ENVIS Technical Report: 72,  January 2015
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ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING OF BANGALORE WETLANDS

   T.V. Ramachandra*      Bharath H . Aithal  Alakananda B    Supriya G  

Energy and Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560012, India.
*Corresponding author: cestvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in.

Environmental Auditing of 10 lakes (Subramanya Lake – Yalla Mallappa Chetty Lake)

31. SUBRAMANYA LAKE

NAME OF THE LAKE

SUBRAMANYA LAKE

GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS      LAT/LONG:12°53'45"N  77°32'33"E

AREA (2000/2009)

5.423/4.132 ha

ORGANIZATION

BDA

WARD/ VILLAGE NAME

Subramanyapura layout

STATUS

Highly polluted

RESTORATION

NO

WATER CONDITION

Polluted.

Figure 1 Google Earth image and area of Subramanya Lake during 2000 and 2009 respectively

WATER QUALITY

Table 1 Water quality analysis of Subramanya Lake with BIS standards


Sampling site

Subramanya Lake inlet (SBI1)

Subramanya Lake outlet (SBO1)

BIS standards for Surface waters

pH

7.75

8.70

6.5-9

Electric conductivity (μS/cm)

2240.00

2290.00

<1200

Total dissolved solids (ppm)

1550.00

1570.00

<700

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

10.58

2.64

>5

Biological oxygen demand (ppm)

36.02

33.11

<5

Chemical oxygen demand (ppm)

96.00

76.67

<30

Nitrates (ppm)

0.309

0.725

--

Inorganic phosphates (ppm)

1.540

1.365

--

Total hardness (mg/L)

536.00

560.00

<200

Calcium hardness (mg/L)

435.92

459.92

<80

Chlorides (mg/L)

488.48

434.52

<250

Total alkalinity (mg/L)

1020.00

520.00

<600

CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 31 and Plate 31)

  1. Local human disturbances
  2. Untreated sewage inflow, Dumping of solid waste,
  3. Buildings on lake bed

 

32. TALGHATTAPURA LAKE

NAME OF THE LAKE

THALGHATTAPURA LAKE

GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS        LAT/LONG: 12°51'55"N  77°31'59"E

AREA (2004/2011)

4.131/ 3.454 ha

ORGANIZATION

BDA

WARD/ VILLAGE NAME

Thalghattapura

STATUS

Moderate pollution

RESTORATION

August 2009- August 2010 (Incomplete)

WATER CONDITION

Moderate (2010) – Poor (2009 before restoration)

Figure 2 Google Earth image and area of Talghattapura Lake during 2004 and 2011 respectively.

WATER QUALITY

Table 2 Water quality of Talghattapura Lake with BIS limits


Sampling site

Talghattapura inlet (TAI2)

Talghattapura outlet (TAO1)

Talghattapura near inlet (TAI1)

BIS standards for Surface waters

pH

8.92

8.45

8.98

6.5-9

Electric conductivity (μS/cm)

788.50

790.50

779.00

<1200

Total dissolved solids (ppm)

548.00

670.00

536.00

<700

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

11.18

5.61

11.54

>5

Biological oxygen demand (ppm)

13.26

12.67

34.35

<5

Chemical oxygen demand (ppm)

34.00

30.00

70.00

<30

Nitrates (ppm)

0.058

0.043

0.048

--

Inorganic phosphates (ppm)

0.054

0.049

0.045

--

Total hardness (mg/L)

190.00

180.00

178.00

<200

Calcium hardness (mg/L)

29.66

36.87

36.87

<80

Chlorides (mg/L)

187.44

184.60

185.31

<250

Total alkalinity (mg/L)

293.00

163.00

252.00

<600

 

CURRENT STATUS (Refer Figure 32 and Plate 32)

  1. Sewage inflow and dumping of waste near inlet
  2. Local human disturbances such as swimming, washing clothes, etc
  3. Improper restoration
  4. Massive growth of aquatic weeds

PLATE 32

INCOMPLETE / IMPROPER RESTORATION

 

33. ULLALU LAKE

NAME OF THE LAKE

ULLALU LAKE

GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS      LAT/LONG: 12°57'41"N   77°28'54"E

AREA (2000/2010)

8.237/ 7.635 ha

ORGANIZATION

BDA

WARD / VILLAGE NAME

130- Ullalu

STATUS

Pollution

RESTORATION

July 2009- July 2010 (Incomplete)

WATER CONDITION

Moderate to poor

 

Figure 3 Google Earth image and area of Ullalu Lake during 2000 and 2010 respectively.


