FOREST TREES OF CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS

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ENVIS Technical Report 121, August 2017

FOREST TREES OF CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS

T.V. Ramachandra G. R. Rao Vishnu D. Mukri Subash Chandran M.D.

Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 012, India.
E Mail: tvr@iisc.ac.in; Tel: 91-080-22933099, 2293 3503 extn 101, 107, 113

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Introduction

Abbreviations

Botanical Glossary

Glossary - Leaf Shape and Inflorescence types

Species Index

Botanical Glossary

No.	Tree species based on different identification characters
A.	Trees armed with thorns or prickles
1	Flacourtia montana J. Graham
2	Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.
3	Tamilnadia uliginosa (Retz.) Tirveng. & Sastre
4	Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.) Raf.
B.	Trees with wood fragrant
5	Canarium strictum Roxb.
6	Reinwardtiodendron anamalaiense (Bedd.) Mabb.
7	Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosterm.
8	Cryptocarya wightiana Thwaites
9	Litsea floribunda (Blume) Gamble
10	Litsea ghatica Saldanha
11	Cinnamomum malabatrum (Burm.f.) J. Presl
12	Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex Hiern
C.	Trees with milky latex
13	Artocarpus hirsutus Lam.
14	Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
15	Artocarpus gomezianus Wall. ex Trecul ssp. zeylanicus Jarrett
16	Chrysophyllum roxburghii G. Don
17	Tabernaemontana alternifolia L.
18	Ficus callosa Willd.
19	Ficus microcarpa L.f.
20	Ficus nervosa B. Heyne ex Roth
21	Madhuca longifolia (J. Konig ex L.) J.F. Macbr. var. latifolia (Roxb.) A. Chev
22	Madhuca neriifolia (Moon) H. J. Lam.
23	Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Kosterm
24	Mimusops elengi L.
25	Falconeria insignis Royle
D.	Trees with stem exuding watery or coloured sap
26	Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Robson
27	Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy
28	Gymnacranthera canarica (King) Warb.
29	Knema attenuata (Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb.
30	Myristica fatua var. magnifica (Bedd.) Sinclair
31	Myristica malabarica Lam.
32	Myristica beddomei King
33	Semecarpus kathalekanensis Dassapa & Swaminath
E.	Trees with leaves Trinerved (3) or more nerved from base
34	Pterospermum reticulatum Wight & Arn.
35	Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R. Br.
36	Sterculia guttata Roxb. ex DC.
37	Strychnos nux-vomica L.
38	Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Mull. Arg.
39	Bauhinia foveolata Dalzell
F.	Trees with leaves clustered or whorled
40	Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.
41	Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb.
42	Madhuca bourdillonii (Gamble) H. J. Lam.
43	Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.
44	Pittosporum dasycaulon Mig.
45	Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.
46	Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
47	Holigarna arnottiana Hook.f.
48	Holigarna grahamii (Wight) Kurz.
G.	Trees with Simple-opposite-serrate leaves
49	Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) J. A. Murray
50	Olea dioica Roxb.
H.	Trees with Simple-opposite-entire leaves
51	Lophopetalum wightianum Arn.
52	Calophyllum polyanthum Wall. ex Choisy
53	Calophyllum apetalum Willd.
54	Psydrax umbellata (Wight) Bridson
