Sahyadri ENews Issues: I - LXXVIII
Pond with Native Green cover (in the catchment) to Sustain Hydrological regime- Jain Temple (mutt) Area, Moodabidri, Dakshina Kannada DistrictCite
Ramachandra T V, Vinay S, Akhil C A and M D Subash Chandran
ENVIS[RP], Environmental Information System, Energy and Wetlands
Research Group,
Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science -
560012
envis.ces@iisc.ac.in
tvr@iisc.ac.in Phone:
080 22933099/22933503
Study area: The site belongs to the Jain mutt encompassing an area of 11 acres. The site is located near Ammanottu cross of the Mangalore Solapur Highway, Mudabidre town of Karkala taluk in Udupi (Figure 2). Moodabidri receives annual average rainfall of 4200mm of which 80% of the rainfall is due to the south west monsoon between June and September. Temperature at Moodabidri varies between 18oC to 36oC.
Figure 2: Study area
Harvesting Structure:
Topography of the mutt land and the surroundings have gentle, a tank can be constructed at the site as specified at location in figure 3. Probable size of the tank is as specified in figure 4, area of the tank is nearly 6000 square meters (1.5 acres). The catchment area (Figure 5) of the proposed tank is nearly 37.41 hectares. Landscape dynamics in the catchment since early 2000's till date is as given in figure 5. With rainfall of 4200 mm per year, yield in the catchment is nearly 785 kilo. cum (785 million liters).
Figure 3: Topography of the terrain (1m contour) - indicating location of proposed tank
Figure 4: Possible tank area (cyan)
 |
 |
2004 |
2010 |
 |
|
2016 |
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Figure 5: Landscape dynamics in the catchment.
An Artificial Pond can be excavated and built with a water spread area of 6000 sq.m. The side walls can be constructed using stone masonry.
Case 1: Various depths, having constant surface area
Figure 6 depicts the design of pond with a constant surface area of 6000 sq.m with variable depth d, Table1 depicts the variability in storage volume with increasing depths of the pond.
Figure 6: Case 1, Pond having a constant surface are with variable depth (d).
Table 1: Storage capacity of Pond at various depths
Depth (meters) |
Volume (Cubic meters) |
1 |
6000 |
1.5 |
9000 |
2 |
12000 |
2.5 |
15000 |
3 |
18000 |
3.5 |
21000 |
4 |
24000 |
4.5 |
27000 |
5 |
30000 |
Case 2: Pond Built as Kalyani
Figure 7 depicts the design of pond if built as a Kalyani, and table 2 depicts the volume stored at various depths, for every 1 meter depth, 3 meter wide banking is considered on each side of the pond.
Figure 7: Case 1, Pond having a constant surface are with variable depth (d).
Table 7: Storage capacity of Pond as Kalyani
Depth(m) |
Width, Length and Area at various depths |
Cumulative Volume (cum) |
||
Width (m) |
Length (m) |
Area (sq.m) |
||
1 |
60 |
100 |
6000 |
6000 |
2 |
54 |
94 |
5076 |
11076 |
3 |
48 |
88 |
4224 |
15300 |
4 |
42 |
82 |
3444 |
18744 |
5 |
36 |
76 |
2736 |
21480 |
6 |
30 |
70 |
2100 |
23580 |
7 |
24 |
64 |
1536 |
25116 |
8 |
18 |
58 |
1044 |
26160 |
9 |
12 |
52 |
624 |
26784 |
Note: in both the cases, Natural subsurface flows (pipe flows) should not be altered as it functions in catering water to downstream users
- Tree Species: Table 3 gives tree species to be planted in an area of 9.5 acres of the mutt land.
Table 3: Tree, shrub and climbers to be planted in the miniforest
Sl. No: |
Tree species |
Vernacular name |
Suggestion for planting |
1 |
Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston |
Kan: Gugguldhoopa |
|
2 |
Alseodaphne semecarpifolia Nees |
Kan: Kachu |
In shade |
3 |
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. |
Kan: Haalemara; Tul: Paale |
|
4 |
Aporosa cardiosperma (Gaertn.) Merr. |
Kan: Saroli-mara, Salle |
|
5 |
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. |
Kan: Halasu |
|
6 |
Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. |
Tul: Andipunaar |
In partial shade |
7 |
Caryota urens L. |
Kan: Baini-mara; Tul: Eendu |
|
8 |
Cassia fistula L. |
Kan: Kakke mara, Konde-mara |
In open |
9 |
Corypha umbraculifera L. |
Kan: Sritaale; Tul: Pane |
In open |
10 |
Ficus callosa Willd. |
||
11 |
Flacourtia montana J. Graham |
Kan: Champe hannu; Tul: Abluka |
|
12 |
Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy |
Kan: Murganahuli; Tul: Baddupuli |
In partial shade & shade |
13 |
Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. Ex G. Don. |
Kan: Kodasiga, Korasigina-gida; Tul: Kudenchi-poo |
In open |
14 |
Hopea parviflora Bedd. |
Kan: Bogi, Kiraalbogi; Tul: Bovu mara |
In shade |
15 |
Ixora brachiata Roxb. |
Tul: Kurejji |
In partial shade |
16 |
Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. |
Kan: Hippe |
|
17 |
Madhuca longifolia (L.) J.F. Macbr. |
||
18 |
Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Kosterm. |
Kan: Suragi |
In partial shade |
19 |
Mangifera indica L. |
Kan: Maavu; Tul: Kukku |
|
20 |
Melia dubia Cav. |
Kan: Betta bevu |
In open, fast growing |
21 |
Mimusops elengi L. |
Kan: Renje-mara, Baaglu |
In partial shade (very important) |
22 |
Olea dioica Roxb. |
Kan: Bili-sarole; Tul: Budale |
In partial shade |
23 |
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre |
Kan: Honge-mara |
|
24 |
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd. |
Kan: Ashoka |
In shade |
25 |
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr. |
Kan: Chakota, Chendaala |
In open |
26 |
Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz |
Kan: Ambate |
In open |
27 |
Stereospermum colais (Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn) Mabb. |
Kan: Paadarimara |
In open |
28 |
Strychnos nux-vomica L. |
Kan: Kaasakana-mara, Kaasarka; Tul: Kaayer |
|
29 |
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels |
Kan: Nerale-mara |
|
30 |
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. |
Kan: Shaanti-mara, Taare-mara |
In open (important) |
31 |
Vateria indica L. |
Kan: Dhoopa, Chandalika |
|
32 |
Vitex altissima L.f. |
Kan: Myrole; Tul: Myrolu |
|
33 |
Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. |
Kan: Jambe |
|
34 |
Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. |
Kan: Gaamate mara, Aramaadala; Tul: Petnoli kaayi, Kaavate |
Sl. No: |
Shrubs |
Kannada name |
Suggestion for planting |
1 |
Gardenia spp. |
||
2 |
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. |
Tul: Paandel |
|
3 |
Helicteres isora L. |
Kan: Yedamuri; Tul: Kidenjal booru |
|
4 |
Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. |
Tul: Nedthe, Nedil Tappu |
|
5 |
Melastoma malabathricum L. |
Kan: Dodda Nekkare |
In damp spots |
6 |
Nothopodytes nimmoniana (J. Graham) Mabb. |
Kan: Durvaasane mara |
|
7 |
Pandanus sp. |
Any local Pandanus |
|
8 |
Vitex negundo L. |
Kan: Lakki-gida; Tul: Nekki-tappu |
Sl. No: |
Climbers |
Kannada name |
Suggestion for planting |
1 |
Aristolochia indica L. |
Kan: Eeshwariballi; Tul: Eesara beru |
|
2 |
Asparagus racemosus Willd. |
Kan: Shataavari, Halavu makkala taayi gida |
|
3 |
Celastrus paniculatus Willd. |
Kan: Karigonne, Gangunde kayi |
|
4 |
Combretum latifolium Blume |
||
5 |
Entada rheedei Spreng. |
Kan: Hallekaayi-balli, Pallekaayi |
|
6 |
Gloriosa superba L. |
Kan: Gowri hoo, Huli uguru |
Use tubers |
7 |
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. |
Kan: Naamadaberu, Sogade beru, Nannaariberu |
Plant roots |
8 |
Smilax zeylanica L. |
Tul: Chenne booru |