WATER QUALITY

Table 3 Water quality variables of Ullalu Lake with BIS standards


Sampling site

Ullalu middle (ULM1)

Ullalu outlet (ULO1)

Ullalu inlet (ULI1)

BIS standards for Surface waters

pH

8.70

8.97

8.80

6.5-9

Electric conductivity (μS/cm)

605.00

587.00

747.50

<1200

Total dissolved solids (ppm)

495.00

416.50

514.00

<700

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

7.24

6.59

7.03

>5

Biological oxygen demand (ppm)

10.69

14.91

16.50

<5

Chemical oxygen demand (ppm)

22.00

42.00

46.00

<30

Nitrates (ppm)

0.057

0.078

0.092

--

Inorganic phosphates (ppm)

0.026

0.041

0.037

--

Total hardness (mg/L)

255.40

224.00

298.00

<200

Calcium hardness (mg/L)

25.65

20.04

23.25

<80

Chlorides (mg/L)

88.89

80.94

80.94

<250

Total alkalinity (mg/L)

297.00

210.00

315.00

<600

 

CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 33 and Plate 33)

  1. Sewage inflow (before and after restoration)
  2. Fragmentation of lake
  3. local human disturbances
  4. No shoreline and aquatic habitat availability

PLATE 33 RESTORATION OF LAKE

 

34. ULSOOR LAKE

NAME OF THE LAKE

ULSOOR LAKE

GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS           LAT/LONG: 12°58'56"N   77°37'9"E

AREA (2000/2010)

40.84/39.35 ha

ORGANIZATION

BBMP

WARD / VILLAGE NAME

90- Halsoor

STATUS

Pollution

RESTORATION

Completed (2003)

WATER CONDITION

Poor

 

Figure 4 Google Earth image and area of Ulsoor Lake during 2000 and 2010 respectively.

WATER QUALITY

Table 4 Water quality with BIS standards of Ulsoor Lake


Sampling site

Ulsoor park side (USR1)

Ulsoor road side (USR2)

BIS standards for Surface waters

pH

9.48

9.38

6.5-9

Electric conductivity (μS/cm)

705

609

<1200

Total dissolved solids (ppm)

624

525

<700

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

1.63

4.07

>5

Biological oxygen demand (ppm)

16.98

15.96

<5

Chemical oxygen demand (ppm)

43.96

41.92

<30

Nitrates (ppm)

0.27

0.18

--

Inorganic phosphates (ppm)

1.89

2.01

--

Total hardness (mg/L)

265

243

<200

Calcium hardness (mg/L)

147.5

136.5

<80

Chlorides (mg/L)

397

355

<250

Total alkalinity (mg/L)

403

549

<600

 

CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 34 and Plate 24)

  1. Eutrophication due to Untreated sewage into lake inflow,
  2. improper restoration,
  3. No shoreline region and habitat availability, hence loss of Biodiversity (Fish, birds, Insects, Butterflies),
  4. No aquatic plants for Bird nesting,
  5. Anthropogenic activities and degraded ecosystem.

PLATE 34 EUTROPHICATION IN ULSOOR LAKE

 

35. VADERAHALLI LAKE

NAME OF THE LAKE

VADERAHALLI LAKE/ CHUDAHALLI RESERVOIR

GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS      LAT/LONG: 12°50'19"N   77°32'0"E

AREA (2004/2010)

16.51/ 40.14 ha

ORGANIZATION

Forest department

WARD / VILLAGE NAME

Vaderahalli

STATUS

Clean / Less pollution

RESTORATION

NO

WATER CONDITION

Good- Moderate.

 

Figure 5 Google Earth image and area of Vaderahalli Lake during 2004 and 2010 respectively.

WATER QUALITY

Table 5 Water quality variables and BIS surface water standards for Vaderahalli Lake


Sampling site

Vaderahalli inlet (VDI1)

Vaderahalli outlet (VDO1)

BIS standards for Surface waters

pH

9.28

9.91

6.5-9

Electric conductivity (μS/cm)

529.00

582.00

<1200

Total dissolved solids (ppm)

614.00

419.00

<700

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

10.16

7.97

>5

Biological oxygen demand (ppm)

10.83

8.93

<5

Chemical oxygen demand (ppm)

35.30

21.44

<30

Nitrates (ppm)

1.652

2.397

--

Inorganic phosphates (ppm)

0.750

0.720

--

Total hardness (mg/L)

160.00

168.00

<200

Calcium hardness (mg/L)