55	Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merrill
56	Euonymus indicus B. Heyne ex Wall.
57	Ixora brachiata Roxb.
58	Lagerstroemia hirsuta (Lam.) Willd.
59	Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight
60	Chionanthus mala-elengi (Dennst.) P. S. Green
61	Memecylon talbotianum Brandis
62	Mesua ferrea L.
63	Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston
64	Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
65	Syzygium gardneri Thwaites
66	Syzygium hemisphericum (Wight) Alston
67	Syzygium laetum (Buch.-Ham.) Gandhi
68	Syzygium occidentale (Bourd.) Gandhi
69	Syzygium travancoricum Gamble
70	Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC.
71	Eugenia roxburghii DC.
72	Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex. DC.) Wight & Arn.
73	Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser
I.	Trees with Simple-alternate-serrate leaves
74	Careya arborea Roxb.
75	Drypetes confertiflora (Hook. f.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
76	Elaeocarpus serratus L.
77	Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken
78	Symplocos racemosa Roxb.
79	Tetrameles nudiflora R. Br.
J.	Trees with Simple-alternate-entire leaves
80	Antidesma menasu (Tul.) Mull. Arg.
81	Ardisia solanacea Roxb.
82	Dimorphocalyx glabellus Thwaites var. lawianus (Hook. f.) Chakrab & N.P. Balakr.
83	Diospyros buxifolia (Blume) Hiern.	66
84	Diospyros candolleana Wight	66
85	Diospyros montana Roxb.	67
86	Diospyros oocarpa Thwaites	67
87	Diospyros paniculata Dalzell	68
88	Diospyros saldanhae Kosterm.	68
89	Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd.	69
90	Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook. f. ex Bedd.	69
91	Hopea parviflora Bedd.	70
92	Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb.	70
93	Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Mull	71
94	Margaritaria indica (Dalzell) Airy Shaw	71
95	Mastixia arborea (Wight) C.B. Clarke	72
96	Meiogyne pannosa (Dalzell) J. Sinclair	72
97	Nothopegia castaneaefolia (Roth) Ding Hou	73
98	Nothapodytes nimmoniana (J. Graham) Mabb.	73
99	Phyllanthus emblica L.	74
100	Polyalthia fragrans (Dalzell) Bedd.	74
101	Pterospermum diversifolium Blume	75
102	Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch.	75
103	Sageraea laurina Dalzell	76
104	Strombosia ceylanica Gardn.	76
105	Terminalia paniculata Roth.	77
106	Terminalia elliptica Willd.	77
107	Vateria indica L.	78
108	Diospyros pyrrhocarpoides Ramesh & Franceschi	78
109	Diospyros crumenata Thw.	79
K.	Trees with Compound-opposite-entire leaves	79
110	Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guill. & Perr.	80
111	Cassia fistula L.	80
112	Stereospermum tetragonum DC.	81
113	Vitex altissima L.f.	81
114	Vitex leucoxylon L. f.	82
L.	Trees with Compound-alternate-entire leaves	82
115	Archidendron monadelphum (Roxb.) Nielsen	83
116	Dimocarpus longan Lour.	83
117	Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk.	84
118	Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk	84
119	Sapindus trifoliatus L.	85
120	Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr.	85
121	Toona hexandra (Wall. ex. Roxb.) M. Roem.	86
122	Trichilia connaroides (Wight & Arn.) Bentv.	86
123	Crateva religiosa G. Forst.	87
124	Walsura trifoliolata (A. Juss.) Harms	87
125	Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd.	88
M.	Trees with Compound-alternate-serrate leaves	88
126	Bischofia javanica Blume	89
N.	Palms	89
127	Arenga wightii Griff	90
128	Caryota urens L.	90

