Ramachandra T.V., Joshi N.V., Rao G. R., Dhanpal G., Gururaja K.V, Amit S. Yadav. Ecological Status of three Micro Watersheds in Western Himalaya, Indian Forester, 140(4):331-347,2014
References
Adhikari, B.S. (1992). Biomass, productivity and nutrient cycling of kharsu-oak and silver-fir forest in Central Himalaya. Ph.D., Thesis, Kumaun University, Naini Tal, India.
Adhikari, B.S., Rawat, Y.S. and Singh, S.P. (1995). Structure and function of High altitude forest of Central Himalaya I. Dry Matter Dynamics. Ann. of Bot., 75: 237-248.
Ali, S. (1989). Book of Indian Birds, Second edition, Bombay Natural History Society publication, Mumbai.
Arora, G.S., Mehta H.S. and Walia V. (2005). Insecta: Lepidoptera (Butterflies). In: Fauna of Western Himalaya (Part-2)-Himachal Pradesh (ed. Director), Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 157-180.
Aswal, B.S. and Mehrotra, B.N. (1994). Flora of Lahaul-Spiti (A cold desert in North-West Himalaya). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. Dehra Dun.
Beebee, T.J.C. and Griffiths, R.A. (2005). The amphibian decline crisis: A watershed for conservation biology?, Biological Conservation, 125: 271-285 doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.04.009
Blair, R.B. and Launer, A.E. (1997). Butterfly diversity and human land use: Species assemblages along an urban gradient. Biological Conservation, 80: 113–125.
Champion, H.G. and Seth, S.K. (1968). A Revised Survey of Forest Types of India. Manager of Publications, Government of India, Delhi.
Champion, H.G. (1921). The influence of hand of man on the distribution of forestin the Kumaun Himalaya. Indian Forester, 49(3).
Chowdhery, H.J. (1999). Himachal PradeshIn: Floristic diversity and Conservation strategies in India, Vol-2. Eds. V.Mudgal, P.K. Hajra. Botanical survey of India, Calcutta.
Erhardt, A. (1985). Diurnal Lepidoptera: Sensitive indicators of cultivated and abandoned grassland. Journal of Applied Ecology, 22: 849–861.
Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies, 2nd ed., 454 pp., 32 pls. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay.
Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., De Sá, R.A., Channing, A.,Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M., Wheeler, W.C. (2006). The Amphibian Tree of Life. Bull Amer Mus Nat Hist, 297: 1–370.
Gaston, A.J., Garson, P.J. and Hunter, M.L. (1983). The status and conservation of forest wildlife in Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalayas, Biological Conservation, 29: 291-314
Grimmet, R., Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T. (1998). Birds of the Indian Subcontinent, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Kim, K. C. (1993). Biodiversity, conservation, and inventory: Why insects matter, Biodiversity and Conservation, 2: 191–214.
Kremen, C. (1992). Assessing the indicator properties of species assemblages for natural areas monitoring, Ecological Applications, 2: 203–217.
Laiolo, P. (2003). Diversity and structure of the bird community overwintering in the Himalayan subalpine zone: is conservation compatible with tourism?, Biological Conservation, 115: 251-262
Leps, J. and Spitzer, K. (1990). Ecological determinants of butterfly communities (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) in the Tam Dao Mountains, Vietnam. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 87: 182–194.
Lodhiyal, L.S. (1990). Structure and functioning of Popular plantation in Tarai belt of Kumaun Himalaya. Ph.D., Thesis, Kumaun University, Naini Tal.
Manel, S.P., Diasx, J.M., Buckton, S.T. and Ormerod, S.J. (1999). Alternative methods for predicting species distribution: an illustration with Himalayan river birds, Journal of Applied Ecology, 39:734-747
Mani, M.S. (1986). Butterflies of the Himalaya, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi.
Mehta, H.S. (2005a). Fauna of Western Himalaya (Part 2) Himachal Pradesh, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. pp
Mehta, H.S. (2005b). Amphibia. In: Fauna of Western Himalaya (Part 2) Himachal Pradesh, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata.
Molina, J.M., Palma, J.M. (1996). Butterfly diversity and rarity within selected habitats of western Andalusia, Spain (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea), Nota Lepidopterologica, 78: 267–280.
Murti, S.K. (2001). Flora of Cold Deserts of Western Himalaya: Vol-1, Botanical survey of India, Calcutta.
Negi, K.S. (1979). Species composition, biomass structure and nutrient relation of an oak forest. Ph.D, Thesis, Kumaun University, Naini Tal.
New, T.R. (1991). Butterfly Conservation. Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Australia.
New, T.R., Pyle, R.M., Thomas, J.A., Thomas, C.D., Hammond, P.C. (1995). Butterfly Conservation Management, Annual Review of Entomology, 40: 57–83.
Osmaston, A.E. (1923). Notes on Forest Communities of Garhwal Himalaya. J. Ecol., 10: 129-167.
Parmesan, C. (1996). Climate and species range, Nature, 382: 765–766.
Pollard, E. and Yates, T.J. (1993). Monitoring Butterflies for Ecology and Conservation, Chapman & Hall, London.
Puri, G.S. (1960). Indian Forest Ecology. Vol. I, Oxford Book and Stationery Co., New Delhi.
Ralhan, P.K., Saxena, A.K. and Singh, J.S. (1982). Analysis of forest veggetation at and around Naini Tal in Kumaun Himalaya. Proc. Indian Nat. Sci. Acad., 48: 121-137
Ramachandra, T.V., Subash Chandran, M D., Gururaja, K. V. and Sreekantha, (2007). Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment, Nova Science Publishers, New York.