115.96

111.96

<80

Chlorides (mg/L)

130.64

130.64

<250

Total alkalinity (mg/L)

280.00

320.00

<600

 

CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 35 and Plate 35)

  1. Inflow of sewage and Industrial waste,
  2. Massive fish death in November 2010 due to increased organic matter and decreased oxygen level.
  3. Local human disturbances
  4. Recreational activities

PLATE 35

DEAD FISH IN THE LAKE

36. VALLEY SCHOOL LAKE

Text Box: NAME OF THE LAKE VALLEY SCHOOL LAKE GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS LAT/LONG: 12°51'6'N 77°30'18'E AREA (2004/2010) 1.088/0.892 ha ORGANIZATION Valley school, Forest department WARD / VILLAGE NAME Valley school STATUS Clean water RESTORATION NO WATER CONDITION Good
 

Figure 6 Google Earth image and area of Valley school during 2004 and 2010 respectively.

WATER QUALITY

Table 6 Water quality variables with BIS surface water standards for Valley School Lake


Sampling site

Valley school inlet (VLS1)

 Valley school outlet (VLS2)

BIS standards for Surface waters

pH

9.91

9.40

6.5-9

Electric conductivity (μS/cm)

1160.00

1245.00

<1200

Total dissolved solids (ppm)

836.00

875.00

<700

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

10.57

9.35

>5

Biological oxygen demand (ppm)

17.81

14.93

<5

Chemical oxygen demand (ppm)

43.56

45.64

<30

Nitrates (ppm)

1.922

0.935

--

Inorganic phosphates (ppm)

0.680

0.590

--

Total hardness (mg/L)

360.00

288.00

<200

Calcium hardness (mg/L)

343.99

259.98

<80

Chlorides (mg/L)

156.20

144.84

<250

Total alkalinity (mg/L)

620.00

720.00

<600
  

CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 36 and Plate 36)

  1. Inflow of sewage waste
  2. local human disturbances (washing, swimming)

PLATE 36

 

37. VARTHUR LAKE

NAME OF THE LAKE

VARTHUR LAKE

GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS       LAT/LONG:12°56'53"N   77°43'28"E

AREA (2004/2010)

132.4/89.45 ha (EXCLUDING WATER HYACINTH COVER)

ORGANIZATION

BBMP

WARD / VILLAGE NAME

Varthur

STATUS

Highly Polluted

RESTORATION

NO

WATER CONDITION

Poor

Figure 7 Google Earth image and area of Varthur Lake during 2004 and 2010 respectively

WATER QUALITY


Table 7 Water quality and BIS surface standards for Varthur Lake


Sampling site

Varthur inlet (VRI1)

Varthur outlet (VRO1)

BIS standards for Surface waters

pH

7.16

6.93

6.5-9

Electric conductivity (μS/cm)

1238.00

1253.00

<1200

Total dissolved solids (ppm)

857.00

873.00

<700

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

5.93

0.00

>5

Biological oxygen demand (ppm)

35.92

32.63

<5

Chemical oxygen demand (ppm)

84.00

78.67

<30

Nitrates (ppm)

0.392

0.449

--

Inorganic phosphates (ppm)

1.850

1.583

--

Total hardness (mg/L)

276.00

260.00

<200

Calcium hardness (mg/L)

183.93

131.90

<80

Chlorides (mg/L)

184.60

190.28

<250

Total alkalinity (mg/L)

480.00

520.00

<600

 

CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 37 and Plate 37)

  1. Inflow of sewage and industrial waste
  2. Local pollution such as washing clothes, defecation, swimming etc.
  3. Agricultural field and plantation run-off,
  4. Macrophyte cover

PLATE 37

MACROPHYTE COVER
OUTLET

 

38. VENKATTESHAPURA LAKE


NAME OF THE LAKE

VENKATESHAPURA LAKE

GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS        LAT/LONG: 13°5'36"N  77°37'49"E

AREA (2002/2009)

1.504/1.756 ha

ORGANIZATION

BDA

WARD / VILLAGE NAME

Jakkur

STATUS

Clean / No / Less pollution

RESTORATION

July 2009- August 2010 (Incomplete)

WATER CONDITION

Good.

 

Figure 8 Google Earth image and area of Venkateshapura Lake during 2002 and 2009 respectively.

WATER QUALITY

Table 8 Water quality and BIS standard for Venkateshapura Lake


Sampling site

Venkateshapura inlet (VNI1)

Venkateshapura outlet (VNM1)

BIS standards for Surface waters

pH

8.54

8.41

6.5-9

Electric conductivity (μS/cm)

342.00

346.50

<1200

Total dissolved solids (ppm)

239.00

243.50

<700

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

8.13

7.40

>5

Biological oxygen demand (ppm)

3.11

3.02

<5

Chemical oxygen demand (ppm)

26.88

20.33

<30

Nitrates (ppm)

0.020

0.021

--

Inorganic phosphates (ppm)

0.022

0.057

--

Total hardness (mg/L)

122.00

130.00

<200

Calcium hardness (mg/L)

63.33

64.00

<80

Chlorides (mg/L)

45.44

35.50

<250

Total alkalinity (mg/L)

100.00

80.00

<600

CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 38 and Plate 38)

  1. Inflow of sewage,
  2. Regional pollution such as washing clothes, defecation, swimming etc.
  3. Agricultural field and plantation run-off
  4. Quarry

PLATE 38

 

39. YELAHANKA LAKE

NAME OF THE LAKE

YELAHANKA LAKE

GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS          LAT/LONG: 13°6'52"N   77°35'31"E

AREA

115.8 ha

ORGANIZATION

BBMP

WARD NAME

1- Kempegowda ward

STATUS

Polluted/ Eutrophic water

RESTORATION

NO

WATER CONDITION

Poor.

 

Figure 9 Google Earth image and area of Yelahanka Lake during 2004 and 2010 respectively.

WATER QUALITY

Table 9 Water quality variables and BIS standards for surface water limits for Yelahanka Lake.


Sampling site

Yelahanka outlet (YLO1)

Yelahanka inlet (YLI1)

BIS standards for Surface waters

pH

9.06

9.33

6.5-9

Electric conductivity (μS/cm)

1220

1350

<1200

Total dissolved solids (ppm)

1105

1132

<700

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

4.63

2.76

>5

Biological oxygen demand (ppm)

21.94

26.385

<5

Chemical oxygen demand (ppm)

53.88

62.77

<30

Nitrates (ppm)

0.19

0.26

--

Inorganic phosphates (ppm)

1.34

1.61

--

Total hardness (mg/L)

266

284

<200

Calcium hardness (mg/L)

148

157

<80

Chlorides (mg/L)

360

498

<250

Total alkalinity (mg/L)

504

628

<600

 

CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 39 and Plate 39)

  1. Inflow of sewage and Industrial waste from surrounding area
  2. Regional pollution such as fishing, defecation, swimming etc.
  3. Field and plantation run-off,
  4. Massive macrophyte cover.
  5. No/ less oxygen availability and hence Loss of Biodiversity (Only African catfish is available)

PLATE 39

MACROPHYTE COVER AND GREEN WATER

 

40. YELLAMALLAPPA CHETTY LAKE

NAME OF THE LAKE

YELLAMALLAPPA CHETTY LAKE

GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS          LAT/LONG: 13°1'38"N   77°43'44"E

AREA (2002/2010)

128.3/114.2 ha

ORGANIZATION

Irrigation department

WARD / VILLAGE NAME

K R Puram

STATUS

Polluted/ Eutrophic water

RESTORATION

NO

WATER CONDITION

Poor.

Figure 10 Google Earth image and area of Yellammalappa Lake during 2002 and 2010 respectively

WATER QUALITY


Table 10 Water quality and BIS standard values for Yellammallappa chetty sampling sites.         


Sampling site

Yellamallappa chetty outlet (YLO1)

Yellamallappa chetty inlet (YLI1)

BIS standards for Surface waters

pH

7.36

7.40

6.5-9

Electric conductivity (μS/cm)

1691.00

1883.00

<1200

Total dissolved solids (ppm)

1178.00

1309.00

<700

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

9.73

0.00

>5

Biological oxygen demand (ppm)

63.18

65.82

<5

Chemical oxygen demand (ppm)

174.67

180.00

<30

Nitrates (ppm)

0.418

0.167

--

Inorganic phosphates (ppm)

2.896

2.581

--

Total hardness (mg/L)

384.00

388.00

<200

Calcium hardness (mg/L)

259.90

259.90

<80

Chlorides (mg/L)

142.00

514.04

<250

Total alkalinity (mg/L)

560.00

680.00

<600

 

CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 40 and Plate 40)

  1. Inflow of sewage and Industrial waste from surrounding area,
  2. Regional pollution such as fishing, defecation, swimming etc.
  3. Field and plantation run-off,
  4. More macrophyte cover,
  5. Loss of Biodiversity (Only African catfish is available)

PLATE 40