SPECIES INDEX

Sn	Tree species	Family	Page No.
1	Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.	Apocynaceae	45
2	Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guill. & Perr.	Combretaceae	80
3	Antidesma menasu (Tul.) Mull. Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	64
4	Archidendron monadelphum (Roxb.) Nielsen	Leguminosae	83
5	Ardisia solanacea Roxb.	Myrsinaceae	65
6	Arenga wightii Griff.	Arecaceae	90
7	Artocarpus gomezianus Wall. ex Trecul ssp. zeylanicus Jarrett	Moraceae	28
8	Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.	Moraceae	28
9	Artocarpus hirsutus Lam.	Moraceae	27
10	Bauhinia foveolata Dalzell	Leguminosae	41
11	Bischofia javanica Blume	Euphorbiaceae	89
12	Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) J. A. Murray	Lamiaceae	47
13	Calophyllum apetalum Willd.	Clusiaceae	50
14	Calophyllum polyanthum Wall. ex Choisy	Clusiaceae	49
15	Canarium strictum Roxb.	Burseraceae	23
16	Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merrill	Rhizophoraceae	51
17	Careya arborea Roxb.	Lecythidaceae	61
18	Caryota urens L.	Arecaceae	90
19	Cassia fistula L.	Leguminosae	80
20	Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.	Rubiaceae	21
21	Chionanthus mala-elengi (Dennst.) P. S. Green	Oleaceae	53
22	Chrysophyllum roxburghii G. Don	Sapotaceae	29
23	Cinnamomum malabatrum (Burm.f.) J. Presl	Lauraceae	26
24	Crateva religiosa G. Forst.	Capparaceae	87
25	Cryptocarya wightiana Thwaites	Lauraceae	24
26	Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.	Dilleniaceae	42
27	Dimocarpus longan Lour.	Sapindaceae	83
28	Dimorphocalyx glabellus Thwaites var. lawianus (Hook. f.) Chakrab & N.P. Balakr.	Euphorbiaceae	65
29	Diospyros buxifolia (Blume) Hiern.	Ebenaceae	66
30	Diospyros candolleana Wight	Ebenaceae	66
31	Diospyros crumenata Thw.	Ebenaceae	79
32	Diospyros montana Roxb.	Ebenaceae	67
33	Diospyros oocarpa Thwaites	Ebenaceae	67
34	Diospyros paniculata Dalzell	Ebenaceae	68
35	Diospyros pyrrhocarpoides Ramesh & Franceschi	Ebenaceae	78
36	Diospyros saldanhae Kosterm.	Ebenaceae	68
37	Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd.	Dipterocarpaceae	69
38	Drypetes confertiflora (Hook. f.) Pax & K. Hoffm.	Putranjivaceae	61
39	Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook. f. ex Bedd.	Meliaceae	69
40	Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex Hiern	Meliaceae	26
41	Elaeocarpus serratus L.	Elaeocarpaceae	62
42	Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb.	Elaeocarpaceae	43
43	Eugenia roxburghii DC.	Myrtaceae	59
44	Euonymus indicus B. Heyne ex Wall.	Celastraceae	51
45	Falconeria insignis Royle	Euphorbiaceae	33
46	Ficus callosa Willd.	Moraceae	30
47	Ficus microcarpa L.f.	Moraceae	30
48	Ficus nervosa B. Heyne ex Roth	Moraceae	31
49	Flacourtia montana J. Graham	Flacourtiaceae	20
50	Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Robson	Clusiaceae	34
51	Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy	Clusiaceae	35
52	Gymnacranthera canarica (King) Warb.	Myristicaceae	35
53	Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk.	Sapindaceae	84
54	Holigarna arnottiana Hook.f.	Anacardiaceae	46
55	Holigarna grahamii (Wight) Kurz.	Anacardiaceae	46
56	Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch.	Ulmaceae	75
57	Hopea parviflora Bedd.	Dipterocarpaceae	70
58	Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb.	Dipterocarpaceae	70
59	Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken	Flacourtiaceae	62
60	Ixora brachiata Roxb.	Rubiaceae	52
61	Knema attenuata (Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb.	Myristicaceae	36
62	Lagerstroemia hirsuta (Lam.) Willd.	Lythraceae	52
63	Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight	Lythraceae	53
64	Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.	Anacardiaceae	44
65	Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk	Sapindaceae	84
66	Litsea floribunda (Blume) Gamble	Lauraceae	25
67	Litsea ghatica Saldanha	Lauraceae	25
68	Lophopetalum wightianum Arn.	Celastraceae	49
69	Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Mull.	Euphorbiaceae	71
70	Madhuca bourdillonii (Gamble) H. J. Lam.	Sapotaceae	43
71	Madhuca longifolia (J. Konig ex L.) J.F. Macbr. var. latifolia (Roxb.) A. Chev.	Sapotaceae	31
72	Madhuca neriifolia (Moon) H. J. Lam.	Sapotaceae	32
73	Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Mull. Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	41