Rana, J.C., Archana singh, Yogendra Sharma, K., Pradeep and Nisha Mendiratta, 2010. Diversity of plant bioresources in Western Himalayan region of India, Current Science, 98(2):192-203
Rawal, R.S. (1991). Woody vegetation analysis along an elevational gradient (1600-3400 m) of upper Sarju catchment, Kumaun Himalaya. Ph.D., Thesis, Kumaun University, Naini Tal.
Reddy, V.S. (1989). Analysis of soil and vegetation of landslides damage and undamaged sites in Kumaun Himalaya. A study on recovery of forest ecosystem. Ph.D., Thesis, Kumaun University, Naini Tal.
Rikhari, H.C. , Chandra, R. and Singh, S.P. (1989). Pattern of species distribution and community along a moisture gradient within an Oak zone of Kumaun Himalay. Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad., 55: 876-880.
Samways, M.J. (1994). Insect Conservation Biology, Chapman & Hall, London.
Saxena, A.K. (1979). Ecology of complete of north western catchment of the river Gola. Ph.D., Thesis, Kumaun University, Naini Tal.
Saxena, A.K. and Singh, J.S. (1982a). A phytosocialogical analysis of woody species in forest communities of part of Kumaun Himalaya. Vegetatio, 50: 3-22.
Saxena, A.K. and Singh, J.S. (1982b). Quantitative profile structure of certain forest in the Kumaun Himalaya. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 91: 529-549.
Schweinfurth, U. (1957). Die horizontale und. vertike verbreitung der vegetation in Himalaya. Bonner. Geogr. Abh., 20: 201-372
Scoble, M.J. (1992). The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity, Oxford University Press, New York.
Singh, J.S. and Singh, S.P. (1987). Forest Vegetation of the Himalaya. Bot. Rev. 53 (1): 80-192.
Singh, J.S. and Singh, S.P. (1984a). An integrated ecological study of eastern Kumaun Himalaya with emphasis on natural ecological resources. Vol. I. Studies with regional perspective. Final report (HCS/DST/187/76). Kumaun university, Naini Tal.
Singh, J.S. and Singh, S.P. (1984b). An integrated ecological study of eastern Kumaun Himalaya with emphasis on natural ecological resources. Vol. II. Site specific studies. Final report (HCS/DST/187/76). Kumaun university, Naini Tal.
Singh, J.S. and Singh, S.P. (1984c). An integrated ecological study of eastern Kumaun Himalaya with emphasis on natural resources. Vol. 3 syn. Thesis and summary. Final report (HCS/DST/187/76). Kumaum Univesity, Naini Tal.
Singh, S.K. and Rawat, G. S. (1999). Floral diversity and vegetation structure in Great Himalayan National Park, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun
Singh, S.P., Khana, R. K. and Singh, J.S. (1985). Accumulation in wood: A nutrient conservation strategy of tropical forest. Environ. Conserv., 12: 170-173.
Spitzer, K., Jaros, J., Havelka, J. and Leps, J. (1997). Effect of small-scale disturbance on butterfly communities of an Indochinese montane rainforest, Biological Conservation, 80: 9–15.
Stork, N.E., Srivastava, D.S., Watt, A.D. and Larsen, T.B. (2003). Butterfly diversity and silvicultural practice in lowland rainforests of Cameroon, Biodiversity and. Conservation, 12: 387–410.
Swengel, A.B. (1996). Effects of fire and hay management on abundance of prairie butterflies, Biological Conservation, 85(2): 73–85.
Tewari, J.C. (1982). Vegetational analysis along altitudinal gradients around Naini Tal. Ph.D., Thesis, Kumaun University, Naini Tal.
Thomas, C.D. and Malorie, H.C. (1985). Rarity, species richness, and conservation: Butterflies of the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, Biological Conservation, 33: 95–117.
Tiwari, J.C. and Singh J.S. (1984). Mapping forest Biomass in India through aerial photographs and non destructive field sampling. Appl. Geogr., 4: 151-165.
Tiwari, J.C. Rikhari, H.C. and Singh, S.P. (1989). Composition and structure feature of certain tree stands along an elevational gradient in Central Himalaya. Vegetatio, 85: 117-120.
Troup, R.S. (1921). Silviculture of Indian Trees. Vol. I - III. Clarendon Press, Oxfrod.
Upreti, N., Tewari, J.C. and Singh, S.P. (1985). The Oak forest of the Kumaun Himalaya (India): Composition, diversity and regeneration. Mountain Res., and Dev., 5(2): 163-174.
Wood, P.A. and Samways, M.J. (1992). Landscape element pattern and continuity of butterfly flight paths in an ecologically landscaped botanic garden, Natal, South Africa, Biological Conservation, 58: 149–166.
Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1940-1946). A list of the butterflies of the Shimla hills, Journal of Bombay Natural History Society., 41: 716-741; 1945, 45: 256-257: 1946, 46: 735-736.
Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region, pp.523, 1-72 plates. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay.
* Corresponding Author : |
|
Dr. T.V. Ramachandra
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA. |
|
Tel : 91-80-23600985 / 22932506 / 22933099,
Fax : 91-80-23601428 / 23600085 / 23600683 [CES-TVR]
E-mail :
cestvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in, energy@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Web : http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy. |
|
|