Abstract: In this review the vegetation and the diversity and peculiarity of the flora of the Western Ghats with particular reference to the angiosperms are discussed. It is pointed out that this flora is of an ancient lineage. Endemism in the angiosperm flora has been deity, with present knowledge on the presumably extinct, endangered, threatened and rare plants of this region have been reviewed. An attempt has been made to identify the threats. The current conservation status is discussed and certain measures to counter the further loss of species are suggested.