74	Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Kosterm	Clusiaceae	32
75	Margaritaria indica (Dalzell) Airy Shaw	Euphorbiaceae	71
76	Mastixia arborea (Wight) C.B. Clarke	Cornaceae	72
77	Meiogyne pannosa (Dalzell) J. Sinclair	Annonaceae	72
78	Memecylon talbotianum Brandis	Melastomataceae	54
79	Mesua ferrea L.	Clusiaceae	54
80	Mimusops elengi L.	Sapotaceae	33
81	Myristica beddomei King	Myristicaceae	37
82	Myristica fatua var. magnifica (Bedd.) Sinclair	Myristicaceae	36
83	Myristica malabarica Lam.	Myristicaceae	37
84	Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser	Rubiaceae	60
85	Nothapodytes nimmoniana (J. Graham) Mabb.	Icacinaceae	73
86	Nothopegia racemosa (Roth) Ding Hou	Anacardiaceae	73
87	Olea dioica Roxb.	Oleaceae	48
88	Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosterm.	Lauraceae	24
89	Phyllanthus emblica L.	Euphorbiaceae	74
90	Pittosporum dasycaulon Mig.	Pittosporaceae	44
91	Polyalthia fragrans (Dalzell) Bedd.	Annonaceae	74
92	Psydrax umbellata (Wight) Bridson	Rubiaceae	50
93	Pterospermum diversifolium Blume	Sterculiaceae	75
94	Pterospermum reticulatum Wight & Arn.	Sterculiaceae	39
95	Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R. Br.	Sterculiaceae	39
96	Reinwardtiodendron anamalaiense (Bedd.) Mabb.	Meliaceae	23
97	Sageraea laurina Dalzell	Annonaceae	76
98	Sapindus trifoliatus L.	Sapindaceae	85
99	Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd.	Leguminosae	88
100	Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr.	Sapindacea	85
101	Semecarpus kathalekanensis Dassapa & Swaminath	Anacardiaceae	38
102	Sterculia guttata Roxb. ex DC.	Sterculiaceae	40
103	Stereospermum tetragonum DC.	Bignoniaceae	81
104	Strombosia ceylanica Gardn.	Olacaceae	76
105	Strychnos nux-vomica L.	Loganiaceae	40
106	Symplocos racemosa Roxb.	Symplocaceae	63
107	Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston	Myrtaceae	55
108	Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels	Myrtaceae	55
109	Syzygium gardneri Thwaites	Myrtaceae	56
110	Syzygium hemisphericum (Wight) Alston	Myrtaceae	56
111	Syzygium laetum (Buch.-Ham.) Gandhi	Myrtaceae	57
112	Syzygium occidentale (Bourd.) Gandhi	Myrtaceae	57
113	Syzygium travancoricum Gamble	Myrtaceae	58
114	Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC.	Myrtaceae	58
115	Tabernaemontana alternifolia L.	Apocynaceae	29
116	Tamilnadia uliginosa (Retz.) Tirveng. & Sastre	Rubiaceae	21
117	Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex. DC.) Wight & Arn.	Combretaceae	59
118	Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.	Combretaceae	45
119	Terminalia elliptica Willd.	Combretaceae	77
120	Terminalia paniculata Roth.	Combretaceae	77
121	Tetrameles nudiflora R. Br.	Tetramelaceae	63
122	Toona hexandra (Wall. ex. Roxb.) M. Roem.	Meliaceae	86
123	Trichilia connaroides (Wight & Arn.) Bentv.	Meliaceae	86
124	Vateria indica L.	Dipterocarpaceae	78
125	Vitex altissima L.f.	Lamiaceae	81
126	Vitex leucoxylon L. f.	Lamiaceae	82
127	Walsura trifoliolata (A. Juss.) Harms	Meliaceae	87
128	Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.) Raf.	Sapotaceae	22

Dr. T.V. Ramachandra
Centre for Sustainable Technologies,
Centre for infrastructure, Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning (CiSTUP),
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail : tvr@iisc.ac.in
Tel: 91-080-22933099/23600985, Fax: 91-080-23601428/23600085
Web: http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy

G. R. Rao
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: raogr@iisc.ac.in

Vishnu D. Mukri
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: vishnudevumukri@gmail.com

Subash Chandran M.D.
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: subhashc@iisc.ac.in

Citation:Rao G R, Vishnu D. Mukri, Subash Chandran M D, Ramachandra T V, 2017. Forest Trees of Central Western Ghats – Field Manual, ENVIS Technical Report 121, Sahyadri Conservation Series 67, Energy & Wetlands Research Group, CES, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012

Contact Address :
	Dr. T.V. Ramachandra Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, TE 15, New Biology Building, Third Floor, E Wing, [Near D Gate], Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA. Tel : 91-80-22933099 / 22933503-extn 107 Fax : 91-80-23601428 / 23600085 / 23600683 [CES-TVR] E-mail : tvr@iisc.ac.in, energy.ces@iisc.ac.in, Web : http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy