Environmental Auditing of 10 lakes (Subramanya Lake – Yalla Mallappa Chetty Lake)
NAME OF THE LAKE |
SUBRAMANYA LAKE |
GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS LAT/LONG:12°53'45"N 77°32'33"E |
AREA (2000/2009) |
5.423/4.132 ha |
ORGANIZATION |
BDA |
WARD/ VILLAGE NAME |
Subramanyapura layout |
STATUS |
Highly polluted |
RESTORATION |
NO |
WATER CONDITION |
Polluted. |
Figure 1 Google Earth image and area of Subramanya Lake during 2000 and 2009 respectively
WATER QUALITY
Table 1 Water quality analysis of Subramanya Lake with BIS standards
Sampling site |
Subramanya Lake inlet (SBI1) |
Subramanya Lake outlet (SBO1) |
BIS standards for Surface waters |
pH |
7.75 |
8.70 |
6.5-9 |
Electric conductivity (μS/cm) |
2240.00 |
2290.00 |
<1200 |
Total dissolved solids (ppm) |
1550.00 |
1570.00 |
<700 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) |
10.58 |
2.64 |
>5 |
Biological oxygen demand (ppm) |
36.02 |
33.11 |
<5 |
Chemical oxygen demand (ppm) |
96.00 |
76.67 |
<30 |
Nitrates (ppm) |
0.309 |
0.725 |
-- |
Inorganic phosphates (ppm) |
1.540 |
1.365 |
-- |
Total hardness (mg/L) |
536.00 |
560.00 |
<200 |
Calcium hardness (mg/L) |
435.92 |
459.92 |
<80 |
Chlorides (mg/L) |
488.48 |
434.52 |
<250 |
Total alkalinity (mg/L) |
1020.00 |
520.00 |
<600 |
CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 31 and Plate 31)
- Local human disturbances
- Untreated sewage inflow, Dumping of solid waste,
- Buildings on lake bed
NAME OF THE LAKE |
THALGHATTAPURA LAKE |
GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS LAT/LONG: 12°51'55"N 77°31'59"E |
AREA (2004/2011) |
4.131/ 3.454 ha |
ORGANIZATION |
BDA |
WARD/ VILLAGE NAME |
Thalghattapura |
STATUS |
Moderate pollution |
RESTORATION |
August 2009- August 2010 (Incomplete) |
WATER CONDITION |
Moderate (2010) – Poor (2009 before restoration) |
 
Figure 2 Google Earth image and area of Talghattapura Lake during 2004 and 2011 respectively.
WATER QUALITY
Table 2 Water quality of Talghattapura Lake with BIS limits
Sampling site |
Talghattapura inlet (TAI2) |
Talghattapura outlet (TAO1) |
Talghattapura near inlet (TAI1) |
BIS standards for Surface waters |
pH |
8.92 |
8.45 |
8.98 |
6.5-9 |
Electric conductivity (μS/cm) |
788.50 |
790.50 |
779.00 |
<1200 |
Total dissolved solids (ppm) |
548.00 |
670.00 |
536.00 |
<700 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) |
11.18 |
5.61 |
11.54 |
>5 |
Biological oxygen demand (ppm) |
13.26 |
12.67 |
34.35 |
<5 |
Chemical oxygen demand (ppm) |
34.00 |
30.00 |
70.00 |
<30 |
Nitrates (ppm) |
0.058 |
0.043 |
0.048 |
-- |
Inorganic phosphates (ppm) |
0.054 |
0.049 |
0.045 |
-- |
Total hardness (mg/L) |
190.00 |
180.00 |
178.00 |
<200 |
Calcium hardness (mg/L) |
29.66 |
36.87 |
36.87 |
<80 |
Chlorides (mg/L) |
187.44 |
184.60 |
185.31 |
<250 |
Total alkalinity (mg/L) |
293.00 |
163.00 |
252.00 |
<600 |
CURRENT STATUS (Refer Figure 32 and Plate 32)
- Sewage inflow and dumping of waste near inlet
- Local human disturbances such as swimming, washing clothes, etc
- Improper restoration
- Massive growth of aquatic weeds
PLATE 32
 |
INCOMPLETE / IMPROPER RESTORATION |
 |
NAME OF THE LAKE |
ULLALU LAKE |
GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS LAT/LONG: 12°57'41"N 77°28'54"E |
AREA (2000/2010) |
8.237/ 7.635 ha |
ORGANIZATION |
BDA |
WARD / VILLAGE NAME |
130- Ullalu |
STATUS |
Pollution |
RESTORATION |
July 2009- July 2010 (Incomplete) |
WATER CONDITION |
Moderate to poor |
Figure 3 Google Earth image and area of Ullalu Lake during 2000 and 2010 respectively.
WATER QUALITY
Table 3 Water quality variables of Ullalu Lake with BIS standards
Sampling site |
Ullalu middle (ULM1) |
Ullalu outlet (ULO1) |
Ullalu inlet (ULI1) |
BIS standards for Surface waters |
pH |
8.70 |
8.97 |
8.80 |
6.5-9 |
Electric conductivity (μS/cm) |
605.00 |
587.00 |
747.50 |
<1200 |
Total dissolved solids (ppm) |
495.00 |
416.50 |
514.00 |
<700 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) |
7.24 |
6.59 |
7.03 |
>5 |
Biological oxygen demand (ppm) |
10.69 |
14.91 |
16.50 |
<5 |
Chemical oxygen demand (ppm) |
22.00 |
42.00 |
46.00 |
<30 |
Nitrates (ppm) |
0.057 |
0.078 |
0.092 |
-- |
Inorganic phosphates (ppm) |
0.026 |
0.041 |
0.037 |
-- |
Total hardness (mg/L) |
255.40 |
224.00 |
298.00 |
<200 |
Calcium hardness (mg/L) |
25.65 |
20.04 |
23.25 |
<80 |
Chlorides (mg/L) |
88.89 |
80.94 |
80.94 |
<250 |
Total alkalinity (mg/L) |
297.00 |
210.00 |
315.00 |
<600 |
CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 33 and Plate 33)
- Sewage inflow (before and after restoration)
- Fragmentation of lake
- local human disturbances
-
No shoreline and aquatic habitat availability
PLATE 33 RESTORATION OF LAKE
NAME OF THE LAKE |
ULSOOR LAKE |
GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS LAT/LONG: 12°58'56"N 77°37'9"E |
AREA (2000/2010) |
40.84/39.35 ha |
ORGANIZATION |
BBMP |
WARD / VILLAGE NAME |
90- Halsoor |
STATUS |
Pollution |
RESTORATION |
Completed (2003) |
WATER CONDITION |
Poor |
Figure 4 Google Earth image and area of Ulsoor Lake during 2000 and 2010 respectively.
WATER QUALITY
Table 4 Water quality with BIS standards of Ulsoor Lake
Sampling site |
Ulsoor park side (USR1) |
Ulsoor road side (USR2) |
BIS standards for Surface waters |
pH |
9.48 |
9.38 |
6.5-9 |
Electric conductivity (μS/cm) |
705 |
609 |
<1200 |
Total dissolved solids (ppm) |
624 |
525 |
<700 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) |
1.63 |
4.07 |
>5 |
Biological oxygen demand (ppm) |
16.98 |
15.96 |
<5 |
Chemical oxygen demand (ppm) |
43.96 |
41.92 |
<30 |
Nitrates (ppm) |
0.27 |
0.18 |
-- |
Inorganic phosphates (ppm) |
1.89 |
2.01 |
-- |
Total hardness (mg/L) |
265 |
243 |
<200 |
Calcium hardness (mg/L) |
147.5 |
136.5 |
<80 |
Chlorides (mg/L) |
397 |
355 |
<250 |
Total alkalinity (mg/L) |
403 |
549 |
<600 |
CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 34 and Plate 24)
- Eutrophication due to Untreated sewage into lake inflow,
- improper restoration,
- No shoreline region and habitat availability, hence loss of Biodiversity (Fish, birds, Insects, Butterflies),
- No aquatic plants for Bird nesting,
- Anthropogenic activities and degraded ecosystem.
PLATE 34 EUTROPHICATION IN ULSOOR LAKE
NAME OF THE LAKE |
VADERAHALLI LAKE/ CHUDAHALLI RESERVOIR |
GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS LAT/LONG: 12°50'19"N 77°32'0"E |
AREA (2004/2010) |
16.51/ 40.14 ha |
ORGANIZATION |
Forest department |
WARD / VILLAGE NAME |
Vaderahalli |
STATUS |
Clean / Less pollution |
RESTORATION |
NO |
WATER CONDITION |
Good- Moderate. |
 
Figure 5 Google Earth image and area of Vaderahalli Lake during 2004 and 2010 respectively.
WATER QUALITY
Table 5 Water quality variables and BIS surface water standards for Vaderahalli Lake
Sampling site |
Vaderahalli inlet (VDI1) |
Vaderahalli outlet (VDO1) |
BIS standards for Surface waters |
pH |
9.28 |
9.91 |
6.5-9 |
Electric conductivity (μS/cm) |
529.00 |
582.00 |
<1200 |
Total dissolved solids (ppm) |
614.00 |
419.00 |
<700 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) |
10.16 |
7.97 |
>5 |
Biological oxygen demand (ppm) |
10.83 |
8.93 |
<5 |
Chemical oxygen demand (ppm) |
35.30 |
21.44 |
<30 |
Nitrates (ppm) |
1.652 |
2.397 |
-- |
Inorganic phosphates (ppm) |
0.750 |
0.720 |
-- |
Total hardness (mg/L) |
160.00 |
168.00 |
<200 |
Calcium hardness (mg/L) |
115.96 |
111.96 |
<80 |
Chlorides (mg/L) |
130.64 |
130.64 |
<250 |
Total alkalinity (mg/L) |
280.00 |
320.00 |
<600 |
CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 35 and Plate 35)
- Inflow of sewage and Industrial waste,
- Massive fish death in November 2010 due to increased organic matter and decreased oxygen level.
- Local human disturbances
- Recreational activities
PLATE 35
DEAD FISH IN THE LAKE
36. VALLEY SCHOOL LAKE
Figure 6 Google Earth image and area of Valley school during 2004 and 2010 respectively.
WATER QUALITY
Table 6 Water quality variables with BIS surface water standards for Valley School Lake
Sampling site |
Valley school inlet (VLS1) |
Valley school outlet (VLS2) |
BIS standards for Surface waters |
pH |
9.91 |
9.40 |
6.5-9 |
Electric conductivity (μS/cm) |
1160.00 |
1245.00 |
<1200 |
Total dissolved solids (ppm) |
836.00 |
875.00 |
<700 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) |
10.57 |
9.35 |
>5 |
Biological oxygen demand (ppm) |
17.81 |
14.93 |
<5 |
Chemical oxygen demand (ppm) |
43.56 |
45.64 |
<30 |
Nitrates (ppm) |
1.922 |
0.935 |
-- |
Inorganic phosphates (ppm) |
0.680 |
0.590 |
-- |
Total hardness (mg/L) |
360.00 |
288.00 |
<200 |
Calcium hardness (mg/L) |
343.99 |
259.98 |
<80 |
Chlorides (mg/L) |
156.20 |
144.84 |
<250 |
Total alkalinity (mg/L) |
620.00 |
720.00 |
<600 |
CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 36 and Plate 36)
- Inflow of sewage waste
- local human disturbances (washing, swimming)
PLATE 36
NAME OF THE LAKE |
VARTHUR LAKE |
GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS LAT/LONG:12°56'53"N 77°43'28"E |
AREA (2004/2010) |
132.4/89.45 ha (EXCLUDING WATER HYACINTH COVER) |
ORGANIZATION |
BBMP |
WARD / VILLAGE NAME |
Varthur |
STATUS |
Highly Polluted |
RESTORATION |
NO |
WATER CONDITION |
Poor |
 
Figure 7 Google Earth image and area of Varthur Lake during 2004 and 2010 respectively
WATER QUALITY
Table 7 Water quality and BIS surface standards for Varthur Lake
Sampling site |
Varthur inlet (VRI1) |
Varthur outlet (VRO1) |
BIS standards for Surface waters |
pH |
7.16 |
6.93 |
6.5-9 |
Electric conductivity (μS/cm) |
1238.00 |
1253.00 |
<1200 |
Total dissolved solids (ppm) |
857.00 |
873.00 |
<700 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) |
5.93 |
0.00 |
>5 |
Biological oxygen demand (ppm) |
35.92 |
32.63 |
<5 |
Chemical oxygen demand (ppm) |
84.00 |
78.67 |
<30 |
Nitrates (ppm) |
0.392 |
0.449 |
-- |
Inorganic phosphates (ppm) |
1.850 |
1.583 |
-- |
Total hardness (mg/L) |
276.00 |
260.00 |
<200 |
Calcium hardness (mg/L) |
183.93 |
131.90 |
<80 |
Chlorides (mg/L) |
184.60 |
190.28 |
<250 |
Total alkalinity (mg/L) |
480.00 |
520.00 |
<600 |
CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 37 and Plate 37)
- Inflow of sewage and industrial waste
- Local pollution such as washing clothes, defecation, swimming etc.
- Agricultural field and plantation run-off,
- Macrophyte cover
PLATE 37
MACROPHYTE COVER |
OUTLET |
38. VENKATTESHAPURA LAKE
NAME OF THE LAKE |
VENKATESHAPURA LAKE |
GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS LAT/LONG: 13°5'36"N 77°37'49"E |
AREA (2002/2009) |
1.504/1.756 ha |
ORGANIZATION |
BDA |
WARD / VILLAGE NAME |
Jakkur |
STATUS |
Clean / No / Less pollution |
RESTORATION |
July 2009- August 2010 (Incomplete) |
WATER CONDITION |
Good. |
Figure 8 Google Earth image and area of Venkateshapura Lake during 2002 and 2009 respectively.
WATER QUALITY
Table 8 Water quality and BIS standard for Venkateshapura Lake
Sampling site |
Venkateshapura inlet (VNI1) |
Venkateshapura outlet (VNM1) |
BIS standards for Surface waters |
pH |
8.54 |
8.41 |
6.5-9 |
Electric conductivity (μS/cm) |
342.00 |
346.50 |
<1200 |
Total dissolved solids (ppm) |
239.00 |
243.50 |
<700 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) |
8.13 |
7.40 |
>5 |
Biological oxygen demand (ppm) |
3.11 |
3.02 |
<5 |
Chemical oxygen demand (ppm) |
26.88 |
20.33 |
<30 |
Nitrates (ppm) |
0.020 |
0.021 |
-- |
Inorganic phosphates (ppm) |
0.022 |
0.057 |
-- |
Total hardness (mg/L) |
122.00 |
130.00 |
<200 |
Calcium hardness (mg/L) |
63.33 |
64.00 |
<80 |
Chlorides (mg/L) |
45.44 |
35.50 |
<250 |
Total alkalinity (mg/L) |
100.00 |
80.00 |
<600 |
CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 38 and Plate 38)
- Inflow of sewage,
- Regional pollution such as washing clothes, defecation, swimming etc.
- Agricultural field and plantation run-off
- Quarry
PLATE 38
NAME OF THE LAKE |
YELAHANKA LAKE |
GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS LAT/LONG: 13°6'52"N 77°35'31"E |
AREA |
115.8 ha |
ORGANIZATION |
BBMP |
WARD NAME |
1- Kempegowda ward |
STATUS |
Polluted/ Eutrophic water |
RESTORATION |
NO |
WATER CONDITION |
Poor. |
Figure 9 Google Earth image and area of Yelahanka Lake during 2004 and 2010 respectively.
WATER QUALITY
Table 9 Water quality variables and BIS standards for surface water limits for Yelahanka Lake.
Sampling site |
Yelahanka outlet (YLO1) |
Yelahanka inlet (YLI1) |
BIS standards for Surface waters |
pH |
9.06 |
9.33 |
6.5-9 |
Electric conductivity (μS/cm) |
1220 |
1350 |
<1200 |
Total dissolved solids (ppm) |
1105 |
1132 |
<700 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) |
4.63 |
2.76 |
>5 |
Biological oxygen demand (ppm) |
21.94 |
26.385 |
<5 |
Chemical oxygen demand (ppm) |
53.88 |
62.77 |
<30 |
Nitrates (ppm) |
0.19 |
0.26 |
-- |
Inorganic phosphates (ppm) |
1.34 |
1.61 |
-- |
Total hardness (mg/L) |
266 |
284 |
<200 |
Calcium hardness (mg/L) |
148 |
157 |
<80 |
Chlorides (mg/L) |
360 |
498 |
<250 |
Total alkalinity (mg/L) |
504 |
628 |
<600 |
CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 39 and Plate 39)
- Inflow of sewage and Industrial waste from surrounding area
- Regional pollution such as fishing, defecation, swimming etc.
- Field and plantation run-off,
- Massive macrophyte cover.
- No/ less oxygen availability and hence Loss of Biodiversity (Only African catfish is available)
PLATE 39
MACROPHYTE COVER AND GREEN WATER
NAME OF THE LAKE |
YELLAMALLAPPA CHETTY LAKE |
GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS LAT/LONG: 13°1'38"N 77°43'44"E |
AREA (2002/2010) |
128.3/114.2 ha |
ORGANIZATION |
Irrigation department |
WARD / VILLAGE NAME |
K R Puram |
STATUS |
Polluted/ Eutrophic water |
RESTORATION |
NO |
WATER CONDITION |
Poor. |
Figure 10 Google Earth image and area of Yellammalappa Lake during 2002 and 2010 respectively
WATER QUALITY
Table 10 Water quality and BIS standard values for Yellammallappa chetty sampling sites.
Sampling site |
Yellamallappa chetty outlet (YLO1) |
Yellamallappa chetty inlet (YLI1) |
BIS standards for Surface waters |
pH |
7.36 |
7.40 |
6.5-9 |
Electric conductivity (μS/cm) |
1691.00 |
1883.00 |
<1200 |
Total dissolved solids (ppm) |
1178.00 |
1309.00 |
<700 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) |
9.73 |
0.00 |
>5 |
Biological oxygen demand (ppm) |
63.18 |
65.82 |
<5 |
Chemical oxygen demand (ppm) |
174.67 |
180.00 |
<30 |
Nitrates (ppm) |
0.418 |
0.167 |
-- |
Inorganic phosphates (ppm) |
2.896 |
2.581 |
-- |
Total hardness (mg/L) |
384.00 |
388.00 |
<200 |
Calcium hardness (mg/L) |
259.90 |
259.90 |
<80 |
Chlorides (mg/L) |
142.00 |
514.04 |
<250 |
Total alkalinity (mg/L) |
560.00 |
680.00 |
<600 |
CURRENT THREATS (Refer Figure 40 and Plate 40)
- Inflow of sewage and Industrial waste from surrounding area,
- Regional pollution such as fishing, defecation, swimming etc.
- Field and plantation run-off,
- More macrophyte cover,
- Loss of Biodiversity (Only African catfish is available)
PLATE 40
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